scholarly journals Electrospun nanofibers as support for the healing of intestinal anastomoses

2019 ◽  
pp. S517-S525
Author(s):  
M. Kralovic ◽  
M. Vjaclovsky ◽  
A. Kestlerova ◽  
F. Rustichelli ◽  
J. Hoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Anastomosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Intestinal Anastomoses ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The breakdown of intestinal anastomosis is a serious postsurgical complication. The worst complication is anastomotic leakage, resulting in contaminated peritoneal cavity, sepsis, multi-organ failure and even death. In problematic locations like the rectum, the leakage rate has not yet fallen below 10 %. Such a life-threatening condition is the result of impaired healing in the anastomotic wound. It is still vital to find innovative strategies and techniques in order to support regeneration of the anastomotic wound. This paper reviews the surgical techniques and biomaterials used, tested or published. Electrospun nanofibers are introduced as a novel and potential material in gastrointestinal surgery. Nanofibers possess several, unique, physical and chemical properties, that may effectively stimulate cell proliferation and collagen production; a key requirement for the healed intestinal wound.

scholarly journals Heavy Silicone Oil and Intraocular Inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Morescalchi ◽  
Ciro Costagliola ◽  
Sarah Duse ◽  
Elena Gambicorti ◽  
Barbara Parolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intraocular Inflammation ◽  
Retinal Breaks ◽  
Oxane Hd ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the past two decades, many advances have been made in vitrectomy instrumentation, surgical techniques, and the use of different tamponade agents. These agents serve close retinal breaks, confine eventual retinal redetachment, and prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Long-acting gases and silicone oil are effective internal tamponade agents; however, because their specific gravity is lower than that of the vitreous fluid, they may provide adequate support for the superior retina but lack efficacy for the inferior retina, especially when the fill is subtotal. Thus, a specific role may exist for an internal tamponade agent with a higher specific gravity, such as heavy silicone oils (HSOs), Densiron 68, Oxane HD, HWS 45-300, HWS 46-3000, and HeavySil. Some clinical evidence seems to presume that heavy tamponades are more prone to intraocular inflammation than standard silicone if they remain in the eye for several months. In this review, we discuss the fundamental clinical and biochemical/molecular mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response after the use of heavy tamponade: toxicity due to impurities or instability of the agent, direct toxicity and immunogenicity, oil emulsification, and mechanical injury due to gravity. The physical and chemical properties of various HSOs and their efficacy and safety profiles are also described.

BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2030001
Author(s):  
ZHANG YANCONG ◽  
DOU LINBO ◽  
MA NING ◽  
WU FUHUA ◽  
NIU JINCHENG
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Nanofiber Diameter ◽  
Surface Microscopy ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Electrospun technology is a simple and flexible method for preparation of nanofiber materials with unique physical and chemical properties. The nanofiber diameter is adjustable from several nanometers to few microns during the preparation. Electrospun nanofiber materials are easy to be assembled into different shapes of three-dimensional structures. These materials exhibit high porosity and surface area and can simulate the network structures of collagen fibers in a natural extracellular matrix, thereby providing a growth microenvironment for tissue cells. Electrospun nanofibers therefore have extensive application prospects in the biomedicine field, including in aerospace, filtration, biomedical applications, and biotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize many fields, such as surface microscopy, silicon fabrication, biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, and computational engineering, while the advent of nanofibers has increased the understanding of nanotechnology among academia, industry, and the general public. This paper mainly introduces the application of nanofiber materials in tissue engineering, drug release, wound dressing, and other biomedicine fields.

scholarly journals Stabilization and Incipient Carbonization of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Fixated on Aluminum Substrates

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Jan Lukas Storck ◽  
Timo Grothe ◽  
Khorolsuren Tuvshinbayar ◽  
Elise Diestelhorst ◽  
Daria Wehlage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Oxidative Stabilization ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Aluminum Substrates ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subsequent Stabilization

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, prepared by electrospinning, are often used as a precursor for carbon nanofibers. The thermal carbonization process necessitates a preceding oxidative stabilization, which is usually performed thermally, i.e., by carefully heating the electrospun nanofibers in an oven. One of the typical problems occurring during this process is a strong deformation of the fiber morphologies—the fibers become thicker and shorter, and show partly undesired conglutinations. This problem can be solved by stretching the nanofiber mat during thermal treatment, which, on the other hand, can lead to breakage of the nanofiber mat. In a previous study, we have shown that the electrospinning of PAN on aluminum foils and the subsequent stabilization of this substrate is a simple method for retaining the fiber morphology without breaking the nanofiber mat. Here, we report on the impact of different aluminum foils on the physical and chemical properties of stabilized PAN nanofibers mats, and on the following incipient carbonization process at a temperature of max. 600 °C, i.e., below the melting temperature of aluminum.

Immunosuppressant Strategies for Intestinal Transplantation: A Review of a Tolerogenic Regimen

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Flynn ◽  
Beverly Kosmach Park ◽  
Geoffrey Bond ◽  
William McGhee ◽  
George Mazariegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Transplantation ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Maintenance Immunosuppression ◽  
Life Threatening

Intestinal, combined liver-intestinal, and multivisceral transplantation are now considered the standard of care for children and adults with permanent intestinal failure. Early attempts at intestinal transplantation were discouraging because of the high incidence of technical complications, rejection, and infection. Advances in the field of transplantation, including the introduction of tacrolimus, improved surgical techniques, and improvements in postoperative care, have led to a renewed interest in intestinal transplantation since 1990. The most significant achievement, however, has been the effective control of rejection and life-threatening infections. This article focuses on the experience to date of innovative strategies that induce lymphocyte depletion and reduction in the incidence of rejection. In this setting, low-maintenance immunosuppression is clinically achievable with an acceptable rate of allograft rejection. Subsequently, the long-term complications of immunosuppression are significantly reduced with achievement of better long-term survival, and an overall improvement in the quality of life.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Fatty Oils into Electrospun Nanofibers for Cosmetic Products with Antioxidant Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Miletić ◽  
Branimir Pavlić ◽  
Ivan Ristić ◽  
Zoran Zeković ◽  
Branka Pilić
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Active compounds derived from pomegranate and sea-buckthorn were encapsulated into polylactide (PLA-based fibers) and poly(vinyl-pirrolidone) (PVP-based fibers) nanofibers using electrospinning technique. The focus was on the antioxidant activity of prepared nonwovens. Morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties were also examined. Due to the different physical and chemical properties of the basic polymers, the obtained results indicate that PLA-based fibers have better antioxidant activity than PVP-based ones. All prepared samples were formed from bead-less continuous fibers networks, but in the case of PLA-based samples some small irregularities in the structure occurred. Mechanical properties were improved with the addition of active compounds in most of the cases, while thermal properties were slightly affected. Preserved antioxidant activity of active compounds by encapsulation and good material properties significant for manipulation, make these functional materials promising candidates for application in cosmetics.

scholarly journals Zirconia Based Dental Biomaterials: Structure, Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility, Surface Modification, and Applications as Implant

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Lin ◽  
Cuilan Yin ◽  
Anchun Mo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Zirconia, with its excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and negligible thermal conductivity, is ideal for dental and orthopedic applications. In addition, the biocompatibility of zirconia has been studied in vivo, and no adverse reactions were observed when zirconia samples were inserted into bone. However, their use is controversial among dentists and researchers, especially when compared with mature implants made of titanium alloy. The advantages and limitations of zirconia as biomaterials, such as implant materials, need to be carefully studied, and the design, manufacture, and clinical operation guidelines are urgently required. In this review, the special components, microstructure, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and the application of zirconia ceramics in biomaterials are detailly introduced. The review highlights discussions on how to implement innovative strategies to design the physical and chemical properties of zirconia so that the treated zirconia can provide better osteointegration after implantation.

scholarly journals Development of the Functionalized Nanocomposite Materials for Adsorption/Decontamination of Radioactive Pollutants

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2896
Author(s):  
Gyo Eun Gu ◽  
Joonwon Bae ◽  
Ho Seok Park ◽  
Jin-Yong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
One Step ◽  
Cyano Groups ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A polymer-based nanofiber membrane with a high specific surface area, high porosity and abundant adsorption sites is demonstrated for selective trapping of radionuclides. The Prussian blue (PB)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber composites were successfully prepared through a one-step, single-nozzle electrospinning method. Various analytical techniques were used to examine the physical and chemical properties of PB nanoparticles and electrospun nanofibers. It is possible to enhance binding affinity and selectivity to radionuclide targets by incorporation of the PB nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. It is noteworthy that the maximum 133Cs adsorption capacity of hte PB/PMMA nanofiber filter is approximately 28 times higher than that of bulk PB, and the removal efficiency is measured to be 95% at 1 ppm of 133Cs. In addition, adsorption kinetics shows that the PB/PMMA nanofiber has a homogenous surface for adsorption, and all sites on the surface have equal adsorption energies in terms of ion-exchange between cyano groups of the introduced PB nanoparticles and radionuclides.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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