scholarly journals Mitochondrial Adaptations in Aged Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Exercise Training

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. ZIAALDINI ◽  
S. R. A. HOSSEINI ◽  
M. FATHI
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects ◽  
Mitochondrial Adaptations

The aging process is associated with a decline in mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria dysfunction is involved in initiation and progression of many health problems including neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. It is well known that endurance exercise improves mitochondrial function, especially in the elderly. However, recent studies have demonstrated that resistance training lead also to substantial increases in mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training in healthy elderly subjects, can help practitioners to design and prescribe more effective exercise trainings.

scholarly journals Arginine behaviour after arginine or citrulline administration in older subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moinard ◽  
J. Maccario ◽  
S. Walrand ◽  
V. Lasserre ◽  
J. Marc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

AbstractArginine (ARG) and its precursor citrulline (CIT) are popular dietary supplements, especially for the elderly. However, age-related reductions in lean body mass and alterations in organ functions could change their bioavailability. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance to amino acid (AA) loads are poorly documented in elderly subjects. The objective here was to characterise the plasma kinetics of CIT and ARG in a single-dosing study design. Eight fasting elderly men underwent two separate isomolar oral loading tests (10 g of CIT or 9·94 g of ARG). Blood was withdrawn over an 8-h period to measure plasma AA concentrations. Only CIT, ornithine and ARG plasma concentrations were changed. Volume of distribution was not dependent on AA administered. Conversely, parameters related to ARG kinetics were strongly dependent on AA administered: after ARG load, elimination was higher (ARG>CIT; P=0·041) and admission period+time at peak concentration was lower (ARG<CIT; P=0·033), and the combination of both phenomena results in a marked increase in ARG availability when CIT was administered (ARG<CIT; P=0·033) compared with ARG administration itself. In conclusion, a single CIT administration in the elderly is safe and well tolerated, and CIT proves to be a better in vivo ARG precursor than ARG itself in healthy elderly subjects.

Effect of aging on susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1628-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schmuck ◽  
C J Fuller ◽  
S Devaraj ◽  
I Jialal
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

Abstract According to the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program, age is a major risk factor for heart disease. To assess the relation between age and LDL oxidizability, we studied copper-mediated LDL oxidation in 13 healthy elderly subjects (&gt; 59 years) and 13 sex-matched healthy young controls (&lt; 30 years). Total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased in elderly subjects. The time course of copper-mediated LDL oxidation showed no significant differences between the two groups as assessed by formation of conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides, and apolipoprotein B fluorescence. Kinetics of LDL oxidation as quantified by lag time, oxidation rate, and maximal oxidation were not significantly different between the elderly and young groups. Although the concentrations of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:3, and 20:4 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in the elderly group, LDL fatty acid concentrations were similar in both groups. Lipid-standardized alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbate concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. The findings of the present study suggest that in the healthy elderly, LDL oxidation may not be a crucial mediator for atherogenesis.

scholarly journals Impact of Aging on Urinary Excretion of Iron and Zinc

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. NMI.S12977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Pfrimer ◽  
Rutinéia Fátima Micheletto ◽  
Julio Sergio Marchini ◽  
Gilberto João Padovan ◽  
Julio cesar Moriguti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

Project Data about the influence of aging on urinary excretion of iron and zinc are scarce. The objective of the present study was to compare the concentration of zinc and iron in the urine of healthy elderly subjects and younger adults. Procedure Seven healthy elderly subjects and seven younger adults were selected and submitted to biochemical, clinical, and nutritional tests. After a fasting period, 12-hour urine was collected for the determination of iron and zinc concentrations by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results Urinary zinc and iron concentrations of the elderly subjects were not significantly different from that of younger adults. However, the total zinc and iron urinary clearance in 24 hours for the elderly was significantly higher compared with that of younger adults. Conclusion There is an increase in urinary iron and zinc clearance with aging. The values reported in this manuscript may be used as references in future studies.

Down training of the elderly soleus H reflex with the use of a spinally induced balance perturbation

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Mynark ◽  
David M. Koceja
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the elderly central nervous system to modulate spinal reflex output to functionally decrease a spinally induced balance perturbation. In this case, the soleus H reflex was used as the source of perturbation. Therefore, decreasing (down training) of the soleus H reflex was necessary to counteract this perturbation and to better maintain postural control. In addition to assessing the effect of this perturbation on the H reflex, static postural stability was measured to evaluate possible functional effects. Ten healthy young subjects (age: 27.0 ± 4.6 yr) and 10 healthy elderly subjects (age: 71.4 ± 5.1 yr) participated in this study. Subjects underwent balance perturbation on 2 consecutive days. On day 1 of perturbation, significant down training of the soleus H reflex was demonstrated in both young (−20.4%) and elderly (−18.7%) subjects. On day 2 of perturbation, significant down training of the soleus H reflex was again demonstrated in both young (−24.6%) and elderly (−21.0%) subjects. Analysis of static stability after the 2 days of balance perturbation revealed a significant 10.1% decrease in the area of sway in elderly subjects. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that healthy, elderly subjects compared with young subjects were equally capable of down training the soleus H reflex in response to a balance perturbation. Furthermore, the improvement in static stability through balance training may provide further evidence that balance can be retrained and rehabilitated in subjects with decreased reflex function.

scholarly journals Communication map of elderly people: Sociodemographic and cognitive-linguistic aspects

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Marcela Lima Silagi ◽  
Aline Rufo Peres ◽  
Eliane Schochat ◽  
Leticia Lessa Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Token Test ◽  
Tip Of The Tongue ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

ABSTRACT Language and communication difficulties may occur in the elderly population. This is the case of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and receptive and auditory comprehension difficulties. Few studies have focused on examining the effects of social exposure on maintaining communication in the aging process. Objectives: [1] To describe the communication map of healthy elderly subjects; [2] To search for associations between frequency and time dedicated to communication and cognitive and sociodemographic factors. Methods: Healthy elderly subjects were submitted to cognitive screening, the Token Test - Revised, and the Verbal Fluency test, and answered the ASHA-FACS and the Circles of Communication Partners questionnaires. Results: 55 subjects, 67% female, with ages over 60 years and varied schooling were included in the sample. Interlocutors in the circle of close friends and acquaintances predominated in the communication map, although the time devoted to communication with these partners was lower than in other circles. Overall, the elderly reported no deficits in language comprehension, with some reports of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Poor performances on the Token Test - Revised and in phonemic verbal fluency along with reports of communication functionality indicated that these subjects compensate for their problems. Conclusion: Older subjects with lower schooling tended to predominantly communicate within the family circle. Within other circles, the number of hours devoted to communication and dialogue partners was not associated with age or schooling. The time devoted to the circle of communication with friends may indicate cognitive difficulties.

scholarly journals Effect of six months' exercise training on C-reactive protein levels in healthy elderly subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J.K. Hammett ◽  
Helen C. Oxenham ◽  
J. Chris Baldi ◽  
Robert N. Doughty ◽  
Rohan Ameratunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

scholarly journals A RANDOMISED DOUBLE-BLIND CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE AND COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF VRIDDADARU RASAYANA WITH BHARGAVAPROKTA RASAYANA ON AGEING IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Manasa H P ◽  
Yogeesha Acharya ◽  
Sandesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
General Body ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects ◽  
Apparently Healthy

According to estimation, India currently has 6.7% over 65 years of age, which is expected to increase to 20% by the year 2050. As growing old is a part of the life cycle, the effect of time is bound to happen and is unavoidable. The Kalajajara is a Swabhavika vyadhi, wherein, it is clearly mentioned that Swabhava balapravritta vyadhis being Yapya, can be managed through Bhojana, Paana, and Rasayana. Vriddadaru Rasayana is one such Rasayana mentioned in Gadanigraha especially for the elderly to promote healthy ageing and helping to prevent old age problems. Aims and objectives: To assess the effect of Vriddadaru Rasayana in improving the general body health and quality of life in the apparently healthy elderly subjects. Methodology– A Randomized double blind clinical study where 20 healthy elderly subjects were administered with Vriddadaru Rasayana for a period of 12 weeks. Observations and Results- Vriddadaru rasayana showed improvement in Ayurvedic parameters like Twakparushata, Slataasti, Slata sandhi, Utasahahani and Parakramahani but when compared with regard to objective parameters Vriddadaru rasayana showed significant values in DHEAS levels and 6MWT. Conclusion: Vriddadaru does Vatashamana, balancing the Doshas, increasing the Utsaha and Parakrama and helps in improving the Agni thus helping in Dhatuposhana in the elderly.

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