Maritime Law and Practice in Late Medieval Aberdeen

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Frankot
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
Northern European ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Written Law ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
North Western

This article examines maritime law and its use in legal practice in late medieval Aberdeen. It is argued that, although several copies of a Scottish translation of the ‘Rôles d'Oléron’, a French sea law, were available in Scotland, written law collections were rarely used in court proceedings. Rather, judgments were ‘concluded’ or ‘found’ based on common sense. Some of these judgments did, nonetheless, correspond to regulations laid down in the ‘Rôles d'Oléron’, or to verdicts from legal practice recorded elsewhere in northern Europe. Although no common tradition of maritime law and practice existed in northern Europe, Aberdeen practice appears to have been significantly different from that of other northern European towns, suggesting that Aberdeen may have been part of a separate north-western European tradition instead.

“Kenning be Kenning and Course be Course”: Maritime Jurimetrics in Scotland and Northern Europe 1400—1600

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADM Forte
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
Visible Points ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Texts ◽  
Coastal Topography

This article explores thejurimetric significance ofa phrase orformula, “kenning be kenning and course be course”, used in maritime law texts and disputes in late medieval and early modern Scotland and England. On open sea voyages, knowing one's position and using that knowledge to plot the next stage of the trip depended, not only on topographical knowledge ofcoasts and theirfeatures, but also on knowledge ofthe “kennings” (sightings, or the distances between two visible points of coastal topography) encountered on coastal voyages or at the end ofa sea-going passage, as well as knowledge ofthe “courses” to be sailed in the latter case. Knowing howfar a vessel had travelled was also crucial in actionsfor payment offreight pro rata itineris orfor payment of wages. The several versions of the Judgments of the Sea used in northern Europe stated what the law was in such disputes, but the remedies given were dependent on a calculation ofdistance in either kennings or courses. The Scottish contextfor this practice is explored in detail.

scholarly journals How to Be a Pilgrim: Guidebooks on the Norwegian St. Olav Ways and the Heritagization of Religion

Numen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 508-536
Author(s):  
Dirk Johannsen ◽  
Ane Ohrvik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
European Project ◽  
Northern European ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
New Framework

Abstract The Norwegian St. Olav Ways are currently the largest Northern European project re-institutionalizing pilgrimage as cultural heritage, providing a new framework for vernacular religious practices to a wide audience. In this article we approach the current pilgrimage revival in Northern Europe as part of a trend toward a heritagization of religion that allows new religious self-understandings to emerge. We analyze pilgrim guidebooks to the St. Olav Ways with regard to their narrative scripts, detailing how they can create expectations, inform the pilgrims’ conduct, and direct their attention toward a history that translates into a heritage. Based on a corpus of published pilgrim journals and diaries, we argue that the guidebooks instruct a process of interpretive drift, which influence the pilgrims toward embracing and embodying a new role within the religious field. The guidebooks invite the pilgrims to take on the role of heirs to a medieval European tradition.

Implications of Ionospheric Scintillation for GNSS Users in Northern Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Aquino ◽  
Terry Moore ◽  
Alan Dodson ◽  
Sam Waugh ◽  
Jock Souter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ionospheric Scintillation ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Amplitude Fluctuations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Time Delay Effect ◽  
Electron Density Irregularities ◽  
The Impact

Extensive ionospheric scintillation and Total Electron Content (TEC) data were collected by the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) in Northern Europe during years of great impact of the solar maximum on GNSS users (2001–2003). The ionospheric TEC is responsible for range errors due to its time delay effect on transionospheric signals. Electron density irregularities in the ionosphere, occurring frequently during these years, are responsible for (phase and amplitude) fluctuations on GNSS signals, known as ionospheric scintillation. Since June 2001 four GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor receivers (the NovAtel/AJ Systems GSV4004) have been deployed at stations in the UK and Norway, forming a Northern European network, covering geographic latitudes from 53° to 70° N approximately. These receivers compute and record GPS phase and amplitude scintillation parameters, as well as TEC and TEC variations. The project involved setting up the network and developing automated archiving and data analysis strategies, aiming to study the impact of scintillation on DGPS and EGNOS users, and on different GPS receiver technologies. In order to characterise scintillation and TEC variations over Northern Europe, as well as investigate correlation with geomagnetic activity, long-term statistical analyses were also produced. This paper summarises our findings, providing an overview of the potential implications of ionospheric scintillation for the GNSS user in Northern Europe.

Archaeology and Sigillography in Northern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-238
Author(s):  
Michael Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Seal Impressions

Medieval seals, traditionally considered from the perspective of their documentary function, may also be studied as archaeological artefacts. Pilgrim badges were seal-shaped, and seal matrices and seal impressions can be found on church bells, in altars, and in burial sites. The context in which matrices are excavated provides valuable information on the practices of sealing and on the values attached to seals. This article also reveals a hitherto undescribed late medieval practice whereby papal and Scandinavian royal correspondents exchanged seal matrices.

scholarly journals Taxonomy of the Empria hungarica species-group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Northern Europe

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikk Heidemaa ◽  
Matti Viitasaari
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
European Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Northern European ◽  
First Time

In the tenthredinid hymenopteran genus Empria, the European species with a paired whitish patch on tergum 1 are considered tentatively as a species-group termed the E. hungarica group. The type materials of Empria pumila (Konow), E. pumiloides Lindqvist and E. tricornis Lindqvist were examined. The lectotype and paralectotypes of E. pumila are designated, and new diagnostic characters for E. pumila and E. pumiloides are given. A key for the Northern European species of the E. hungarica group is compiled. The results of a comparison of the phenology and some metrical characters of the adults of E. pumila and E. pumiloides are presented in the form of diagrams. E. pumiloides is recorded for the first time from Russia and Germany. The records of E. hungarica from Estonia (Saaremaa) are reported as the northernmost for that species. All available distributional records of Empria hungarica in the Palaearctic are given in the text, and those localized reliably are also mapped.

Radical right framing of social policy in Hungary: between nationalism and populism

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole VT Lugosi
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
Northern European

AbstractThe populist radical right (PRR) is increasingly associated with welfare chauvinism, but the literature mainly focuses on Western and Northern European cases. Turning attention to Central Eastern Europe, this article investigates how PRR parties in Hungary frame welfare issues in five social policy areas from 2010 to 2016. This is done through a critical frame analysis applied to party manifestos and State of the Nation speeches by the Fidesz and Jobbik parties. Special care is taken to delineate the interlocking but not interchangeable concepts of nationalism and populism, as recent research asserts this distinction is often overlooked. The main findings are threefold: First, these parties articulate their positions chiefly through nationalist rather than populist framing; Second, while Hungary's PRR exhibits welfare chauvinist framing similar to Western and Northern Europe, a main difference detected was the role of the communist legacy; Third, beyond the article's original goals, the findings revealed a strong connection between nationalist framing and the role of gender, suggesting that the two are not mutually exclusive.

Examining Phenotypic Traits Contributing to the Spread in Northern European Potato Crops of EU_41_A2, a New Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Puidet ◽  
Romain Mabon ◽  
Michele Guibert ◽  
Riinu Kiiker ◽  
Liina Soonvald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Northern European ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Potato Crops

Until recently, genotypes of Phytophthora infestans were regionally distributed in Europe, with populations in western Europe being dominated by clonal lineages and those in northern Europe being genetically diverse due to frequent sexual reproduction. However, since 2013, a new clonal lineage (EU_41_A2) has successfully established itself and expanded in the sexually recombining P. infestans populations of northern Europe. The objective of this study was to study phenotypic traits of the new clonal lineage of P. infestans, which may explain its successful establishment and expansion within sexually recombining populations. Fungicide sensitivity, aggressiveness and virulence profiles of isolates of EU_41_A2 were analyzed and compared to those of the local sexual populations from Denmark, Norway, and Estonia. None of the phenotypic data obtained from the isolates collected from Denmark, Estonia and Norway independently explained the invasive success of EU_41_A2 within sexual Nordic populations. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expansion of this new genotype could result from a combination of fitness traits and more favorable environmental conditions that have emerged due to climate change.

Cooperation of northern European states in the area of culture and education

2020 ◽  
pp. 71 (88)-78 (93)
Author(s):  
A.B. Gecht ◽  
T.V. Molchanova ◽  
A.V. Nerovny ◽  
I.A. Tsverianashvili
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
English Version ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
State Regional

This paper is aimed at studying the interaction of the states of Northern Europe in the field of culture and education — one of the fundamentally important areas of northern European integration. Cooperation in these areas is actively developing not only due to common cultural and historical values and roots of the northern countries, but also has clear pragmatic goals. So, it carries out an important utilitarian function — the development of a common labor market in the Northern Europe region, which is largely possible thanks to the joint actions of the integration member countries aimed at the evolution of a common space in the field of culture, language and education. The effectiveness of the existing forms and mechanisms of interaction in the above areas depends on the effectiveness of training highly skilled labor and facilitating the adaptation of migrants from one state to another, both of which are part of the region. The tools include: interstate, state, regional programs, projects and forums aimed at the development of cooperation and mobility, etc. English version of the article is available on pp. 88-93 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/cooperation-of-the-nordic-countries-in-culture-and-education/66416.html

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