Taxi! The Modern Taxicab as Feminist Heterotopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-232
Author(s):  
Anne E. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Male Gaze ◽  
Real Place ◽  
Critical Relation ◽  
Transitional Mode ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Woman's Body

The taxicab operated as a crucial transitional mode of transport for bourgeois women, allowing them maximum power as spectators when it was still brave for a woman to be a pedestrian. The writings of Virginia Woolf, which so often depict bourgeois women coping with modernity, form the chief context in which to explore the role of the taxicab in liberating the modern woman. The taxi itself, clumsy and ungendered, encases a woman's body and protects her from the male gaze. At the same time, a woman in a taxi can look out upon the street or freely ignore it. As such, the taxi is a type of heterotopia: a real place but one which functions outside of and in a critical relation to, the norms of the rest of the community.

scholarly journals The Hierarchy of Walking Needs and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7461
Author(s):  
Mohammad Paydar ◽  
Asal Kamani Fard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Different Levels

More than 150 cities around the world have expanded emergency cycling and walking infrastructure to increase their resilience in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic. This tendency toward walking has led it to becoming the predominant daily mode of transport that also contributes to significant changes in the relationships between the hierarchy of walking needs and walking behaviour. These changes need to be addressed in order to increase the resilience of walking environments in the face of such a pandemic. This study was designed as a theoretical and empirical literature review seeking to improve the walking behaviour in relation to the hierarchy of walking needs within the current context of COVID-19. Accordingly, the interrelationship between the main aspects relating to walking-in the context of the pandemic- and the different levels in the hierarchy of walking needs were discussed. Results are presented in five sections of “density, crowding and stress during walking”, “sense of comfort/discomfort and stress in regard to crowded spaces during walking experiences”, “crowded spaces as insecure public spaces and the contribution of the type of urban configuration”, “role of motivational/restorative factors during walking trips to reduce the overload of stress and improve mental health”, and “urban design interventions on arrangement of visual sequences during walking”.

scholarly journals Metadiscourse as a Way of Achieving Persuasion in Literary Criticism Texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Dunya AlJazrawi ◽  
Zeena AlJazrawi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Persuasive Essays ◽  
Stanley Fish ◽  
Role Of The Reader

This study aims at examining the use of metadiscourse markers in literary criticism texts to identify the role of the reader and how these markers are used to produce more persuasive essays. The data of 72,727 words from 17 texts were written by three well-known authors, namely, T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf and Stanley Fish. Hyland’s (2005) model of interpersonal metadiscourse markers was used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed that metadiscourse markers are used by literary critics to create coherent and persuasive texts. It was found out that the theory of criticism adopted by the literary critics does not affect the use of metadiscourse markers only maybe in terms of relying more on logos, ethos or pathos. The results of this study comply with those of previous research showing that metadiscourse markers are frequently used in literary criticism texts. This study will contribute to both the literary genre and the genre of critical essays by identifying the linguistic features to be used to produce more effective and convincing literary criticism texts. It will also help future critics to write more persuasive texts by highlighting the means that enable them to influence their readers and to produce more coherent and convincing texts. Keywords metadiscourse; persuasion; literary criticism; essays; critical theory

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF USING MACHINOEKI AS PUSH FACTOR TO ENCOURAGE COMMUNITY WALKING IN TOWN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain ◽  
Nikmatul Adha Nordin ◽  
Nur Farhana Azmi ◽  
Osada Teppei ◽  
Akinori Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The Right ◽  
Push Factor

Prior studies have identified that enhancing a city’s walkability could be helpful in revitalizing an old, decayed or blighted downtown. While the benefits of walking are obvious and have been widely explored especially in terms of health and environment, this paper explores the potential of Machinoeki as a push factor in changing the mindset of a community about walking. A pilot survey was conducted to understand the interests of people in selecting their mode of transport and to communicate with the willingness of respondents to change their attitude by introducing facilities that can promote walking needs. To gather a collection of respondents and further to illustrate the role of Machinoeki, a simple random sampling method was used. The paper concludes that while Machinoeki has the right facilities to encourage walking, more research is needed to demonstrate the link between facilities with the community's preference for walking in town. In this analysis, however, we found that the Machinoeki components have the potential to be a push factor with respect to the positive responses of 72 percent of respondents to Machinoeki's ability to encourage walking. Keywords: Walkability, Machinoeki, Public Transportation, Taiping

scholarly journals Molecular machines operating on the nanoscale: from classical to quantum

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 328-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Goychuk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Machines ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Fluctuation Dissipation ◽  
Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem ◽  
Physical Features

The main physical features and operating principles of isothermal nanomachines in the microworld, common to both classical and quantum machines, are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the dual, constructive role of dissipation and thermal fluctuations, the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, heat losses and free energy transduction, thermodynamic efficiency, and thermodynamic efficiency at maximum power. Several basic models are considered and discussed to highlight generic physical features. This work examines some common fallacies that continue to plague the literature. In particular, the erroneous beliefs that one should minimize friction and lower the temperature for high performance of Brownian machines, and that the thermodynamic efficiency at maximum power cannot exceed one-half are discussed. The emerging topic of anomalous molecular motors operating subdiffusively but very efficiently in the viscoelastic environment of living cells is also discussed.

Feminist Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Male Gaze ◽  
Canon Formation ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Female Nude ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Feminist Aesthetics

This chapter summarizes central issues and themes in feminist philosophical aesthetics in the analytic tradition, although some continental figures are discussed. After introducing the interdisciplinary, intersectional and trans* inclusive approach that feminist aesthetics is starting to take, this essay discusses situatedness, artistic canon formation, humanism vs. gynocentrism, rewriting the philosophical canon, overcoming artworld biases, and the role of the aesthetic in systemic oppression. Specific topics to be discussed include the male gaze, the female nude, the concept of artistic genius, women’s artistic production, the purported universality of correct aesthetic judgment, the sex/gender distinction as it pertains to aesthetics and the arts, and body aesthetics.

Virginia Woolf in Greece: “Curious contrasts!”: Hellenism and Englishness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette McVicker
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Common People ◽  
Personal Loss ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Lytton Strachey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
With Memory

A young Virginia Stephen describes the rustic beauty of Salisbury plain and its surroundings (including Stonehenge) in an early voicing of Englishness in the 1903 journal. Three years later, Virginia visits Greece and Turkey, where she begins to contrast that developing sense of Englishness with other nationalisms (German, Greek and Turkish), both resisting and appropriating the language of the tourist. In addition to helping her formulate a sense of national identity, as a woman and a writer, these trips share another aspect: they are suffused by personal experiences of loss (Leslie Stephen’s declining health and death, and Thoby’s sudden death from typhoid). A similar weaving of personal loss with issues of national identity can be detected in her diary during her second journey to Greece in the company of Leonard, Roger and Margery Fry in 1932, prompted by the deaths of Lytton Strachey and Dora Carrington, and her return to the English countryside. This paper explores the relation that these specific journeys, 30 years apart, have to Woolf’s developing sense of tradition, history, and western civilization, and her own place as a writer. The interweaving of the rustic – peasants, common people, villages and natural places – with the history of ideas allows Woolf to reimagine the legacy of heritage for her dramatically changing times. That heritage, intimately bound up with death – whether neutralized as an ancestral past or bearing the sting of the lived present – shapes the way Woolf engages with memory, beauty, and the contemporary role of the English writer.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lounsberry
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Time ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Diary Writing ◽  
Experimental Stage ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

Virginia Woolf's diary is her longest, her longest sustained, and her last work to reach the public. The Introduction presents the book’s main argument, the new view that Woolf entered a second stage as a diarist (after her first experimental stage)—that of her mature, spare, modernist diaries of 1918 to 1929. Woolf deliberately curbs her number of diary entries per year in this second stage, pushing the periodic diary about as far as it can go and still convey a life. The Introduction also documents Woolf’s increasingly inward turn across the 1920s and her continued modernist experiments with form, especially with the fragment. A diary’s inherent oppositions, its “symmetry … of discords” (Woolf’s diary phrase) allowed Woolf to explore a string of paradoxes: continuity and discontinuity, motion and stasis, impersonal and personal time. The insights of the great French diary theorist Philippe Lejeune are used to undergird the book’s argument that diary-writing now becomes a way of life for Virginia Woolf, “life insurance” that brings high returns. The Introduction also previews the book’s second major insight: the heretofore unexplored role of other diaries in Woolf’s revered modernist works.

Misguided General

2018 ◽  
pp. 168-220
Author(s):  
Barbara Lounsberry
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Three Guineas ◽  
Greek Philosopher

Hitler takes his first prize, the Rhineland, unopposed in March 1936. Meanwhile, Virginia Woolf fights her own dramatic inner war across that year. Her 1936 diary reveals, more clearly than any other of her diaries, the diary's foundational role in Woolf's artistic renewal—a role she does not fully understand. With great clarity, we also see the role of other diaries in her renewals in 1936. In August 1936, amid a dangerous illness, Woolf reads the diaries of Bertrand Russell's parents, Lord and Lady Amberley. She lives again in their world and takes direction for Three Guineas. In early November, she reads Ellen Weeton's Journal of a Governess, and, in December, the diaries of Stephen MacKenna, who translated the Greek philosopher Plotinus into a melodious English. She also makes use of these diaries as she writes Three Guineas.

‘Quivering yet still’: Virginia Woolf, Roger Fry and the Aesthetics of Attention

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-75
Author(s):  
Claudia Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Still Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Relationship

When Virginia Woolf sought to evoke Roger Fry’s qualities as an art critic, she reached for the image of him as a humming-bird hawk-moth, ‘quivering yet still’ in his absorbed attention to Post-Impressionist paintings. This chapter argues that modes of ‘active’ stillness and receptive, vibratory states of being were crucial to Woolf’s experience and representation of art. It traces ‘quivering’ as a talismanic word across a range of her fiction and non-fiction, and explores the pervasive figure of the insect in Woolf’s re-imagining of the human sensorium, with particular focus on her essay Walter Sickert: A Conversation (1934), and on Sketch of the Past (1939). The second half of the chapter addresses Woolf’s underexplored biography of Roger Fry and her confrontation with the problem of ‘writing’ Fry under the imperative not to ‘fix’ her subject, but rather to register his ‘vibratory’ non-physical presence. It considers the role of vibration more widely in Woolf’s life-writing and in Fry’s art theory, in the context of twentieth-century spiritualism, Quakerism and new communication technologies. It proposes that by examining the different functions and meanings of still life (visual and verbal) in Woolf’s and Fry’s work, we can further illuminate their approach to the relationship between art and life.

A Methodology For Logistics Strategy Planning

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rushton ◽  
Richard Saw
Keyword(s):  
Logistics Strategy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Strategy Planning ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Optimization And Simulation ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Facility Size

Logistics strategy planning has often been undertaken either as a qualitative overview or as a self‐contained mathematical exercise, considering facility location, facility size and mode of transport. Here, the importance of evaluating the logistics alternatives in parallel with all other business considerations is developed as a standard approach. The role of computerized models for optimization and simulation is shown to be still an important part of the process. The use of the approach is illustrated by a case study considering the logistics of sourcing, manufacture, storage and supply of bulk chemical products throughout the whole of Europe. The alignment of logistics strategy with the business objectives is stressed as a key factor for success.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document