scholarly journals Comparison of methods used for evaluation of mutagenicity/genotoxicity of model chemicals - parabens

2020 ◽  
pp. S661-S679
Author(s):  
J Chrz ◽  
B Hošíková ◽  
L Svobodová ◽  
D Očadlíková ◽  
H Kolářová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test

Growing worldwide efforts to replace (reduce) animal testing and to improve alternative in vitro tests which may be more efficient in terms of both time, cost and scientific validity include also genotoxicity/mutagenicity endpoints. The aim of the review article was to summarize currently available in vitro testing approaches in this field, their regulatory acceptance and recommended combinations for classification of chemicals. A study using the combination of Comet Assay performed on two cell lines and the Chromosomal Aberration test on human peripheral lymphocytes was performed with the aim to predict the genotoxic potential of selected paraben esters, serving as a model chemical group. Parabens are widely used in consumer products as preservatives and have been reported to exhibit inconclusive results in numerous genotoxicity studies. The Comet Assay identified Ethylparaben and Benzylparaben as potentially genotoxic. The Chromosomal Aberration test revealed weak genotoxic potential in case of Ethylparaben and positive genotoxicity in case of Butylparaben, Propylparaben and Isopropylparaben. The main reasons for variability seem to be limited water solubility of parabens, determining their bioavailability at the cellular level, and absence of metabolic activation in the Comet Assay. The results confirmed that the Comet Assay should serve as a screening test and should not be used as a stand-alone method for classification of genotoxicity. The weight of evidence approach in risk assessment should be supported with data generated with the use of human relevant in vitro methods based on cells / tissues of human origin.

scholarly journals Assessment of the genotoxic potential of Lake Skadar sediments using Ames test and comet assay on the fish cell line RTL-W1

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perovic ◽  
Svetlana Perovic ◽  
L. Erdinger ◽  
H. Hollert
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Permanent Cell ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Lake Skadar

In this study we evaluated the genotoxic potential of surface sediment extracts of Lake Skadar using a combination of two in vitro tests: the Comet assay on the fibroblast-like permanent cell line RTL-W1, and the Ames test on the strain Salmonella typhimurium TA98. The obtained results show that both tests were successful in determining the genotoxic potential in the sediment organic fractions. They possess enough sensitivity to detect early warning signals and evaluate the genotoxic potential in sediments of the Lake. The genotoxic potential was recorded and compared in the sediment samples from different locations on the Lake Skadar.

scholarly journals Breakpoints for the Classification of Anti-Candida Compounds in Antifungal Screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Danielle da Nóbrega Alves ◽  
Alana Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Allana Brunna Sucupira Duarte ◽  
Ana Karoline Vieira Melo ◽  
Damião Pergentino de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Reference Strains

Introduction. The absence of a standardized classification scheme for the antifungal potency of compounds screened against Candida species may hinder the study of new drugs. This systematic review proposes a scheme of interpretative breakpoints for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bioactive compounds against Candida species in in vitro tests. Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, and SciFinder databases for the period from January 2015 to April 2020. The following inclusion criterion was used: organic compounds tested by the microdilution technique according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol against reference strains of the genus Candida. A total of 545 articles were retrieved after removing duplicates. Of these, 106 articles were selected after applying the exclusion criteria and were evaluated according to the number of synthesized molecules and their chemical classes, the type of strain (reference or clinical) used in the antifungal test, the Candida species, and the MIC (in μg/mL) used. Results. The analysis was performed based on the median, quartiles (25% and 75%), maximum, and minimum values of four groups: all strains, ATCC strains, C. albicans strains, and C. albicans ATCC strains. The following breakpoints were proposed to define the categories: MIC < 3.515   μ g / mL (very strong bioactivity); 3.516-25 μg/mL (strong bioactivity); 26-100 μg/mL (moderate bioactivity); 101-500 μg/mL (weak bioactivity); 500-2000 μg/mL (very weak bioactivity); and >2000 μg/mL (no bioactivity). Conclusions. A classification scheme of the antifungal potency of compounds against Candida species is proposed that can be used to identify the antifungal potential of new drug candidates.

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