scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effects of Cysteine Alone or in Combination With Taurine in Diabetes

2013 ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. TAPPIA ◽  
Y-J. XU ◽  
D. RODRIGUEZ-LEYVA ◽  
N. AROUTIOUNOVA ◽  
N. S. DHALLA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Fractional Shortening

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of cysteine and taurine in rats with diabetes induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight). Experimental animals were treated orally (by gavage) with cysteine (200 mg/kg) and taurine (400 mg/kg), alone or in combination, daily for 8 weeks. In one group, rats were also pretreated 3 weeks before the induction of diabetes (prevention arm) whereas in the other, the treatment was started 3 days after the induction of diabetes (reversal arm). Diabetes increased heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio, plasma glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels as well as depressed heart rate (HR), blood pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), rate of contraction (+dP/dt), rate of relaxation (-dP/dt), fractional shortening (FS) and cardiac output (CO). The left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LViDs) was increased whereas that in diastole (LViDd) was decreased. In the prevention arm, treatment of the diabetic animals with cysteine or taurine decreased HW/BW ratio and improved HR, FS, +dP/dt and -dP/dt, as well as normalized LViDs, without altering the increase in glucose level. Cysteine decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels and improved LVSP whereas CO was improved by taurine. In the reversal arm, cysteine alone or with taurine did not correct the changes in hemodynamic parameters, FS and plasma triglycerides. Diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and increases in plasma triglycerides can be prevented, but not reversed, by dietary cysteine alone or in combination with taurine.

Role of reflexes following myocardial necrobiosis

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ascanio ◽  
F. Barrera ◽  
E. V. Lautsch ◽  
M. J. Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure

Intracoronary administration of hexachlorotetrafluorobutane (Hexa) into non-thoracotomized dogs produced a statistically significant decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), mean femoral arterial blood pressure (MFAP), first derivative of left ventricular pressure pulse (dP/d t), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and cardiac output (C.O.) lasting up to 1 hr after injection. Femoral vascular resistance decreased during the first 3 min after production of necrobiosis. Fifty percent of the dogs died of ventricular fibrillation (VF) after Hexa infarction. Prereserpinized dogs did not show significant changes in the parameters which were significantly changed in normal dogs after Hexa necrobiosis except in the case of VF which was almost absent in this group. Bilateral vagotomy prior to Hexa administration prevented most hemodynamic changes after necrobiosis whereas atropine did not. Bilateral vagotomy and atropine 1 hr after necrobiosis increased MFAP, dP/d t, LVSP, C.O., and TPR. Apparently excitatory efferent sympathetic activity on heart and femoral arterial vessels is reflexly inhibited by the effects of intracoronary injection of Hexa. The afferent pathway is via the vagus nerve.

Increased cardiac contractility in acute uremia: interrelationships with hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nivatpumin ◽  
T Yipintsoi ◽  
S Penpargkul ◽  
J Scheuer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Inotropic State ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure

To study the effects of acute uremia on the inotropic state of the rat heart, we subjected rats to bilateral nephrectomy and studied their hearts in the open chest 24 h later. Uremic rats had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than sham-operated animals. Left ventricular systolic pressure and maximum dP/dt, both during ejection and isovolumic contrations, were higher for any given end-diastolic pressure in hearts of uremic rats than in sham-operated animals. This difference in performance charcteristics was not abolished by doses of propranolol that blocked the heart rate response to isoproterenol. The administration of phenoxybenzamine during the 24 h of uremia abolished the blood pressure rise in uremic rats, but the increased contractile state persisted. Treatment of sham-operated animals with methoxamine to produce the same course of blood pressure as observed in uremic rats was also associated with an increased inotropic state. These results indicate that in the rat, acute uremia is associated with an increased inotropic state that is not mediated by beta-adrenergic mechanisms. The systolic hypertension of acute uremia is not the major cause of the increased contractility, although systolic hypertension without uremia can mimic the performance characteristics found in hearts of uremic rats.

Effects of sympathetic stimulation during cooling on hypothermic as well as posthypothermic hemodynamic function

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Kondratiev ◽  
T. Tveita
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure

This experimental study was performed to explore hemodynamic effects of a moderate dose epinephrine (Epi) during hypothermia and to test the hypothesis whether sympathetic stimulation during cooling affects myocardial function following rewarming. Two groups of male Wistar rats (each, n = 7) were cooled to 15 °C, maintained at this temperature for 1 h, and then rewarmed. Group 1 received 1 μg/min Epi, i.v., for 1 h during cooling to 28 °C, a dose known to elevate cardiac output (CO) by approximately 25% at 37 °C. Group 2 served a saline solution control. At 37 °C, Epi infusion elevated CO, left ventricular systolic pressure, maximum rate of left ventricle pressure rise, and mean arterial pressure. During cooling to 28 °C, these variables, with the exception of mean arterial pressure, decreased in parallel to those in the saline solution group. In contrast, in the Epi group, mean arterial pressure remained increased and total peripheral resistance was significantly elevated at 28 °C. Compared with corresponding prehypothermic values, most hemodynamic variables were lowered after 1 h at 15 °C in both groups (except for stroke volume). After rewarming, alterations in hemodynamic variables in the Epi-treated group were more prominent than in saline solution controls. Thus, before cooling, continuous Epi infusion predominantly stimulates myocardial mechanical function, materialized as elevation of CO, left ventricular systolic pressure, and maximum rate of left ventricle pressure rise. Cooling, on the other hand, apparently eradicates central hemodynamic effects of Epi and during stable hypothermia, elevation of peripheral vascular vasopressor effects seem to take over. In contrast to temperature-matched, non-Epi stimulated control rats, a significant depression of myocardial mechanical function occurs during rewarming following a moderate sympathetic stimulus during initial cooling.

A Physiological Controller for Turbodynamic Ventricular Assist Devices Based on Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 842-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Petrou ◽  
Gregor Ochsner ◽  
Raffael Amacher ◽  
Panagiotis Pergantis ◽  
Mathias Rebholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Assist Devices ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure

Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine Phosphate and Sodium Ferulate Alone or in Combination on Hemodynamics in Anesthetized Dog

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Huang ◽  
Yiming Zang ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Guobao Niu ◽  
Aidong Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sodium Ferulate ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Tetramethylpyrazine Phosphate

Hemodynamic actions of intravenous (iv) administration of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) and sodium ferulate (SF) alone or in combination were studied in anesthetized dogs. When given alone, TMPP increased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), peak positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure (+LVdp/dt), coronary blood flow (CBF) and heart rate (HR) while decreasing mean aortic pressure (mAoP). SF alone did not produce any significant hemodynamic changes. When the two were administered in combination, SF antagonized dose-dependently the hemodynamic actions of TMPP. Results of this study did not support the efficacy of combined treatment of Ligusticum wallichi and Angelica root, which contain TMPP and SF respectively.

Interrelation between end-systolic pressure-volume and pressure-wall thickness relations

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. H679-H684
Author(s):  
J. D. Schipke ◽  
J. Alexander ◽  
Y. Harasawa ◽  
R. Schulz ◽  
D. Burkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Contractility ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Volume Relationship ◽  
Pressure Volume Relationship ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure

We predicted the shape of the end-systolic pressure-thickness relationship (ESPTR) by modeling the left ventricle as thick-walled sphere. To test the validity of the predicted relationships, we then measured the ESPTR over wide volume ranges in seven isolated blood-perfused canine hearts. Both simulation and experiments demonstrated that the ESPTR is curvilinear. However, within a physiological left ventricular systolic pressure range (80–150 mmHg), the ESPTR was described reasonably well by a straight line. Within that pressure range, changes in left ventricular contractile state, assessed by slope changes of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, were associated with almost parallel shifts in the ESPTR. In contrast, in a low pressure range (less than 80 mmHg), contractility changes were associated with slope changes of the ESPTR. We conclude that, in general, there are limitations in the application of ESPTR for assessing left ventricular contractility, but if the limitations are recognized and accounted for, then the ESPTR may be useful for assessing contractility changes in vivo.

scholarly journals Biphasic changes in heart performance with food restriction in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1909-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. McKnight ◽  
Heinz Rupp ◽  
Ken S. Dhalla ◽  
Robert E. Beamish ◽  
Naranjan S. Dhalla
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Heart Performance ◽  
Pressure Development ◽  
Hemodynamic Performance

To examine effects of food restriction resembling very-low-calorie dieting on heart performance, normal rats were fed 25% of ad libitum food intake for 14 days. Although heart weight decreased ( P < 0.05) after 5 days, left ventricular systolic pressure as well as rates of pressure development and fall were increased ( P < 0.05) at 7 days and decreased ( P < 0.05) after 14 days. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also increased from 5 to 7 days and decreased after 14 days. The increased hemodynamic performance of heart was associated with a raised plasma norepinephrine concentration, which peaked at day 7 of food restriction; epinephrine concentration was increased ( P < 0.05) also at day 7. An increased catecholamine synthesis was indicated by the raised ( P < 0.05) plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase activity at 3 days, but this was decreased ( P < 0.05) at 14 days. The concentration of dopamine in the heart was increased ( P < 0.05) at 2–14 days, of norepinephrine at 7–14 days, and of epinephrine at 10 and 14 days. Food restriction thus appears initially to be associated with an enhanced catecholamine influence on the heart and is followed by a depressed cardiac performance.

Ventricular systolic pressure-volume area as predictor of cardiac oxygen consumption

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. H39-H44 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suga ◽  
T. Hayashi ◽  
M. Shirahata
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Linear Regressions

We scrutinized the recently reported correlation between the canine left ventricular systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) and cardiac oxygen consumption rate per beat (Vo2) by use of an improved method of Vo2 assessment. PVA is the specific area in the pressure-volume (PV) plane bounded by the end-systolic and end-diastolic PV lines and the systolic segment of the PV loop. Different from the previous study in which Vo2-PVA data from isovolumic and ejecting contractions were pooled for analyses, we analyzed Vo2-PVA data from the two different modes separately to examine whether there was any difference of Vo2-PVA relationship between them. The results indicated that the linear regressions of Vo2 on PVA were virtually the same for isovolumic and ejecting contractions. The regression line was Vo2 (ml O2/beat) = a[PVA (mmHg x ml x beat-1)] + b, where a = 1.64 (+/- 0.12 SE) X 10(-5) (ml O2/beat)/(mmHg x ml x beat-1) and b = 0.015 +/- 0.002 ml O2/beat in 10 hearts. We conclude that PVA serves as a reliable predictor of Vo2 regardless of the mode of contraction in a given left ventricle with a stable inotropic background.

Effect of Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure on Myocardial Strain Demonstrated by Transmural Myocardial Strain Profile

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Satoshi Nakatani ◽  
Takuya Hasegawa ◽  
Takeshi Maruo ◽  
Hideaki Kanzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Strain ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Strain Profile ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure
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