scholarly journals Did Slavery make Scotia great?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between slavery, the slave trade and British economic development remains a contested field of eighteenth century history. This article examines one hitherto unexplored aspect of the subject, the significance, if any, of profits derived from the slave-based economies of the Atlantic in Scotland's Great Leap Forward in the later eighteenth century. It is argued that because of the distinctive nature of Scottish development, compared to that of England, and the intimate connections between Scotland and plantation economies the question does merit serious consideration. The article, however, supports the traditional view that slave trading direct from Scottish ports was very limited, although Scottish merchants and mariners were often heavily involved in slave trafficking from London, Bristol and Liverpool. The key Scottish link was with the tobacco and sugar trades, plantation ownership in the Caribbean and as merchants, physicians, attorneys and overseers in the plantation economies. It is argued that in terms of both capital transfers and market opportunities slavery can indeed be considered one of the factors facilitating development in Scotland and was possibly a much more significant influence north of the border than in the industrialisation of England.

scholarly journals Formación y cultura escrita: los libros del agrimensor Francisco Falcón (1764)

2020 ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Amparo García Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Bibliographic Collection

This article approaches the study of the private library of the Murcian land surveyor Francisco Falcón de los Reyes, from the first half of the eighteenth century, which constitutes a clear example of the relationship between education and written culture. From the data extracted from a postmortem inventory and the subsequent appraisal and partition of goods among the heirs, we carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of said library. First, the text provides a biographical profile of this geometer, a descendant of slaves (new Christians), and describes the formative precariousness of these professionals in their time. The quantitative analysis of the bibliographic collection and its comparison with other private collections from similar socioeconomic fields indicate the importance of this particular collection. The qualitative study of authors and titles shows, on one hand, the high degree of mathematical training of the subject, who is shown to be a recipient of the fundamentally Valencian pre-illustrated reformist scientific mainstream, and, on the other hand, the purpose with which those books were incorporated into the funds of the collection. Together with the library, which we could call professional, due to its scientific nature, the inventoried religious matter in the form of printed documents makes up another interesting part of the collection, one of a catechetical nature in its various formative levels

France and the Slave Trade

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Alan Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Middle Passage ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Slave Ships ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Triangular Trade

The chapter begins with a short overview of France’s involvement in the Atlantic slave trade and shows how, by the second half of the eighteenth century, more and more merchants and investors became dazzled by the profits offered by a successful slave voyage. All the Atlantic ports engaged in the slave trade, though Nantes had the highest level of slaving and the greatest dependence on the triangular trade with west Africa and the Caribbean. The economics of a slave voyage are analysed, as well as the cargoes purchased for trading in Africa; the captains’ involvement in slave markets in both West Africa and the Caribbean; the risks run by the slave ships and their crews during the voyage; and the conditions that were endured below deck during the Middle Passage.

Income Inequality and Economic Development

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between economic development and income inequality has long been the subject of considerable debate. Economic growth has very different effects on poverty, depending on a country’s level of income inequality. In high inequality countries, economic growth that raises the overall level of income disproportionately tends to benefit the rich, whereas policies that encourage economic growth while reducing income inequality will greatly accelerate the achievement of poverty reduction goals. Thus, understanding how income inequality and economic development are linked is important for establishing economic growth policies that reduce poverty. The literature on the economic development–income inequality nexus in industrial society places emphasis on the causes of current social inequality. The central and most cited paper in the literature is S. Kuznets’s “Economic Growth and Income Inequality” (1955), which proposed an inverted U-shaped relationship between development and inequality over the course of industrialization. Some scholars have tried to build upon Kuznets’s theory by focusing on his claim that income inequality is a function of the nature of regulations put on the market. Other studies deal with the importance of studying the relationship between democracy and inequality, the effect of the nature of the government on shaping inequality compared to industrialization, and the implications of globalization for income inequality. This overview of the literature shows that there is little true consensus on the relationship between inequality and development and highlights two major areas for improvement: measurement and data quality.

Let whose people go? Subjecthood, sovereignty, liberation, and legalism in eighteenth-century Russo-Ottoman relations

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Release Processes

This article considers the relationship between law, diplomacy, and identity in delineating slavery and freedom in the Black Sea imperial milieu. Examining the release processes for captives which followed each of the many wars between the Ottoman and Russian empires in the eighteenth century, I argue that these matters were increasingly handled according to written and unwritten legal understandings, rather than through ransoms or threats. The two empires agreed that the Ottoman state would set free enslaved Russian subjects, even those in private hands, but also that the Russians would not demand the release of others. This discussion, therefore, offers a window on the legalization of international relations, and on the growing importance of individuals’ relationship with central states. Moreover, these understandings endured, consciously or unconsciously, into the nineteenth century, arguably shaping Russo-Ottoman and Ottoman-European relations on issues of intervention and the slave trade.

Developing the Recycle Economy - A Strategic Choice of Sustainable Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3361-3364
Author(s):  
Jia Yi Huang ◽  
Yi Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Recycle Economy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
The Relationship

As we enter the 21st Century, various countries in the world are faced with many challenges, such as overpopulation, shortage of resources and environmental deterioration. Developing recycle economy is one of the important ways to realize sustainable development. The purpose of recycle economy is to insure circulation utilization of resources and positive conversion of ecosystem on the premise of keeping economic development. Its mechanism should be "Government instructs, Enterprise acts, Society participates, Markets operate". Enterprise is the subject of economy, so the development of recycle economy must be put into effect in enterprises. In this paper, how to advance enterprise to develop recycle economy by carrying out environmentally friendly manufacturing methods and the relationship between government and enterprise in Game Theory are discussed. The thesis also provides some suggestions for government to promote the development of recycle economy.

scholarly journals Gambling Tourism and Economic Development: Some Lessons from Macao

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Metaxas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Alternative Tourism ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to explore and document the relationship between forms of alternative tourism and economic development. More specifically, the subject of this investigation will be whether a small national economy is able to rely wholly or largely on tourist flows as a source of income and even to invest in a single type of tourism. Alternative forms of tourism, gaming tourism as well as the features of territorially limited countries and how they are linked to the case of Macao will also be objects of study and annotation. With the process of text production through scientific articles, statistical data, and reliable databases, this article attempts to satisfy the investigated relationship as well as the stemming questions.

scholarly journals Urbanisation and Crime: A Case Study of Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4II) ◽  
pp. 741-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Hanzla Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Economics Of Crime ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Crime is an activity which is against the law and the fact that the linkage between criminal activities and the socio-economic development of the society is undeniable. Moreover, the relationship between crime and evolution of mankind may also be considered a historical one as Cain (first son of Adam and Eve) committed first crime when he murdered his brother Able because of jealousy. Due to the complex nature of the subject of crime, for example, regarding its causes and consequences, various academic disciplines such as criminology, sociology, geography, psychology and demography study it from their own perspective. A relatively new emerging field, however, is the economics of crime which tries to identify the socio-economic causes and consequences of criminal activities in a society.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Correlations Between Public Capital Investments and Economic Development in Romania

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Sava ◽  
Bogdan Zugravu
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to address the correlations between public capital investments and economic development in Romania. Firstly, it presents a brief literature review on the subject proposed for analysis, under which it can be assumed that public capital investments have a positive impact on production, employment, private sector and thus contribute to economic development. Also, we found some heterogeneity of results across country, regions and sectors. Secondly, it analysis the evolution of public capital investments and gross domestic product during 2006-2009 and also tests the relationship between this two variables, using a correlation coefficient, based on data from the general consolidated budget provided by The Ministry of Public Finance and also statistical data on GDP from National Institute of Statistics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Economic Development on Urbanization in Lebanon: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Hamdan ◽  
Mohamad Balouza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban Population Growth ◽  
The Relationship

The paper aims to study the evolution of urban growth in Lebanon as a developing country with respect to its economic development. Also, the dynamics of this relationship are to be explored and shed some light on the effect, if any, of economic development on Urbanization in Lebanon. Therefore, the study identifies through literature how economic development impacts urbanization. Finally, this paper advances the research on the subject topic in Lebanon beyond the restrictions and limitations of previous literature through empirical results. The study focuses on previous literature regarding the relation of economic development and urbanization. The study uses time-series OLS multi-variate egression anaylsis in the case of Lebanon from the year 1988-2018.GDP per capita, school enrolment and life expectancy were used tocapture the urban population growth, while ores and metals exports, manufacturing value added and agricultural value added were used as conrol variables. The results indicate a positive correlation and at least one co integrating equation between the variables. The results showed that two variables are significant with urban population at regional level supporting the expected hypothesis (GDP and school enrolment) and all other variables did not show any significant relation with urbanization in Lebanon. This study might be of interest providing insights on the relationship between urbanization and economic development specially for further studies in the field of urbanization. The study believes to contribute positively to understanding of urbanization and the creation to an innovative era of economic growth, luxury and improved resource allocation.

The Interesting Narrative

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaudah Equiano
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Caribbean

‘I hope the slave trade may be abolished. I pray it may be an event at hand.’ Published a few days before the British parliament first debated the abolition of the slave trade in 1789, Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative gives the author)s account of his enslavement after his childhood kidnapping in Africa, and his journey from slavery to freedom. Equiano was slave to a captain in the Royal Navy, and later to a Quaker merchant, and he vividly depicts the appalling treatment of enslaved people at sea and on land. He takes part in naval engagements, is shipwrecked, and has other exciting adventures on his travels to the Caribbean, America, and the Arctic. Equiano claimed his own freedom and became an important abolitionist, but his Narrative is much more than merely a political pamphlet. The most important African autobiography of the eighteenth century, it has achieved an increasingly central position among the century)s great works of literature. The introduction to this edition surveys recent debates about Equiano's birthplace and identity, and considers his campaigning role and literary achievements.

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