Inflammatory Markers in Response to Different Intensity of Aerobic Exercise in Obese Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Hejazi ◽  
Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini ◽  
Mehrdad Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Control

Background: The lack of physical activity and obesity causes mild chronic inflammation that is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Evidence suggests that physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with two intensities on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats (fourteen weeks old and weighing 250 - 300 g, body mass index > 30 g/cm2) were used. After two weeks of familiarity with the laboratory environment, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: (1) high-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8); (2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The rats in moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise groups were performed an increasing training for eight weeks and five days a week and one session per day for 60 minutes running at different speeds on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and repeated measures (ANOVA) for the inter-group and intra-group comparison of the variance changes. Results: Significant differences were found in serum TNF-α levels (P = 0.027 and F = 3.42), IL-6 levels (P = 0.043 and F = 2.99), and insulin resistance index (P = 0.008 and F = 4.69) between the moderate, high-intensity aerobic exercises, and control groups. The levels of TNF-α concentration was significantly different between moderate-intensity and control group (P = 0.01) and between the high-intensity and control groups (P = 0.01). The insulin resistance index in MI (P = 0.01) and HI (P = 0.01) groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that both types of moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise lead to the reduction of TNF-α, interleukin-6, and insulin resistance index compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to shed light on the effects of different types of exercise on such indices, especially the use of long-term training sessions.

The effects of short-term high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and inflammatory markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Ahmadizad ◽  
Alireza Salimi Avansar ◽  
Khosrow Ebrahim ◽  
Mohsen Avandi ◽  
Mansour Ghasemikaram
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Intensity Interval

AbstractExercise training is an effective method of weight management, and knowing about its influence on the hormones involved in the regulation of food intake and inflammation could be useful for body weight management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MCT) on nesfatin-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).Thirty sedentary overweight men (Mean±SD; age, 25±1 years) were divided into three (n=10) body mass index-matched groups. The participants in the training groups performed either HIIT or MCT protocols 3 days per week for 6 weeks followed by a week of detraining.Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α did not significantly change after training, but nesfatin increased significantly only with HIIT compared with the control group (p<0.05). In addition, fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), decreased significantly following both HIIT and MCT training (p<0.05). After a detraining period, the plasma nesfatin-1 did not return to pre-training levels in the HIIT group.Both the HIIT and MCT groups had similar effects on inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in men who are overweight, but the HIIT seems to have better anorectic effects (as indicated by nesfatin) compared with MCT.

Adipocytokines in Non-functional Adrenal Incidentalomas and Relation with Insulin Resistance Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Gamze Akkus ◽  
Mehtap Evran ◽  
Murat Sert ◽  
Tamer Tetiker
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Objective: Adrenal incidentalomas are diagnosed incidentally during radiological screenings and require endocrinological investigations for hormonal activity and malignancy. In certain studies, it has been reported that non-functional incidentalomas can be associated with high adipocytokines levels affecting the insulin resistance just like the adipose tissue with metabolic syndrome. Here, we studied serum adipocytokine levels including leptin, resistin, visfatin, omentin 1 and adiponectin in subjects with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma. Methods: Seventy-seven (77) patients (Female 57; Male 20) with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) were enrolled in the study. All patients’ past medical history, physical examination including Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were performed. The patients’ demographic, radiologic, hormonal and biochemical parameters were recorded. To compare the parameters, a control group (CG) (n=30) was formed from healthy volunteers. Both groups were matched for age, gender, waist circumference and BMI. Serum adipocytokines including leptin, resistin, visfatin, omentin 1 and adiponectin were measured quantitatively by ELISA. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, sodium, potassium, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), lipid profiles, and dehidroepiandrostenedion sulphate (DHEAS) were measured. Results: Mean age of the patients was 52.2±10.4 years. BMI and waist circumference of NFAI patients were 26.2±3.28 kg/m2 and 90.2 ±7.5cm, respectively. The mean age of the control group was 48.0±8.16. BMI and waist circumference values for the control group were 25.3±3.5 kg/m2 and 88.3±9.6 cm, respectively. When both groups were compared for age, gender, BMI and waist circumference were non-significant (p>0.05). Serum fasting insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels of the NFAI group were significantly higher than CG (p<0.05). The insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) values of the NFAI subjects were found to be higher than CG (2.5±1.37, 1.1±0.3 p=0.00). Resistin level of NFAI group was also found to be higher than CG [286.6 ng/L vs. 197 ng/L; (P=0,00)], respectively. Leptin levels of NFAI were significantly higher than CG [441.1 ng/mL vs. 186.5 ng/mL; (P=0.00)] respectively. Adiponectin levels were significantly reduced in the NFAI group than in the CG [10.7 mg/L vs. 30.8 mg/L; (P=0.00)]. Comparision of visfatin and omentin levels was nonsignificant. Conclusion: In this study on subjects with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma, we found not only significantly decreased serum adiponectin levels but also increased leptin, resistin levels as well as dyslipidemia, hypertension and high insulin resistance index. All of which could affect insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. The underlying mechanisms of these findings are unknown, hence further studies are needed.

scholarly journals PO-271 Effects of accumulated exercise with different intensities on insulin resistance in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Zhang ◽  
Songtao Wang ◽  
Fei Liang ◽  
Xiangyu Shuai ◽  
Weibao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exercise

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week moderate-intensity and high-intensity accumulated exercise on insulin resistance in mice, compared with the moderate intensity continuous exercise with equal workload, which will provide an experimental reference for seeking a more reasonable and effective exercise program to break sedentary behavior and improve metabolic diseases such as IR. Methods Eighty 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet group (group C) and high-fat diet group (group H), fed with different diet. At the 10th weekend, insulin resistance model was judged by OGTT curve (AUC) and fasting blood glucose. All mice with insulin resistance were randomly divided into four groups: IR control group (IC), IR moderate-intensity continuous exercise group (IE), IR moderate-intensity accumulated exercise group (IM), IR high-intensity accumulated exercise group (IH), retained normal diet control group (C), with 12 mice for each group. All groups were fed with normal feed. The three exercise-related group performed an 8-week’s treadmill exercise program with equal workload (involve preparation and relaxation activities,0°platform slope, 5 days/week). For IE group, mice run 50min continuously with the velocity of 11m/min. For IM group，mice exercised 12.5 min per session, total 4 sessions per day, with 3-hour’s interval and the velocity of 11m/min. The IH group performed an alike exercise program with IM group, except the running speed (19m/min) and exercise time (7.5min). On the 8th weekend of exercise, FBG, OCTT, FINS, HOME- IR, and ISI were tested for each groups. Results 1. Compared with group C, body weight, FBG and OGTT-AUC were significantly increased in group H (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 76% mice were induced to insulin resistance successfully.  2. Before and after exercise intervention of 8 weeks, there were no significant changes in body weight and OGTT-AUC, while the FBG was significantly increased in IC group (P<0.05). Body weight, FBG, and OGTT-AUC significantly decreased in IE group, IM group and IH group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the FBG in the IE group, IM group, and IH group were significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IC group, the FBG, FINS, OGTT-AUC, and HOME-IR in IM group, IH group and IE group were lower than those in the IC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IE group, the body weight and HOME-IR index of IH group were significantly lower than those in IE group (P<0.01). Compared with IH group, the HOME-IR in IH group was lower than that in IM group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference between IM group and IE group. Conclusions 1. Chronic moderate-intensity continuous exercise, moderate-intensity accumulated exercise, and high-intensity accumulated exercise all can effectively improve the glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in IR mice. 2.Compared with moderate-intensity accumulated exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, the high-intensity accumulated exercise with equal workload is more effective in reducing the body weight and improving insulin resistance in IR mice.  

scholarly journals Activation of Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways by Catecholamines Is Associated With Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Male Ischemic Stroke Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Yu Wang ◽  
Shih-Yi Lin ◽  
Yu-Han Chuang ◽  
Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu ◽  
Kwong-Chung Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Tnf Α

Patients who experience acute ischemic stroke may develop hyperglycemia, even in the absence of diabetes. In the current study we determined the effects of acute stroke on hepatic insulin signaling, TNF-α expression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the activities of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitor κB kinase β (IKK-β), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Rats with cerebral ischemia developed higher blood glucose, and insulin levels, and insulin resistance index, as well as hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression compared with the sham-treated group. The hepatic TNF-α mRNA and protein levels were elevated in stroke rats in association with increased ER stress, phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and IKK-β proteins, IκB/NF-κB signaling, and phosphorylation of insulin receptor-1 (IRS-1) at serine residue. The basal and insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and AKT proteins was reduced. In addition, acute stroke increased circulating catecholamines in association with hepatic adrenergic signaling activation. After administration of a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol) before induction of cerebral ischemic injury, hepatic adrenergic transduction, TNF-α expression, ER stress, and the activation of the JNK1/2, IKK-β, and NF-κB pathways, and serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 were all attenuated. In contrast, the phosphorylated IRS-1 at tyrosine site and AKT levels were partially restored with improved poststroke hyperglycemia and insulin resistance index. These results suggest that acute ischemic stroke can activate proinflammatory pathways in the liver by the catecholamines and is associated with the development of hepatic insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Circulating Endocannabinoids and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Wang ◽  
Qin Yu ◽  
Hongmei Yue ◽  
Jiabin Zhang ◽  
Shuang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between plasma endocannabinoids and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods. A population of 64 with OSA and 24 control subjects was recruited. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipids, blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), anandamide (AEA), 1/2-arachidonoylglycerol (1/2-AG), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were analyzed.Results. Fasting blood insulin (22.9 ± 7.8 mIU/L versus 18.5 ± 7.2 mIU/L,P<0.05), HOMA-IR (2.9 ± 1.0 versus 2.4 ± 0.9,P<0.01), AEA (3.2 ± 0.7 nmol/L versus 2.5 ± 0.6 nmol/L,P<0.01), and 1/2-AG (40.8 ± 5.7 nmol/L versus 34.3 ± 7.7 nmol/L,P<0.01) were higher in OSA group than those in control group. In OSA group, AEA, 1/2-AG, and HOMA-IR increase with the OSA severity. The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between HOMA-IR and AHI (r=0.44,P<0.01), AEA and AHI (r=0.52,P<0.01), AEA and HOMA-IR (r=0.62,P<0.01), and 1/2-AG and HOMA-IR (r=0.33,P<0.01). Further analysis showed that only AEA was significantly correlated with AHI and HOMA-IR after adjusting for confounding factors.Conclusions. The present study indicated that plasma endocannabinoids levels, especially AEA, were associated with IR and AHI in patients with OSA.

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Withania somnifera root in fructose fed male rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Shahraki ◽  
Zahra Samadi Noshahr ◽  
Hassan Ahmadvand ◽  
Alireza Nakhaie
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder which affects the diabetes mellitus pathophysiology and alters the cell excitability. This study has been designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of chronic administration of Withania somnifera root (WSR) in fructose drinking water rats. Methods: An experiment was carried out on 48 Wistar-Albino male rats, weighting 200±30 g, which were divided into six groups (n=8): control group (C), control morphine (CM), W. somnifera group (WS) which received WSR (62.5 mg/g diet), W. somnifera naloxone group (WSN) which received WSR and naloxone, fructose (F) group which received fructose drinking water and FWS group which received fructose-enriched drinking water and WSR during the trial period. A biphasic pain response was induced after intraplantar injection of formalin (50 μL, 1%). Pain behavior was measured using Dubuisson methods. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software V. 18, using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that the insulin resistance index, blood sugar, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α, and acute and chronic pain score in the F group were significantly increased in comparison with the control group, but these parameters in the FWS group were significantly decreased compared with the F group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that chronic oral administration of WSR has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in fructose drinking water rats and causes improved insulin resistance index.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Latihan Aerobik Ringan dan Sedang terhadap Kadar Interleukin 8 dan Jumlah Netrofil pada Remaja

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Huldani Huldani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract: Aerobic exercise with mild to moderate intensity will improve health and fitness. Aerobic exercise stimulates an increase in the concentration of IL-8 and will attract neutrophils out of circulation and infiltrate into the damaged tissue for physical activity. To determine the effect of mild and moderate aerobic exercise on levels of interleukin 8 and the number of neutrophils in adolescents, semi-experimental research laboratory with the entire population of male students of SMAN I Banjarbaru. Determination of the sample with inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 31 samples (9 mild aerobic exercise, moderate aerobic exercise 12 and 10 as a control). The implementation of data collection (blood plasma) immediately after the sample is finished doing aerobic exercise. Blood plasma samples were analyzed by flowcytometri to see the number of neutrophils and elisa to see the levels of Interleukin 8 (IL-8). The results showed that mean plasma levels of IL-8 in mild aerobic group (605.69 ± 123.28) and moderate (718.75 ± 132.55) is lower than the control group (720.80 ± 213.11). Kruskal Wallis statistic test in the three groups no significant difference with p = 0.320. The average number of neutrophils mild aerobic exercise group (52.42 ± 8.29) and moderate (63.60 ± 8.73) was higher than the control group (50.11 ± 5.55), which means that there is an increase in the number of neutrophils after aerobic exercise , with one-way ANOVA statistical test showed different significant with p = 0.001. LSD test found significant differences between mild and moderate aerobic group with p = 0.003, 95% CI. There is no difference between the control group mild aerobic with p = 0.519. There are differences between the groups of moderate aerobic and control with p = 0.000. It can be concluded that mild and moderate aerobic exercise did not affect the increased plasma levels of interleukin-8 in adolescents. Mild aerobic exercise had no effect on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents. Moderate aerobic exercise influence on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents.Keywords :  Aerobic exercise, Interleukin 8, Neutrophyl Abstrak: Latihan aerobik dengan intensitas ringan sampai sedang akan meningkatkan kesehatan dan kebugaran tubuh. Latihan aerobik merangsang peningkatan konsentrasi IL-8 dan akan menarik netrofil dari sirkulasi dan menyusup kejaringan yang rusak karena aktivitas fisik.  Untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang terhadap kadar interleukin 8 dan jumlah netrofil pada remaja, dilakukan penelitian semi eksperimental laboratorik dengan populasi seluruh pelajar laki-laki SMAN I Banjarbaru. Penentuan besarnya sampel dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi didapatkan 31 sampel (9 latihan aerobik ringan, 12 latihan aerobik sedang, dan 10 sebagai kontrol). Pelaksanaan pengambilan data (plasma darah) segera setelah sampel selesai melakukan latihan aerobik. Plasma darah sampel dianalisa dengan flowcytometri untuk melihat jumlah netrofil dan pemeriksaan elisa untuk melihat kadar Interleukin 8 (IL-8). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar IL-8 plasma pada kelompok aerobik ringan (605,69 ± 123,28) dan sedang (718,75 ± 132,55) lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol (720,80 ± 213,11). Secara uji statistik Kruskal Wallis ketiga kelompok tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai p = 0,320. Jumlah rerata netrofil kelompok latihan aerobik ringan (52,42 ± 8,29)  dan sedang (63,60 ±  8,73) lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (50,11 ± 5,55), artinya ada peningkatan jumlah netrofil setelah latihan aerobik. Dengan uji statistik ANOVA satu arah didapatkan hasil yang bermakna berbeda dengan nilai p = 0.001. Uji LSD didapatkan  perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok aerobik ringan dan sedang dengan nilai p = 0,003, IK 95 % . Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik ringan dengan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,519. Terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik sedang dan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar Interleukin-8 plasma pada remaja. Latihan aerobik ringan tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Latihan aerobik sedang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Kata Kata Kunci : Latihan Aerobik, Interleukin 8, Netrofil

Prenatal Chronic Hypoxia in Rats Leads to Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in Adult Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1336-1337
Author(s):  
Hong-an Ying ◽  
Zi-yang Huang ◽  
Zhen-hua Wang ◽  
En-hua Cheng ◽  
Hai-ying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Intrauterine Hypoxia

Abstract Background To investigate the effects of chronic intrauterine hypoxia on insulin resistance, hypertension, and the correlation between them in adult offspring rats. Methods A total of 25 pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 prenatal chronic hypoxia (H) groups (10% ± 1% oxygen) and a control group (21% oxygen). The H groups were divided into whole (1–21 day), early (1–7 day), mid (8–14 day), and late (15–21 day) gestational hypoxia groups (H1, H2, H3, and H4, respectively) with pregnant rats being housed in a hypoxia box for 3 hours per day. Five male and 5 female offspring in each group were studied at 1 day, 3 months, and 6 months old. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, and insulin resistance index were determined. Results The mean blood pressure of offspring rats in H groups was higher at 3 months, and further increased at 6 months old compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The fasting blood glucose and homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of male and female offspring in the whole pregnancy (H1) and early pregnancy (H2) hypoxia groups were significantly higher than those in the control group at 6 months (P &lt; 0.05). Fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with mean blood pressure (P &lt; 0.05). The renal mass index in H2 group was lower at 3 months, and further decreased at 6 months compared to controls (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1 and IRS-2) in the kidneys in hypoxia groups were significantly decreased at 6 months in H1 and H2 hypoxia groups when compared with controls (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Chronic intrauterine hypoxia causes insulin resistance and hypertension in adult offspring rats through poor intrauterine growth environment, and insulin resistance is positively associated with hypertension.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Viral Load Count among People Living with HIV/ AIDS in Nekemte, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Literature consistently shows a dearth of published data from developing countries on the effect of exercise for HIV infected persons. Objective: The study was aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on viral load among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, Nekemte. Methods: In this randomized clinical controlled trial, 58 volunteered participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Baseline values of the variables were determined. Experimental group participated in moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, whereas the control group was encouraged to continue usual ART and the usual day to day work. For both CG and EG groups, viral load count was made twice, before and after intervention. The results: Mean age of the participants were (34.66 + 4.56) and (38.1+ 4.90) of control and experimental groups respectively. Baseline of experimental group and control group had show insignificant (p=0.20). After exercise, pre post of exercise group show statistically significant differences (p=0.01) but control group insignificant pre-post (p=0.21). Conclusion: Viral load of PLWHIV/AIDS who participated in the 12 weeks aerobic exercise were more decreased than the control group.

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