scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers in Primary Aldosteronism

2016 ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. ŠOMLÓOVÁ ◽  
O. PETRÁK ◽  
J. ROSA ◽  
B. ŠTRAUCH ◽  
T. INDRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Hypertension ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Aldosterone Producing Adenoma ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension with a high frequency of cardiovascular complications. The unfavorable cardiometabolic profile may be due to aldosterone-mediated activation of inflammatory cells, circulatory cytokines and activation of collagen synthesis in the vessel wall. Aim of our study was to evaluate differences in the levels of hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α and N-terminal propeptide of collagen I (PINP) in patients with PA and essential hypertension (EH) as a control group, and between the subtypes of PA (aldosterone producing adenoma – APA, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism – IHA). We studied 28 patients with PA (IHA – 10 patients, APA – 12 patients, 6 unclassified) and 28 matched patients with EH. There were no differences in the levels of inflammatory markers between the followed groups [EH vs. PA: TNF-α (5.09 [3.68-6.32] vs. 4.84 [3.62-6.50] pg/ml), IL-6 (0.94 [0.70-1.13] vs. 0.97 [0.71-1.28] pg/ml), hsCRP (0.53 [0.25-1.54] vs. 0.37 [0.31-0.61] mg/l), leukocytes (6.35±1.42 vs. 5.97±1.29 109 l); APA vs. IHA: TNF-α (4.54 [3.62-7.03] vs. 5.19 [4.23-5.27] pg/ml), IL-6 (0.96 [0.63-1.21] vs. 0.90 [0.65-1.06] pg/ml), hsCRP (0.34 [0.29-0.47] vs. 0.75 [0.36-1.11] mg/l), leukocytes (6.37±1.41 vs. 5.71±1.21 109 l)]. Significant differences in the levels of PINP between PA and EH group were observed (35.18 [28.46-41.16] vs. 45.21 [36.95-62.81] μg/l, p≤0.003). No differences in inflammatory markers were observed between the followed groups, we confirmed higher levels of PINP in patients with PA.

scholarly journals Have Main Types of Primary Aldosteronism Different Phenotype?

2012 ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. ŠOMLÓOVÁ ◽  
T. INDRA ◽  
J. ROSA ◽  
O. PETRÁK ◽  
B. ŠTRAUCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Endocrine Hypertension ◽  
Aldosterone Producing Adenoma

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension with a high frequency of cardiovascular complications. We found in our previous study higher occurrence of metabolic disturbances in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) compared to subjects with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). The aim of our present study is to evaluate potential differences in the frequency of end-organ damage (arterial stiffness and microalbuminuria) between two main types of PA. The diagnosis of the particular form of PA was based on adrenal venous sampling and/or histopathological examination. We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 72 patients with PA (36 with IHA, 36 with APA). The arterial stiffness was expressed as the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the renal damage as urinary albumin excretion levels (UAE). Patients with IHA had significantly (p<0.03) higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (17 % in APA, 35 % in IHA), higher triglycerides (1.37±0.71 mmol/l in APA, 1.85±0.87 mmol/l in IHA), lower HDL cholesterol (1.25±0.28 mmol/l in APA, 1.06±0.25 mmol/l in IHA), higher PWV (7.91±1.61 m/s in APA, 8.99±1.77 m/s in IHA) and higher UAE (12.93±2.21 mg/l in APA, 28.09±6.66 mg/l in IHA). It seems that patients with IHA may have a slightly different phenotype compared to APA.

scholarly journals Effect of Almond Consumption on Metabolic Risk Factors - Glucose, Hyperinsulinemia, Inflammatory Markers: A Randomized Controlled Trial in 16–25 year olds in Mumbai City

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1447-1447
Author(s):  
Jagmeet Madan ◽  
Panchali Moitra ◽  
Sharvari Desai ◽  
Sheryl Salis ◽  
Rekha Battalwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mumbai City

Abstract Objectives A large percentage of Indian population has diabetes or is at risk of pre-diabetes. Almond consumption has shown benefits on cardio metabolic risk factors in adults. The present study explored the effect of almond consumption on determinants of metabolic dysfunction - blood glucose, insulin, selected inflammatory markers and oxidant damage in adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 years from Mumbai city. Daily almond consumption will reduce insulin levels, selected pro-inflammatory markers, improve lipid profile of 16–25 year old persons. Methods This cluster randomized trial was conducted on individuals with impaired levels of glucose (fasting glucose (5.6–6.9 mmol/L), 2 h post-glucose (7.8–11.0 mmol/L) and/or insulin (fasting insulin(≥15 mIU/ml)/glucose challenge insulin(≥80 mIU/ml). 421 individuals were selected after screening 1313 individuals. The almonds group (n = 107) consumed 56gm almonds daily for 90 days and was compared with a control group (n = 112) who consumed an iso-caloric snack for the same period. Blood samples were analysed at baseline, endline for glucose, insulin, HbA1C, LDL, HDL, TC, ox-LDL, TG, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, leptin. Body fat (%), visceral fat, weight, were measured. HOMA-IR, FG: FI ratio, BMI, WHR, WHtR were calculated. Dietary intakes were assessed at baseline, endline using 24-hour recall. Results Baseline values for all measurements, macronutrient intakes did not differ significantly between the two groups. Changes in anthropometric measurements between baseline and endline were not significantly different in both groups. Percent body fat increased in both groups but was four times more in the control than the almonds group. Almond consumption significantly decreased HbA1C, total cholesterol, LDL-C, IL-6. Stimulated insulin decreased post-intervention in both groups, but was greater in almonds group. FG: FI ratio decreased in almonds group. TNF-α decreased in almonds group while it increased in control group. Conclusions The present study shows the directionality for almond consumption to reduce inflammatory markers, total, LDL cholesterol levels and HbA1C levels in adolescents and young adults who were at risk for developing diabetes. Thus, almonds can be considered as one of the food-based strategies for preventing pre-diabetes. Funding Sources Research grant from Almond Board of California.

Inflammatory Markers in Response to Different Intensity of Aerobic Exercise in Obese Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Hejazi ◽  
Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini ◽  
Mehrdad Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Control

Background: The lack of physical activity and obesity causes mild chronic inflammation that is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Evidence suggests that physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with two intensities on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats (fourteen weeks old and weighing 250 - 300 g, body mass index > 30 g/cm2) were used. After two weeks of familiarity with the laboratory environment, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: (1) high-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8); (2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The rats in moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise groups were performed an increasing training for eight weeks and five days a week and one session per day for 60 minutes running at different speeds on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and repeated measures (ANOVA) for the inter-group and intra-group comparison of the variance changes. Results: Significant differences were found in serum TNF-α levels (P = 0.027 and F = 3.42), IL-6 levels (P = 0.043 and F = 2.99), and insulin resistance index (P = 0.008 and F = 4.69) between the moderate, high-intensity aerobic exercises, and control groups. The levels of TNF-α concentration was significantly different between moderate-intensity and control group (P = 0.01) and between the high-intensity and control groups (P = 0.01). The insulin resistance index in MI (P = 0.01) and HI (P = 0.01) groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that both types of moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise lead to the reduction of TNF-α, interleukin-6, and insulin resistance index compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to shed light on the effects of different types of exercise on such indices, especially the use of long-term training sessions.

Beneficial effects of rosmarinic acid against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Hasanein ◽  
Rosa Seifi
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethanol Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation

Alcohol is a severe hepatotoxicant that causes a variety of liver disorders. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenol, shows some biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the effects of RA (10 mg/kg) against ethanol-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals received ethanol (4 g/kg, i.g.) and (or) RA (10 mg/kg, i.g.) daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, rats were weighed and use for biochemical, molecular, and histopathological examinations. Ethanol increased hepatic lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) and decreased hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (P < 0.01), catalase (P < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001) compared with control group. RA prevented the prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance induced by ethanol in liver. Furthermore, RA ameliorated the increased liver mass, serum levels of ALT, AST, LDH, TNF-α, and IL-6 in ethanol group. Necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver parenchyma were attenuated by RA treatment. Our findings showed that RA prevents ethanol-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and liver injury in an experimental model of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, RA may be a good candidate to protect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity; this deserves consideration and further examination.

scholarly journals Both obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats present delayed cutaneous wound healing

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Paulino do Nascimento ◽  
Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cutaneous Wound Healing ◽  
Cutaneous Wound ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Obesogenic Diet

Diet-induced overweight rats exhibit delayed cutaneous healing; however, when receiving an obesogenic diet, some rats are susceptible to developing the overweight phenotype, whereas others are resistant. We investigated cutaneous healing in diet-induced obesity (DIO)-prone and diet-resistant (DR) rats. Male rats were fed with a standard (control) or a high-saturated fat (30 % fat, w/w) diet for 20 weeks. Then, the experimental group was subdivided into DIO (n 17) and DR (n 16) groups. An excision lesion was made, and the animals were killed 7 or 14 d later. The average body weight was 29 and 25 % higher in the DIO group compared with the C and DR groups. Retroperitoneal fat was higher in the DIO group than in the control and DR groups (518 and 92 %) and was higher in the DR group than in the control group (223 %). The DIO group presented glucose intolerance, and both the DIO and DR groups presented delayed wound contraction (50 %) and re-epithelialisation (20 %). Compared with the DR group, the DIO group displayed higher amounts of inflammatory cells as well as higher levels of lipid peroxidation (P < 0·05). Myofibroblastic differentiation and vessel remodelling were delayed in both the DIO and DR groups. Nitrite levels were lower in the DIO group (340 % less) than in the DR group. TNF-α expression was increased in the DIO group (130 %) compared with the DR group. Our results showed that DIO as well as DR rats present delays in cutaneous wound healing, even though the DR group does not have an overweight phenotype.

scholarly journals Cytokine storm and histopathological findings in 60 cases of COVID-19-related death: from viral load research to immunohistochemical quantification of major players IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15 and TNF-α

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Frisoni ◽  
Margherita Neri ◽  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
Letizia Alfieri ◽  
Diana Bonuccelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Tissue Localization ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Capillary Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Response

AbstractThis study involves the histological analysis of samples taken during autopsies in cases of COVID-19 related death to evaluate the inflammatory cytokine response and the tissue localization of the virus in various organs. In all the selected cases, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on swabs collected from the upper (nasopharynx and oropharynx) and/or the lower respiratory (trachea and primary bronchi) tracts were positive. Tissue localization of SARS-CoV-2 was detected using antibodies against the nucleoprotein and the spike protein. Overall, we tested the hypothesis that the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines plays an important role in the development of COVID-19-associated pneumonia by estimating the expression of multiple cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, TNF-α, and MCP-1), inflammatory cells (CD4, CD8, CD20, and CD45), and fibrinogen. Immunohistochemical staining showed that endothelial cells expressed IL-1β in lung samples obtained from the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). Similarly, alveolar capillary endothelial cells showed strong and diffuse immunoreactivity for IL-6 and IL-15 in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). TNF-α showed a higher immunoreactivity in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (p < 0.001). CD8 + T cells where more numerous in the lung samples obtained from the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). Current evidence suggests that a cytokine storm is the major cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure and is consistently linked with fatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Increased Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism, Including Surgically Correctable Forms, in Centers from Five Continents

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mulatero ◽  
Michael Stowasser ◽  
Keh-Chuan Loh ◽  
Carlos E. Fardella ◽  
Richard D. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Endocrine Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aldosterone Producing Adenoma

Abstract Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of endocrine hypertension previously believed to account for less than 1% of hypertensive patients. Hypokalemia was considered a prerequisite for pursuing diagnostic tests for PA. Recent studies applying the plasma aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio (ARR) as a screening test have reported a higher prevalence. This study is a retrospective evaluation of the diagnosis of PA from clinical centers in five continents before and after the widespread use of the ARR as a screening test. The application of this strategy to a greater number of hypertensives led to a 5- to 15-fold increase in the identification of patients affected by PA. Only a small proportion of patients (between 9 and 37%) were hypokalemic. The annual detection rate of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) increased in all centers (by 1.3–6.3 times) after the wide application of ARR. Aldosterone-producing adenomas constituted a much higher proportion of patients with PA in the four centers that employed adrenal venous sampling (28–50%) than in the center that did not (9%). In conclusion, the wide use of the ARR as a screening test in hypertensive patients led to a marked increase in the detection rate of PA.

scholarly journals Yan-Hou-Qing formula attenuates ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis in rats via inhibition of NF-κB and COX-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Tian-Yong Hu ◽  
Dong-Cai Li ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Histopathologic Study ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract Background Yan Hou Qing (YHQ) is a Chinese medicinal formula designed to alleviate sore throat symptoms, but underlying mechanism of YHQ treatment for pharyngitis is poorly defined up to now. Methods In this study, the modulation of YHQ on pharyngitis is investigated in ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis rat models. After treatment with YHQ or dexamethasone respectively for five consecutive days, all rats were sacrificed for biomolecular and histopathologic study. Protein expressions of MAPKs, NF-κB, COX-2 and 5-LOX in pharyngitis tissue were evaluated by western blot analysis and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, prostaglandin (PG) E2, leukotrienes (LT)-B4 and LT-D4 in pharyngeal tissue were measured via ELISA assay. Evans blue (EB) dye exudation test was performed parallelly to assess the integrity of pharyngeal tissue. Results Compared with normal control group, EB dye exudation, and inflammatory cytokines in the model group were significantly increased, and the pharynx tissue was obviously infiltrated by inflammatory cells. YHQ treatment improved the inflammatory infiltrate in pharyngeal tissue, and reduced EB dye exudation in AP rat models. The up-regulated TNF-α and IL-6 in pharyngeal tissue of AP were significantly reduced by YHQ through inhibition of phosphorylation of p38, Erk and NF-κB. YHQ treatment also reversed the increased level of PGE2 through down-regulation of COX-2. Conclusions YHQ formula attenuated the pharyngitis related symptoms via suppression of COX-2 and phosphorylation of p38, Erk and NF-κB (p65).

scholarly journals Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Autoantibodies in Primary Aldosteronism

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (06) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
Lucie S. Meyer ◽  
Siyuan Gong ◽  
Martin Reincke ◽  
Tracy Ann Williams
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Endocrine Hypertension ◽  
Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Aldosterone Producing Adenoma ◽  
Agonistic Autoantibodies

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of endocrine hypertension. Agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R-Abs) have been described in transplantation medicine and women with pre-eclampsia and more recently in patients with PA. Any functional role of AT1R-Abs in either of the two main subtypes of PA (aldosterone-producing adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia) requires clarification. In this review, we discuss the studies performed to date on AT1R-Abs in PA.

Curcumin Nanomicelle Improves Lipid Profile, Stress Oxidative Factors and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Coronary Elective Angioplasty; A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Helli ◽  
Hadis Gerami ◽  
Maria Kavianpour ◽  
Habib Heybar ◽  
Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Tnf Α

Background: Curcumin demonstrated many pharmacological effects including antioxidants, anti-inflammation, eliminating free radicals, anti-tumor, lipid regulation, and anti-coagulation. Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare curcumin and nano-curcumin effects on lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors related to patients ‘heart. Method: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients undergoing coronary elective angioplasty which were randomly divided into 3 groups. The doses administered for 8 weeks were a 500 mg capsule of curcumin daily for the first group and an 80 mg capsule of nano-curcumin for the second group. However, the placebo group received capsules like curcumin. Lipid profile, oxidative stress factors, and inflammatory markers were measured at the baseline and end of the experiment. Results: Statistically significant changes were observed in the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the intervention groups to the control group (p<0.05). Curcumin and nano-curcumin supplementation also improved significant changes in plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in comparison to the placebo (p<0.05). Furthermore, the nano-curcumin group compared to the curcumin group demonstrated significant changes (p<0.05) in TC, TG, SOD, MDA and TNF-α levels. Conclusion: The effects of curcumin on nano formula may be better for cardiac patients due to its high bioavailability.

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