scholarly journals Impairment of Mitochondrial Function of Rat Hepatocytes by High Fat Diet and Oxidative Stress

2014 ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. GARNOL ◽  
R. ENDLICHER ◽  
O. KUČERA ◽  
Z. DRAHOTA ◽  
Z. ČERVINKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Complex Ii ◽  
Peroxidative Stress ◽  
Complex I Activity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Fatty liver disease associated with obesity is an important medical problem and the mechanisms for lipid accumulation in hepatocytes are not fully elucidated yet. Recent findings indicate that mitochondria play an important role in this process. Our data on hepatocytes in which mitochondria are in contact with other cytosolic structures important for their function, extend observations obtained on isolated mitochondria and confirm inhibition of Complex I activity in hepatocytes isolated from rats fed by high fat diet (HFD) compared with controls fed by standard diet (STD). Furthermore we have found that HFD-hepatocytes are more sensitive to the peroxidative stress because under these conditions also Complex II activity is disturbed. Therefore in HFD animals decrease of Complex I activity cannot be compensated by Complex II substrates as in STD hepatocytes. Our data thus indicates that combination of HFD and peroxidative stress potentiates HFD damaging effect of mitochondria because both branches of the respiratory chain (NADH- and flavoprotein-dependent) are disturbed.

scholarly journals Novel mitochondrial complex I inhibitors restore glucose-handling abilities of high-fat fed mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S D Martin ◽  
Siobhán Leonard ◽  
Robert Devine ◽  
Clara Redondo ◽  
Gemma K Kinsella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Sensitizer ◽  
Kinase Activation ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Protein Kinase Activation ◽  
Complex I Activity

Metformin is the main drug of choice for treating type 2 diabetes, yet the therapeutic regimens and side effects of the compound are all undesirable and can lead to reduced compliance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of two novel compounds which improved glucose handling and weight gain in mice on a high-fat diet. Wildtype C57Bl/6 male mice were fed on a high-fat diet and treated with novel, anti-diabetic compounds. Both compounds restored the glucose handling ability of these mice. At a cellular level, these compounds achieve this by inhibiting complex I activity in mitochondria, leading to AMP-activated protein kinase activation and subsequent increased glucose uptake by the cells, as measured in the mouse C2C12 muscle cell line. Based on the inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase (IC50 27µmolL−1), one of these compounds is close to a thousand fold more potent than metformin. There are no indications of off target effects. The compounds have the potential to have a greater anti-diabetic effect at a lower dose than metformin and may represent a new anti-diabetic compound class. The mechanism of action appears not to be as an insulin sensitizer but rather as an insulin substitute.

scholarly journals Effects of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Adult Female Wistar Rats (P06-090-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima ◽  
Renata Celi Lopes Toledo ◽  
Maria Eliza de Castro Moreira ◽  
Neuza Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Objectives The objective is to investigate the influence of chia consumption on inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood lipid profile in adult female ovariectomized Wistar rats fed high-fat diet Methods Forty ovariectomized and 40 intact (SHAM) rats were allocated into 8 groups (n = 10), and received one of the following four diets: standard diet (ST); standard diet + chia (STC); high-fat diet (HF); high-fat diet + chia (HFC) during 126 days. Biochemical parameters and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated. The mRNA expression of proteins involved in inflammation such as PPAR-α, NFκB, TNF-α and Zn-SOD1 were analyzed, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β levels. The results were subjected to ANOVA at 5% probability. Post hoc Duncan test was carried out to compare means among the groups. Test-t was used to compare the same diet group with ovariectomy or not. Results Chia intake increased HDL-c and reduced LDL-c levels. Among the ovariectomized groups, the animals fed chia showed higher SOD mRNA expression and activity. The consumption of the HF did not alter the total antioxidant capacity. In addition, chia consumption did not improve this parameter. Nevertheless, plasma catalase concentration was higher in STC group. MDA concentration was higher in all groups fed HF. PPAR-α mRNA expression was higher in the STC group. Besides, high fat diet consumption was able to reduce the PPAR-α mRNA expression. The NFκB mRNA expression were lower in STC groups. However, mRNA expression and the protein levels of TNF-α were lower in the rats fed standard diet. Nevertheless, the protein levels of IL-1β were lower in the rats fed standard diet and high fat diet with chia. Conclusions In general, ovariectomy did not influence inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Chia intake during 126 days was able to improve antioxidant activity, increasing SOD expression, PPAR-α expression, catalase concentration, and HDL-c levels in adults female rats submitted or not to ovariectomy and fed a standard or a high-fat diet. In addition, chia consumption decrease inflammatory markes, IL-1β and LDL-c concentration. Funding Sources Foundation for Research Support of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, Brazil); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Brazil), and the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq, Brazil). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
RONALDO LAU ◽  
SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽  
RIAMI RIAMI
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p align="justify"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract  on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) fed with high fat diet.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Method</strong>:  24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15<sup>th</sup>-28<sup>th</sup> days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Result :</strong> One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords :</strong>Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet</p>

scholarly journals Differential organ-specific inflammatory response to progranulin in high-fat diet-fed mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Murakoshi ◽  
Tomohito Gohda ◽  
Eri Adachi ◽  
Saki Ichikawa ◽  
Shinji Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Organ Specific

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) has been reported to bind tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and to inhibit TNFα signaling. We evaluated the effect of augmentation of TNFα signaling by PGRN deficiency on the progression of kidney injury. Eight-week-old PGRN knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Albuminuria, markers of tubular damage, and renal mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were higher in HFD-fed KO (KO-HFD) mice than in HFD-fed WT (WT-HFD) mice. Body weight, vacuolization in proximal tubules, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory markers were lower in the KO-HFD mice than in the WT-HFD mice. The renal megalin expression was lower in the KO mice than in the WT mice regardless of the diet type. The megalin expression was also reduced in mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells stimulated with TNFα and in those with PGRN knockdown by small interfering RNA in vitro. PGRN deficiency was associated with both exacerbated renal inflammation and decreased systemic inflammation, including that in the adipose tissue of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Improved tubular vacuolization in the KO-HFD mice might partially be explained by the decreased expression of megalin in proximal tubules.

High Fat Diet Mediates Amyloid-β Cleaving Enzyme 1 Phosphorylation and SUMOylation, Enhancing Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jian Bao ◽  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Xiaokang Gong ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Yifan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Augmented Learning ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults and extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the two characterized pathologies of AD. Obesity is significantly associated with AD developing factors. Several studies have reported that high fat diet (HFD) influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of HFD influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. Methods: 2.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were randomly separated into two groups: 1) the normal diet (ND) group, fed a standard diet (10 kcal%fat); and 2) the HFD group, fed a high fat diet (40 kcal%fat, D12492; Research Diets). After 4 months of HFD or ND feeding, mice in the two groups were subjected for further ethological, morphological, and biochemical analyses. Results: A long-term HFD diet significantly increased perirenal fat and impaired dendritic integrity and aggravated neurodegeneration, and augmented learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, the HFD increased beta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) dephosphorylation and SUMOylation, resulting in enhanced enzyme activity and stability, which exacerbated the deposition of amyloid plaques. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that long-term HFD consumption aggravates amyloid-β accumulation and cognitive impairments, and that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as obesity, can induce BACE1 post-modifications which may contribute to AD pathogenesis.

Acute effect of high-intensity interval training exercise on redox status in the ovaries of rats fed a high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Rodrigo L. Furtado ◽  
Jonathan Elias R. Martins ◽  
Maria Alice F. Oliveira ◽  
Denise D. Guerreiro ◽  
Naiza A. R. de Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
High Intensity Interval

This study demonstrates the effect of a single high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session on the redox status of rat ovaries with excess adiposity. Forty Wistar female rats (mean (±s.e.m.) weight 94.40 ± 13.40 g) were divided into two groups and fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 62 days. At the end of this period, the rats were subjected to a single HIIT session and were killed 24 h after exercise. Both groups subjected to exercise (SDex and HFDex) generated a significantly higher antioxidant environment by presenting a higher thiol content, which represents a lower oxidation rate of GSH than their respective controls (SD and HFD). The percentage of morphologically normal primary follicles decreased, whereas that of antral follicles increased, in the SDex group. In addition, the HFD group had a higher percentage of degenerated antral follicles than the SD and SDex groups. Cells immunoreactive for α-smooth muscle actin were seen in the cortical stroma and thecal layer enclosing late secondary and tertiary follicles in all groups. Moreover, heme oxygenase and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp19A1) labelling was seen in all antral follicles. Progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in the HFDex than SDex group. In conclusion, this study indicates that a single session of HIIT may result in an improvement in ovary redox status because of metabolic muscle activity by inducing physiological adaptation after exercise in a paracrine manner.

Improvement for High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Injuries and Oxidative Stress by Flavonoid-Enriched Extract from Nelumbo nucifera Leaf

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 5925-5932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Cheng Lin ◽  
Shao-Hsuan Kao ◽  
Pei-Jun Chung ◽  
Kuei-Chuan Chan ◽  
Mon-Yuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Injuries ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Effects of a Mixed Limosilactobacillus fermentum Formulation with Claimed Probiotic Properties on Cardiometabolic Variables, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire ◽  
Luciana Caroline Paulino do Nascimento ◽  
Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira ◽  
Alisson Macário de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Henrique Napoleão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been linked to dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of a mixed formulation with Limosilactobacillusfermentum 139, L. fermentum 263 and L. fermentum 296 on cardiometabolic parameters, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues of male rats fed an HFD. Male Wistar rats were grouped into control diet (CTL, n = 6), HFD (n = 6) and HFD with L. fermentum formulation (HFD-Lf, n = 6) groups. The L.fermentum formulation (1 × 109 CFU/mL of each strain) was administered twice a day for 4 weeks. After a 4-week follow-up, biochemical parameters, fecal SCFA, cytokines and oxidative stress variables were evaluated. HFD consumption caused hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation, reduced fecal acetate and propionate contents and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues when compared to the CTL group. Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had reduced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, but similar SCFA contents in comparison with the HFD group (p < 0.05). Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had increased antioxidant capacity throughout the colon and heart tissues when compared with the control group. Administration of a mixed L. fermentum formulation prevented hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues induced by HFD consumption.

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