scholarly journals Three Months of Regular Aerobic Exercise in Patients With Obesity Improve Systemic Subclinical Inflammation Without Major Influence on Blood Pressure and Endocrine Production of Subcutaneous Fat

2014 ◽  
pp. S299-S308 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. TRACHTA ◽  
J. DRÁPALOVÁ ◽  
P. KAVÁLKOVÁ ◽  
V. TOUŠKOVÁ ◽  
A. CINKAJZLOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of our study was to explore the effects of regular aerobic exercise on anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters and mRNA expression of selected factors involved in metabolic regulations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Fifteen obese women with arterial hypertension underwent a three-month exercise program consisting of 30 min of aerobic exercise 3 times a week. Fifteen healthy lean women with no intervention served as a control group. Obese group underwent anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy and 24-h blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after three months of exercise, while control group was examined only once. At baseline, obese group had increased SCAT expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines relative to control group. Three months of regular exercise improved anthropometric parameters, decreased CRP, blood glucose and HOMA-IR, while having no significant effect on lipid profile and blood pressure. Gene expressions in SCAT were not affected by physical activity with the exception of increased aquaporin-3 mRNA expression. We conclude that three months of regular exercise decrease systemic subclinical inflammation with only minor influence on the blood pressure and the endocrine function of subcutaneous fat.

Visfatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. E24-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone Frydelund-Larsen ◽  
Thorbjorn Akerstrom ◽  
Søren Nielsen ◽  
Pernille Keller ◽  
Charlotte Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Visfatin [pre-β-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)] is a novel adipokine that is produced by adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver and has insulin-mimetic actions. Regular exercise enhances insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we therefore examined visfatin mRNA expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from healthy young men at time points 0, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, and 24 h in relation to either 3 h of ergometer cycle exercise at 60% of V̇o2 max or rest. Adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression increased threefold at the time points 3, 4.5, and 6 h in response to exercise ( n = 8) compared with preexercise samples and compared with the resting control group ( n = 7, P = 0.001). Visfatin mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was not influenced by exercise. The exercise-induced increase in adipose tissue visfatin was, however, not accompanied by elevated levels of plasma visfatin. Recombinant human IL-6 infusion to mimic the exercise-induced IL-6 response ( n = 6) had no effect on visfatin mRNA expression in adipose tissue compared with the effect of placebo infusion ( n = 6). The finding that exercise enhances subcutaneous adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression suggests that visfatin has a local metabolic role in the recovery period following exercise.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise elevates markers of angiogenesis and macrophage IL-6 gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight-to-obese adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1150-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Van Pelt ◽  
Lisa M. Guth ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Alterations in the inflammatory state, metabolic function, and structure of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) can impact the development of insulin resistance in obesity. Exercise can improve metabolic health in obesity, but the effects of exercise on SAT are not well known. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute exercise and habitual exercise training on mRNA expression of markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypoxia/angiogenesis in SAT, as well as adipocyte cell size. We recruited overweight-to-obese adults who exercised regularly (ACTIVE: n = 8) or were sedentary (SED: n = 12). The groups were well matched for age (27 ± 1 vs. 24 ± 2 yr), body mass index (29 ± 1 vs. 27 ± 1 kg/m2), and body composition (30 ± 1 vs. 29 ± 1% body fat), but as expected, cardiorespiratory fitness was greater in ACTIVE vs. SED (V̇o2peak: 51 ± 3 vs. 42 ± 1 ml·kg fat-free mass−1·min−1; P = 0.01). Abdominal SAT biopsy samples were obtained before and 1 h after a single session of aerobic exercise (60 min at ~65% V̇o2peak). The exercise session increased SAT mRNA expression of VEGFA, an important regulator of angiogenic processes, in both groups. In addition, SAT from ACTIVE subjects had greater mRNA expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 compared with SED, which may be a cumulative effect of the transient increases in VEGFA with regular exercise. We also magnetically sorted CD14+ immune cells from SAT samples and found that IL-6 expression was elevated in ACTIVE compared with SED. In conclusion, exercise initiates increases in factors related to angiogenic processes and may promote alterations in macrophage inflammation in SAT. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute exercise in overweight/obese adults increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mRNA expression of VEGFA, an important regulator of angiogenesis and capillary growth. In addition, subjects that regularly exercise had elevated SAT CD31 mRNA expression and elevated IL-6 mRNA in adipose tissue macrophages compared with nonexercisers. This study demonstrates that aerobic exercise may alter processes related to whole body metabolic outcomes in obesity, such as angiogenesis and immune response, in the SAT of overweight/obese adults.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of mRNA Expression Changes of GH/IGF-1/Insulin Axis Components in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Disturbances of Patients With Acromegaly

2016 ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. TOUSKOVA ◽  
J. KLOUCKOVA ◽  
V. DUROVCOVA ◽  
Z. LACINOVA ◽  
P. KAVALKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Igfbp 3

We explored the effect of chronically elevated circulating levels of growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like-growth-factor-1 (IGF-1) on mRNA expression of GH/IGF-1/insulin axis components and p85alpha subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p85alpha) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of patients with active acromegaly and compared these findings with healthy control subjects in order to find its possible relationships with insulin resistance and body composition changes. Acromegaly group had significantly decreased percentage of truncal and whole body fat and increased homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In SCAT, patients with acromegaly had significantly increased IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression that both positively correlated with serum GH. P85alpha expression in SCAT did not differ from control group. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT were not independently associated with percentage of truncal and whole body fat or with HOMA-IR while IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT was an independent predictor of insulin receptor as well as of p85alpha expression in SCAT. Our data suggest that GH overproduction in acromegaly group increases IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT while it does not affect SCAT p85alpha expression. Increased IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 in SCAT of acromegaly group do not appear to contribute to systemic differences in insulin sensitivity but may have local regulatory effects in SCAT of patients with acromegaly.

scholarly journals Effect of an Endurance and Strength Mixed Circuit Training on Regional Fat Thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Andrea Casolo ◽  
Matteo Saoncella ◽  
Carlo Bertaggia ◽  
Marco Fantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Training Protocol

Accumulation of adipose tissue in specific body areas is related to many physiological and hormonal variables. Spot reduction (SR) is a training protocol aimed to stimulate lipolysis locally, even though this training protocol has not been extensively studied in recent years. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the effect of a circuit-training SR on subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy adults. Methods: Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to spot reduction (SR) or to a traditional resistance training (RT) protocol. Body composition via bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue via skinfold and ultrasound were measured before and after eight weeks of training. Results: SR significantly reduced body mass (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: circuit-training SR may be an efficient strategy to reduce in a localized manner abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue depot.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Akarken ◽  
Hüseyin Tarhan ◽  
Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽  
Özgür Çakmak ◽  
Gökhan Koç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods:The sample included 357 white and African American children aged 5–18 years. Physical activity, television viewing, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-hour movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity on ≥5 days per week, ≤ 2 hours per day of television, and sleeping 9–11 hours per night (ages 5–13 y) or 8–10 hours per night (ages 14–18 y). Waist circumference, body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured in a clinical setting.Results:A total of 26.9% of the sample met none of the guidelines, whereas 36.4%, 28.3%, and 8.4% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. There were significant associations between the number of guidelines met and body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, triglycerides, and glucose. There were no associations with blood pressure or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:Meeting more components of the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower levels of obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors. Future efforts should consider novel strategies to simultaneously improve physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep in children.

scholarly journals Comparative morphometric study of adipose tissue in ovariectomized mice of different ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ivanishchev ◽  
◽  
A. Ustymenko ◽  
V. Kyryk ◽  
G. Butenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

It is known that estrogen deficiency leads to the dysfunction of many organs and systems, including adipose tissue. Therefore, the study of morphological changes in the components of adipose tissue during estrogen deficiency will expand our understanding of both its dysfunction and possible ways to correct it. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of subcutaneous adipose tissue in ovariectomized mice of different ages. Materials and methods. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from young (2 months) and old (14 months) mice were studied two months after ovariectomy in comparison with the samples from sham-operated animals of the same age. The number of adipocytes and capillaries per 1 mm2 of the area and the average area of adipocyte were determined on histological slices of adipose tissue. Results and discussion. It was shown that along with a significant decrease in the number of adipocytes per 1 mm2 of the area in young ovariectomized mice, a significant increase in the average area of adipocytes was observed compared with the control group of animals of the same age. In old ovariectomized animals at a slight decrease in the number of adipocytes, there was also a probable increase in their average area compared with the control group of the same age. Conclusion. The morphological properties of subcutaneous adipose tissue change significantly in the conditions of artificially induced estrogen deficiency during ovariectomy in mice.

scholarly journals Transdermal Delivery of Nanoparticles Using Microneedles and Iontophoresis (P13-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Abbasi ◽  
Shu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Objectives Microneedles (MN) and iontophoresis are innovative approaches for transdermal delivery of drugs and bioactive compounds. They can make the treatment tolerable, safe, and convenient. Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance solubility, stability and prolonged release of many drugs and bioactive compounds and deliver them to specific cells. In the present study, we determined the delivery efficacy of dye-loaded lipid NPs using MN, iontophoresis and their combination, in an in vitro skin permeation study. Methods We have synthesized lipid NPs carrying 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N- (lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl (Rhod PE) dye. MN derma skin rollers with different needle length were used for microneedling. Iontophoresis was applied using a patch and a constant-current power supply. The abdominal skin of porcine was initially treated by the MN derma roller and then topically treated with NP solutions. In the combined treatment (MN and iontophoresis); the NP solution was loaded into an iontophoretic patch and applied on the MN-treated skin for 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours at 0.2 mA/cm2. Non-treated skin (no MN or iontophoresis) was used as a control group. Fluorescent dye intensity in different skin layers were examined using a fluorescence microscopy. Results The penetration of fluorescent dye through the skin layers was increased and reached to the subcutaneous adipose tissue following increment of MN length (1.5 mm > 1 mm > 0.5 mm), time and combined treatments. Combination of MN and iontophoresis resulted in increased dye intensity in the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue over time. Conclusions The combination of MN and iontophoresis can enhance subcutaneous delivery of drugs and bioactive compounds, along with enhanced efficacy and patient compliance, and reduced toxicity. We envision that combination of MN and iontophoresis could offer a clinical superiority over traditional, invasive injections for combating diseases and disorders. Funding Sources NIH (Grant R15AT008733).

scholarly journals Subcutaneous adipose tissue free fatty acid uptake measured using positron emission tomography and adipose biopsies in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E194-E199
Author(s):  
Yanli Cao ◽  
Nicola Gathaiya ◽  
Qiaojun Han ◽  
Bradley J. Kemp ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Palmitate Uptake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals can noninvasively measure free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into adipose tissue. We studied 29 volunteers to test whether abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using [1-11C]palmitate PET agrees with FFA storage rates measured using an intravenous bolus of [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsies. The dynamic left ventricular cavity PET images combined with blood sample radioactivity corrected for the 11CO2 content were used to create the blood time activity curve (TAC), and the constant ( Ki) was determined using Patlak analysis of the TACs generated for regions of interest in abdominal subcutaneous fat. These data were used to calculate palmitate uptake rates in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (µmol·kg−1·min−1). Immediately after the dynamic imaging, a static image of the thigh was taken to measure the standardized uptake value (SUV) in thigh adipose tissue, which was scaled to each participant’s abdominal adipose tissue SUV to calculate thigh adipose palmitate uptake rates. Abdominal adipose palmitate uptake using PET [1-11C]palmitate was correlated with, but significantly ( P < 0.001) greater than, FFA storage measured using [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsy. Thigh adipose palmitate measured using PET calculation was positively correlated ( R2 = 0.44, P < 0.0001) with and not different from the biopsy approach. The relative differences between PET measured abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue palmitate uptake and biopsy-measured palmitate storage were positively correlated ( P = 0.03) with abdominal subcutaneous fat. We conclude that abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using PET does not equate to adipose FFA storage measured using biopsy techniques.

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