Lord Seaforth and Highland estate management in the First Phase of Clearance (1783–1815)

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finlay McKichan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Estate Management

Professor Allan Macinnes coined the phrase and defined ‘The First Phase of Clearance’. He argued that in this period chiefs embraced wholeheartedly the Whig concept of progress and deliberately subordinated, if not threw over, their personal obligations as patrons and protectors of their clansmen and that a result was a gradual but inexorable re-orientation of estates towards the market at the expense of clanship. This article is a case study of First Phase Clearance based on the proprietorship of Francis Humberston Mackenzie of the Seaforth estate in mainland Ross-shire and Lewis. It argues that he was slower than other proprietors in abandoning traditional attitudes and in following the dictates of political economy. It shows that customary, political and commercial pressures pulled him in different directions, which led to ambiguities and contradictions in his policies. In the first part of the article the importance for him of customary concerns, traditional attitudes and political influence and the implications for estate management are examined. However, he also wanted to enjoy the financial benefits of commercialisation and in some respects he undoubtedly acted commercially. This is considered in the second part. The consequences of these competing pressures are discussed in the final part. The article concludes that, while Seaforth reflects many of the characteristics associated with First Phase Clearance proprietors, his estate management policy does not display inexorable adoption of commercialism, but rather confusion and inconsistency under pressure. This was to the detriment of his own interests and those of his family and began the process by which in the nineteenth century most of the Seaforth estate was sold.

The Courtown Land Agents and Transnational Estate Management, 1850–1900

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Rachel Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Estate Management

The nature of estate agencies across the four nations during the nineteenth century varied depending on the size and location of the estate, and the financial situation of the landlord. In short, just as estates were not homogenous, neither were the agencies that managed them. This chapter considers the management structure of a transnational estate during the second half of the nineteenth century, using the Courtown estate as a case study. It examines the roles of the agents, sub-agents and bailiffs employed on the estate during this period. It is hoped that the study will enable comparison with other estates within the four nations, leading to a deeper understanding of the role of the land agent during the Victorian period.

scholarly journals Assessment of financial benefits of selected mezzanine financing instruments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libena Tetrevova ◽  
Jan Svedik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Convertible Bonds ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Introductory Part

The paper deals with the problems of assessment of financial benefits of subordinated loans and convertible bonds. The paper authors aim to propose and verify methodology for assessment of the financial benefits of subordinated loans and convertible bonds. The introductory part characterizes the theoretical background of assessment of the financial benefits of the classic financing sources. Subsequently, the authors propose methodology for assessment of the financial benefits of subordinated loans and convertible bonds. The final part includes a case study that, using the proposed methodology, documents the outcomes of the comparison of the financial benefits of the mentioned instruments in the actual conditions of the Czech Republic.

‘Fishers of Men’: religion and political economy among colonized Tabwa

Africa ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphIn the late nineteenth century, Catholic missionaries among Tabwa southwest of Lake Tanganyika (now Zaire) sought to create a cohesive community of African Christians. The priests prohibited communal practice of Tabwa religion in the vicinity of their churches (established at points of densest population) and appropriated important means of food production like river-fishing grounds, for their own exploitation or to reward those loyal to them. As they enhanced their own economic and political influence, they contributed to Tabwa anomie, rather than community.

An American Political Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-179
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
Economic Discourse ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
National Economic ◽  
American Political Economy

Beginning with a discussion of the historical criticisms of American protectionism, this chapter moves quickly into a systematic review of the origins and arguments of protectionist political economy. The popularity and political influence of protectionism is indicated by the emergence of America as a bastion of nineteenth-century tariffs. Protectionism dominated nineteenth-century American economic discourse and was the essential expression of antebellum hybrid capitalism. By incorporating American exceptionalism, encouraging industrialization, celebrating the harmony between capital and labor, and pursuing methodological and theoretical values that were accepted across American culture, protectionism is presented as the most authentic manifestation of the antebellum economic mind. The economic ideologies of Alexander Hamilton, Matthew Carey, Daniel Raymond, Calvin Colton, and Friedrich List are explored. Each emphasized a nationalist concern in political economy, connecting political independence, especially from Britain, to national economic sovereignty.

‘A Routh O’ Auld Nick-Nackets’ – the antiquarian collection of John Rae

2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Paul Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
National Museums ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

John Rae, a Scottish antiquarian collector and spirit merchant, played a highly prominent role in the local natural history societies and exhibitions of nineteenth-century Aberdeen. While he modestly described his collection of archaeological lithics and other artefacts, principally drawn from Aberdeenshire but including some items from as far afield as the United States, as a mere ‘routh o’ auld nick-nackets' (abundance of old knick-knacks), a contemporary singled it out as ‘the best known in private hands' (Daily Free Press 4/5/91). After Rae's death, Glasgow Museums, National Museums Scotland, the University of Aberdeen Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, as well as numerous individual private collectors, purchased items from the collection. Making use of historical and archive materials to explore the individual biography of Rae and his collection, this article examines how Rae's collecting and other antiquarian activities represent and mirror wider developments in both the ‘amateur’ antiquarianism carried out by Rae and his fellow collectors for reasons of self-improvement and moral education, and the ‘professional’ antiquarianism of the museums which purchased his artefacts. Considered in its wider nineteenth-century context, this is a representative case study of the early development of archaeology in the wider intellectual, scientific and social context of the era.

Lord Dacre and the Politics of the Scottish Enlightenment

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Scottish History

Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord Dacre) made several iconoclastic interventions in the field of Scottish history. These earned him a notoriety in Scottish circles which, while not undeserved, has led to the reductive dismissal of Trevor-Roper's ideas, particularly his controversial interpretation of the Scottish Enlightenment, as the product of Scotophobia. In their indignation Scottish historians have missed the wider issues which prompted Trevor-Roper's investigation of the Scottish Enlightenment as a fascinating case study in European cultural history. Notably, Trevor-Roper used the example of Scotland to challenge Weberian-inspired notions of Puritan progressivism, arguing instead that the Arminian culture of north-east Scotland had played a disproportionate role in the rise of the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, working on the assumption that the essence of Enlightenment was its assault on clerical bigotry, Trevor-Roper sought the roots of the Scottish Enlightenment in Jacobitism, the counter-cultural alternative to post-1690 Scotland's Calvinist Kirk establishment. Though easily misconstrued as a dogmatic conservative, Trevor-Roper flirted with Marxisant sociology, not least in his account of the social underpinnings of the Scottish Enlightenment. Trevor-Roper argued that it was the rapidity of eighteenth-century Scotland's social and economic transformation which had produced in one generation a remarkable body of political economy conceptualising social change, and in the next a romantic movement whose powers of nostalgic enchantment were felt across the breadth of Europe.

Context Mediated

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Benjamin Pickford
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Ralph Waldo Emerson ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Economic Relation ◽  
Economic Agency

Benjamin Pickford, “Context Mediated: Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Political Economy of Plagiarism” (pp. 35–63) Context has long been a critical determiner of methodologies for literary studies, granting scholars the tools to make objective claims about a text’s political or economic relation to the situation of its genesis. This essay argues that Ralph Waldo Emerson anticipatively criticizes our commitment to such practices through his use of plagiarism—a literary mode that exemplifies the denial of the sovereignty of context. I focus on two core principles that underlie Emerson’s conception of literature’s civic role in Essays: Second Series (1844): first, that literature is driven by an impulse to decontextualize; second, that this means that it has a deep affinity with the deterritorializing logic of capital. Provocatively proposing Emerson as a theorist of the relation between literature and economics, I argue that Essays: Second Series shows how the literary text can negotiate its ineluctable culpability with capitalism, but this does not mean that it can presume to possess a privileged point of vantage that might deny such culpability. Given that this is precisely what much historicizing or contextualizing scholarship implies, I contend that Emerson gives us a case study in the limits of literature and criticism’s economic agency.

More than a “Petty Chief”: Understanding Fijian Chiefship through the Entrance Ceremony and Local History

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Hao-Li Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Local History

The diverse nature of Fiji’s chiefship and how its supremacy was strengthened by colonialism have already been closely examined. However, few studies have focused on village chiefs, who have limited authority and are at the lower end of regional chiefly hierarchies. Using both historical and ethnographic materials from a Fijian village, I argue here that its “petty chief,” as the role was called by nineteenth-century Westerners, is a powerful linkage to a past of stability represented by the chiefly title. This is particularly important for communities that have experienced historical turbulence. In this case study, it was mainly the measles crisis that caused population decline. The linkage is materialised by a standardised entrance ceremony in which the chiefly title is routinely acknowledged by foreign visitors through offerings (i-sevusevu) and thus elevated to a symbol that holds the community together. I also argue that the entrance ceremony that we observe today may have been prompted by Western contact. Through the analysis of the ceremony and local history, this study shows that the power of “petty chiefs” should be understood not solely by the structure of hierarchy, but also by their significance to historically turbulent communities.

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