scholarly journals Minor Modernisms: The Scottish Renaissance and the Translation of German-language Modernism

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-235
Author(s):  
Scott Lyall
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Experimental School ◽  
Hugh Macdiarmid ◽  
Lewis Grassic Gibbon

Germany has been epitomised in the twentieth century as Britain's main rival and adversary. Yet Scottish modernists were influenced by Germany and German-language modernism to think more internationally about their nation and work, a cultural encounter that took place largely in and through translation. Willa and Edwin Muir, who in the early 1920s stayed at educational modernist A. S. Neill's experimental school in Germany, translated German-language modernists such as Kafka and Broch. Hugh MacDiarmid utilised translations of Nietzsche to inform his call for a renascent Scotland. Lewis Grassic Gibbon would write Sunset Song after reading Gustav Frenssen's regional novel Jörn Uhl. Behind this lies the contention that the breakup of world empires, such as the British and Austro-Hungarian, occasioned minor modernisms (to adapt Deleuze and Guattari) such as that in Scotland, and that translation was central to the emergence, impact, and transnationality of the Scottish renaissance movement.

Disambiguation in the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The State ◽  
German Language ◽  
Sociological Tradition ◽  
Inverse Proportion

During the twentieth century historians and structural anthropologists developed kinship into a method for laying bare the mechanisms of history and human sociality. French Annaliste historians such as Marc Bloch and George Duby promoted kinship as a natural and primordial social structure, its vitality fluctuating in inverse proportion to the strength of institutions and the state. At the same time, German-language scholars refined kinship into a method for investigating the medieval aristocracy. This chapter examines the prosopographical research program advocated by Karl Schmid and Gerd Tellenbach, its intersection with the French sociological tradition, and the belief by the 1970s that the study of kinship could reveal the elemental processes of history. It concludes with the rebellion against structuralism and critiques the biogenetic and genealogical presuppositions that underpin the study of medieval kinship.

Celan, Paul (1920–1970)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Roelans
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Paul Celan ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Labor Camp ◽  
Graphic Artist ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Language Poets

Paul Celan (a pseudonym of Paul Antschel) is one the most distinctive German-language poets of the second half of the twentieth century. Born in 1920 in Czernowitz in the Bukovina (today Ukraine), into a German-speaking Jewish family, he grew up in a multicultural society where German, Rumanian, Ukrainian and Yiddish were spoken. In 1941 Czernowitz was occupied by the fascist Rumanian ‘National Legionnaire’ government, which started deportations. Celan’s parents died in 1942 in a Nazi labor camp. After the war Celan moved via Vienna to France, where he married the graphic artist Gisèle de Lestrange and worked as a lecturer in German. His reputation as a poet was established by the poem ‘Todesfuge’ (‘Death Fugue’), which recounts the experience of the death camps. His poems would, however, rapidly evolve into a darker, almost reticent style struggling with the possibility of representing the Shoah. Most of his poems are fairly short and are forced to revisit and reshape the German language after its moral destruction by the Nazis. Celan was awarded the most important German literary prize, the Georg Büchner Prize, but never felt comfortable in the German literary scene and was unnerved by neo-fascist activism. He translated a vast amount of poetry and prose from different languages into German and saw this achievement as equal to writing poetry. Seven volumes were published at the time of his death by suicide in Paris in 1970.

Minor Nation

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pershái
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Post Colonial

In the twentieth century, nationalism has become an unwritten yet strong hegemonic rule that prescribes and defines cultural configurations of statehood. In the context of post-socialist and post-colonial transformations in “expanding” Eastern Europe, nation building is a complicated and incoherent process: the nation’s canonic attributes may contradict the cultural and historical “circumstances” of the development of a particular nation. This article questions a complicated dynamic between theoretical frameworks of nationalism and their applications in Eastern European states, such as in Belarus. More specifically, it argues against the discursive conceptualization of Belarus as a “nonexistent” or “undeveloped” nation. This article suggests rethinking nation building in Belarus in relation to the notion of major/minor developed by Deleuze and Guattari. The author implies that the unusual mode of Belarusian nationalism is not only a part of a struggle for domination between different intellectual groups in Belarus; it is also an issue of relying on traditional scholarly paradigms of nationalism that may no longer suffice.

scholarly journals “La Questione Animale” di Anna Maria Ortese: Alonso e i visionari e l’etica del soccorso // “The Animal Question” and Anna Maria Ortese. Alonso and The Visionaries and the Ethics of Piety and Care // La cuestión animal y Anna Maria Ortese. Alonso y los visionarios y la ética de la piedad y del “socorro”

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Rossella Di Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Community ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Anna Maria Ortese ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Animal Question ◽  
Entire Planet

      L’elaborato si propone di analizzare il pensiero ecologico di Anna Maria Ortese, concentrandosi su Alonso e i visionari, testo che, seppur trascurato dal pubblico e dalla critica, può essere considerato il manifesto dell’intera poetica ortesiana. Il credo dell’autrice è infatti rivolto ad annullare la differenza tra umano e non umano, a combattere per l’inclusione dell’animale nel circolo etico, a difendere i diritti di tutti gli esseri viventi e non viventi, alla ricerca di una forma di pensiero più inclusiva e che si fondi su nuovi valori come l’amore, la pietà, la partecipazione al dolore e il “soccorso” a tutte le creature e alla Terra stessa. Propongo di rileggere Alonso e i visionari da una prospettiva ecologica al fine di dimostrare non solo come l’autrice partecipi al dibattito su “La questione animale” al centro degli studi sull’animalità, ma come anticipi spesso riflessioni e considerazioni di filosofi e pensatori del Novecento, tra cui Agamben, Cavalieri, Derrida, Deleuze e Guattari. Abstract      This essay aims to analyze Anna Maria Ortese’s ecological thought, which significantly distinguishes her last novel, Alonso e i visionari. I believe that the novel, which has been overlooked both by critics and by readers, can be considered as the manifesto of the author’s poetics. Indeed, it summarizes the writer’s tenets, devoted to annulling the difference between human and nonhuman world, to struggling for the animal’s inclusion in the moral community, to proposing an understanding of intelligence that combines reason, compassion, and care for both human and nonhuman beings as well as for the entire planet Earth itself. I suggest reading the novel from an ecocritical perspective to illustrate how Ortese anticipates Braidotti’s posthuman thought, and provides original theoretical frameworks and criteria for exploring fundamental issues of “The Animal Question” even before such themes commanded the attention of prominent twentieth-century philosophers such as Agamben, Cavalieri, Derrida, Deleuze, and Guattari. Resumen      Este ensayo analiza el pensamiento ecológico de Anna Maria Ortese y examina la novela Alonso e i visionari, que puede ser considerada como el manifiesto de la obra ortesiana, aunque la obra no tuvo gran éxito de público ni de crítica en el momento de su publicación. El credo de la autora pretende invalidar la diferencia entre humano y no humano, luchar por la inclusión de los animales en el círculo ético, defender los derechos de todos los seres, buscar una tipología de pensamiento más inclusiva y que se base no solo en la razón sino en nuevos valores como el amor, la piedad, la participación en el dolor y la ayuda a todas las criaturas que lo necesiten, lo que la autora llama emblemáticamente “soccorso”. Mi trabajo sugiere una lectura de la novela desde una perspectiva ecocrítica para mostrar que Ortese participa en el debate conocido como “La cuestión de los animales,” y de la misma manera, anticipa el pensamiento de Braidotti sobre el posthumano y algunas consideraciones de destacados filósofos del siglo XX, como Agamben, Cavalieri, Derrida, Deleuze y Guattari.

scholarly journals Hugh MacDiarmid and Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary1

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Michael H. Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Hugh Macdiarmid

Carl Schmitt’s Spatial Rhetoric

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Simons
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Spatial Rhetoric

By the end of the 1930s space (Raum) had become a common catchword in the writings of Carl Schmitt. This chapter argues that space was not merely a theme during this phase of his career, but was linked to a rhetorical strategy and mode of argumentation. Focusing on Land and Sea (1942) and “Nomos” of the Earth (1950), the first two sections show how Schmitt developed two contrasting modes of argumentation inextricably intertwined with his theory of space and the poetics of his writing. In the final section Agamben’s comments on Schmitt’s “topology” and the collaborative work A Thousand Plateaus by Deleuze and Guattari serve as case studies for recent reconfigurations of Schmitt’s spatial thought. The analysis of their appropriations of Schmitt points to major differences between his original perspective on space and these contemporary theories. Schmitt’s spatial theory is deeply rooted in the epistemology of the early twentieth century.

Beyond Faith and Reason

Poetics Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-393
Author(s):  
Silke Horstkotte
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
The World

This article approaches postsecularity from a historical angle by considering three recent German-language novels which reflect present-day ambivalences regarding religion and secularity through a genealogy of the present. Daniel Kehlmann’s Measuring the World, Ilija Trojanow’s Collector of Worlds, and Sibylle Lewitscharoff’s Blumenberg explore the gaps, fissures, and contradictions in the dichotomy of faith and reason which so haunts the present engagement with religion. They depict nineteenth- and twentieth-century protagonists who embrace a disenchanted outlook on the world, yet struggle with the specters of an older, enchanted cosmos. Through variants of the literary fantastic, and unreliable and polyperspectival narration, these books develop a view of the world that goes beyond facile dichotomies of faith and reason.

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