FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES AND STABILIZATION OF Ce3+ AND Tb3+ CODOPED CALCIUM CARBONATE PHOSPHOR TREATED IN AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE SOLUTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIYUKI KOJIMA ◽  
TAKESHI TOYAMA ◽  
TAMOTSU YASUE
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Fluorescence Properties ◽  
Phosphate Solution

Observations on the mineral metabolism of pullets. II

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Digestible Protein

1. Where heavy phosphorus excretion accompanies egg laying in the pullet the excretion of ammonia nitrogen is simultaneously increased. It is probable that this indicates an excretion of excess phosphate in the urine as ammonium phosphate.2. It is shown that heavy phosphorus excretion does not accompany egg laying provided the calcium carbonate intake is sufficiently high.3. The origin of the excess of phosphorus excretion is discussed in relation to calcium-phosphorus metabolism.4. Pullets on a ration containing 5 per cent, calcium carbonate laid eggs containing a higher percentage of P2O5 than pullets receiving a similar ration but from which the calcium carbonate supplement was omitted.5. Some evidence is put forward in support of the view that current standards pitch the requirements of digestible protein for egg production at too high a level.

scholarly journals A comparison between the combined effect of calcium carbonate with sucroferric oxyhydroxide and other phosphate binders: an in vitro and in vivo experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yaguchi ◽  
Kenji Akahane ◽  
Kumi Tsuchioka ◽  
Saori Yonekubo ◽  
Shota Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Lanthanum Carbonate ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Ferric Citrate ◽  
Phosphate Binders ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Phosphate Binding ◽  
Sevelamer Hydrochloride

Abstract Background Approximately 30% of patients on dialysis received combination therapy for their phosphate binder prescription; however, few studies for combined effects of phosphate binders are reported. For the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy, we compared the efficacy of sucroferric oxyhydroxide (PA21) combined with calcium carbonate with that of lanthanum carbonate hydrate, sevelamer hydrochloride, and ferric citrate hydrate combined with calcium carbonate. Methods For in vitro studies, calcium carbonate and the other phosphate binders alone or in combination were stirred in phosphate solution at pH 2–8 for 2 h. After centrifuging the suspension, the phosphorus level in the supernatant was determined. For in vivo studies, rats were orally administered calcium carbonate and the other phosphate binders (except for sevelamer hydrochloride) alone or in combination, followed by oral administration of phosphate solution adjusted to pH 2 or 7. Serum samples were collected from the rats at predetermined timepoints and the serum phosphorus levels were determined and analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. Results In the in vitro study, the measured phosphate-binding capacity of combining sevelamer hydrochloride, PA21, and lanthanum carbonate hydrate with calcium carbonate was approximately equal to or greater than the theoretical values under most conditions. Furthermore, these combined effects were insensitive to pH in that order. The measured phosphate-binding capacity of ferric citrate hydrate combined with calcium carbonate was smaller than the theoretical values, and the combination did not exhibit efficacy under any of the tested conditions. In the in vivo study, the combined effect of PA21 and calcium carbonate at both pH values and that of lanthanum carbonate hydrate and calcium carbonate at pH 2 were additive. In contrast, the combined effect of lanthanum carbonate hydrate and calcium carbonate at pH 7 and that of ferric citrate hydrate and calcium carbonate at pH 2 were antagonistic. Conclusions These results suggest that coadministration of PA21 and calcium carbonate showed good and relatively stable efficacy throughout the range of the gastrointestinal pH and that combining lanthanum carbonate hydrate and ferric citrate hydrate with calcium carbonate may not produce the expected efficacy under certain conditions.

Structural Optimization of Macroporous Magnesium Phosphate Scaffolds and their Cytocompatibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ewald ◽  
Bernhard Lochner ◽  
Uwe Gbureck ◽  
Jürgen Groll ◽  
Reinhard Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Polymer Infiltration

Mg-phosphate ceramics have aroused growing interest as bone replacement materials due to their ability to degrade under physiological conditions. To mimic cancelous bone and to promote tissue repair mechanisms a highly macroporous structure with open cells is desired. In this study trimagnesium phosphate (farringtonite, Mg3(PO4)2) and struvite ((NH4)Mg(PO4)·6H2O) scaffolds were developed as open cell foams using the Schwarzwalder-Somers technique and optimized for pore size and mechanical performance. Polyurethane (PU) foam (20-80 ppi) was used as a template. For the optimization of the farringtonite scaffolds, ppi number of the PU foam as well as the technique that was used to remove excess slurry were varied. Sample characterization was done by SEM, XRD and compression testing. For best results were obtained using 60 ppi PU foams leading to a compressive strength of 58 kPa (90 % porosity). Farringtonite scaffolds were modified by either polymer infiltration or transformation into struvite with an ammonium phosphate solution. The pore macrostructure was retained for both of these processes and a reduction of porosity was observed. The microstructure of struvite foams was significantly altered showing larger and more facetted crystals than farringtonite. Mechanical properties substantially improved by transformation into struvite to 730 kPa (68 % porosity). Cytocompatibility was tested using osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Cell number and cell activity (WST) were tested over a period of 3 to 13 days. Farringtonite foams showed a tendency for higher cell numbers than struvite, while the WST activity was similar. Infiltration of farringtonite with PLGA approximately doubled cell number compared to pure farringtonite. In conclusion macroporous Mg-phosphate foams have been successfully produced. Compressive strength of the foams was drastically improved by optimization of pore fineness, transformation to struvite and infiltration with PLGA. The open porous structure was retained and the materials showed good cytocompatibility.

PREPARATION OF A STABLE NON-INFECTIVE COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIGEN FOR HERPES SIMPLEX

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Polley
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Tissue Material

The soluble antigen of herpes simplex is prepared by grinding the specifically infected chorioallantoic membranes with one volume of saline, storage for 4 days at 4 °C to precipitate tissue material, followed by centrifugation for 1 hour at 10,000 r.p.m. (9000 g) to improve the specificity. Nine different methods of formaldehyde treatment were tried to determine the best procedure for the destruction of the infectivity while preserving the maximal antigenicity. Methods in which treatment was conducted at pH 6 destroyed considerable antigenicity whereas the methods using a pH of 8.5 were most successful. The method selected to inactivate the virus present in the herpes antigen involves treatment with 0.01% formaldehyde at 37 °C for 2 days at pH 8.5, followed by the addition of 0.25 cc of 30% dibasic ammonium phosphate solution per 100 cc of treated antigen. After treatment and neutralization the antigen can be lyophilized for stable storage.

Measurement of anticonvulsants in serum by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-501
Author(s):  
J A Christofides ◽  
D E Fry
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Drug Interference ◽  
Tetrabutyl Ammonium ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We describe a method for the simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of ethosuximide, ethylphenacemide, primidone, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin in serum. The drugs, together with an internal standard, are extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 7.0. The extract is analyzed isocratically at ambient temperature on a reversed-phase column of "SAS Hypersil" with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/tetrabutyl ammonium phosphate solution (2/8 by volume). The eluted drugs are detected by their absorption at 200 nm, and quantitated from their peak heights as compared with those of extracted standards. The day-to-day CV of the method varied between 5.1 and 9.6% for concentrations ranging from less than therapeutic to toxic. The results, when compared with those by gas chromatography, gave correlation coefficients of 0.936 for phenytoin, 0.977 for phenobarbital, and 0.939 for primidone. No drug interference was found except that amobarbital and ethylphenacemide co-chromatographed.

Measurement of anticonvulsants in serum by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Christofides ◽  
D E Fry
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Drug Interference ◽  
Tetrabutyl Ammonium ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We describe a method for the simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of ethosuximide, ethylphenacemide, primidone, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin in serum. The drugs, together with an internal standard, are extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 7.0. The extract is analyzed isocratically at ambient temperature on a reversed-phase column of "SAS Hypersil" with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/tetrabutyl ammonium phosphate solution (2/8 by volume). The eluted drugs are detected by their absorption at 200 nm, and quantitated from their peak heights as compared with those of extracted standards. The day-to-day CV of the method varied between 5.1 and 9.6% for concentrations ranging from less than therapeutic to toxic. The results, when compared with those by gas chromatography, gave correlation coefficients of 0.936 for phenytoin, 0.977 for phenobarbital, and 0.939 for primidone. No drug interference was found except that amobarbital and ethylphenacemide co-chromatographed.

SYNTHESIS AND ELECTRORHEOLOGY OF PHOSPHATE CELLULOSE SUSPENSIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2487-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. KIM ◽  
Y. H. CHO ◽  
H. J. CHOI ◽  
M. S. JHON
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Solution ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Shear Modes ◽  
Er Damper ◽  
Er Fluids

As a candidate for the development in electrorheological (ER) materials, phosphate cellulose (PC) particles were synthesized from the phosphate–ester reaction between cellulose particles and ammonium phosphate solution prepared from six different molar concentrations of phosphoric acid. The synthesized particles were then dispersed in silicone oil to prepare the PC-based anhydrous ER fluid. The effects of electric field strength and particle concentration on the ER performance were investigated with both steady shear and dynamic oscillatory shear modes. The ER system with PC particles formed with a 2 M phosphoric acid solution exhibited the highest yield stress. A difference in the flow behavior of the PC-based ER fluids was also analyzed via the dielectric spectra using an impedance analyzer. We adapted the PC-based ER fluids to the semi-active ER damper and the examined their damping characteristics.

scholarly journals La Alcalinidad Y La Nitrificación En Una Laguna Aireada A Escala Piloto

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Agustín Leiva Pérez ◽  
Edison Macías Andrade ◽  
Joffre A. Andrade Candell ◽  
Ana M. Aveiga Ortiz ◽  
Sergio S. Alcívar Pinargote
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
The Relationship

It was studied the relationship among means alkalinity concentration as calcium carbonate, and the nitrification process in an aerated oxidation lagoon in batch and pilot scale (1,72 m3 as total volume and 1,46 m3 as effective one) working on a residual synthetic liquid, elaborated with base in sucrose, sulfate and ammonium phosphate. The results demonstrated that when being increased the initial alkalinity in the range from 120 to 360 mg CaCO3/dm3, the nitrification process efficiency increased significantly until the surroundings of the 86%, decreasing when being this with smaller and bigger values that said range. The dissolved oxygen concentration stayed around 4,3 mg/dm3, belonging together with the aerobic character of the microorganisms for nitrification (Nitrosomona and Nitrobacter). The initial concentration of total nitrogen in each one of the 14 processes batch was 38 mg/dm3 and the same one went down to minimum values around 4,56 mg/dm3.

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Infection Stones

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T Gomella ◽  
Patrick W Mufarrij
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Treatment Of Infection

Infection stones are a well-known clinical entity that can cause significant long-term morbidity and even mortality if not treated appropriately. Infection stones are primarily composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium carbonate apatite. These stones form in alkaline urine containing ammonium. This environment is generated by infection with urease-producing organisms. Definitive treatment is aimed at removal of all stone. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is typically the procedure of choice. Medical therapy can be used as an adjunct to surgery or as primary treatment in patients who are not surgical candidates. This review contains 8 highly rendered figures, 4 tables, and 72 references Key words: Infection stone; struvite; percutaneous nephrolithotomy; urease; dissolution therapy; magnesium ammonium phosphate; calcium carbonate apatite

Synthesis of Albumin/DCP Nano-Composite Particles

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Ohsawa ◽  
Atsuo Ito ◽  
Yu Sogo ◽  
Atsushi Yamazaki ◽  
Tadao Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Nano Composite

Highly disgregated dicalcium phosphate anhydrate (DCP) nanoparticles 240-367 nm in diameter were synthesized by a reaction between calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid. When the DCP nanoparticles were immersed in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ethanol, BSA/DCP nano-composite particles were synthesized through the coprecipitation of BSA on the DCP nanoparticles. BSA was firmly immobilized on the BSA/DCP nano-composite particles. The results of this study suggest that DCP nanoparticles appear to be useful as a drug delivery vehicle.

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