scholarly journals Application of adult mesenchymal stem cells in bone and vascular tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Trávníčková ◽  
Lucie Bačáková
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Tissue engineering is a very promising field of regenerative medicine. Life expectancy has been increasing, and tissue replacement is increasingly needed in patients suffering from various degenerative disorders of the organs. The use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (e.g. from adipose tissue or from bone marrow) in tissue engineering seems to be a promising approach for tissue replacements. Clinical applications can make direct use of the large secretome of these cells, which can have a positive influence on other cells around. Another advantage of adult mesenchymal stem cells is the possibility to differentiate them into various mature cells via appropriate culture conditions (i.e. medium composition, biomaterial properties, and dynamic conditions). This review is focused on current and future ways to carry out tissue replacement of damaged bones and blood vessels, especially with the use of suitable adult mesenchymal stem cells as a potential source of differentiated mature cells that can later be used for tissue replacement. The advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell sources are discussed, with a main focus on adipose-derived stem cells. Patient factors that can influence later clinical applications are taken into account.

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

Vessel graft fabricated by the on-site differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells towards vascular cells on vascular extracellular matrix scaffold under mechanical stimulation in a rotary bioreactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2703-2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Alex P. Rickel ◽  
Hanna J. Sanyour ◽  
Zhongkui Hong
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Scaffold

Stem cell differentiation on a decellularized native blood vessel scaffold under mechanical stimulation for vascular tissue engineering.

Behavior of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin-Based Vascular Tissue Engineering Constructs

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin D. O’Cearbhaill ◽  
Mary Murphy ◽  
Frank Barry ◽  
Peter E. McHugh ◽  
Valerie Barron
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering

scholarly journals Valproic Acid Promotes Early Neural Differentiation in Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Protein Signalling Pathways

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerran Santos ◽  
Thibaut Hubert ◽  
Bruce K Milthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Regenerative medicine is a rapidly expanding area in research and clinical applications. Therapies involving the use of small molecule chemicals aim to simplify the creation of specific drugs for clinical applications. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have recently shown the capacity to differentiate into several cell types applicable for regenerative medicine (specifically neural cells, using chemicals). Valproic acid was an ideal candidate due to its clinical stability. It has been implicated in the induction of neural differentiation; however, the mechanism and the downstream events were not known. In this study, we showed that using valproic acid on adult mesenchymal stem cells induced neural differentiation within 24 h by upregulating the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), without increasing the potential death rate of the cells. Through this, the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is downregulated, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is activated. The bioinformatics analyses revealed the expression of several neuro-specific proteins as well as a range of functional and structural proteins involved in the formation and development of the neural cells.

The Effects of Mechanical and Chemical Stimuli on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Vascular Trans-Differentiation and Paracrine Signaling

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Wingate ◽  
Yan Tan ◽  
Wei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) show great promise for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by tissue engineering and cell therapy. MSCs are particularly useful for vascular therapies as they are easily obtainable, allogenic, trans-differentiate into specific vascular cells, and assist in regenerating vascular tissue through paracrine signaling. [1] However, the mechanisms which direct MSC trans-differentiation and paracrine signaling are not well defined. [2] Incorrect differentiation of MSC can lead to catastrophic side effects such as the development of a dysfunctional endothelium. [3] To safely utilize these cells for the treatment of vascular diseases it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms that direct MSC differentiation and paracrine signaling.

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