scholarly journals Advanced methods for perfusion analysis in echocardiography

2010 ◽  
pp. S33-S41
Author(s):  
R Kolář ◽  
R Jiřík ◽  
V Harabiš ◽  
M Mézl ◽  
M Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Contrast Echocardiography ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast

It has been shown that besides positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; contrast echocardiography can be used for qualitative and quantitative myocardial perfusion assessment. In this review, the properties of ultrasound contrast agents, imaging techniques and acquisition methods are shortly described and the possibilities of perfusion echocardiography are summarized. The main focus is put on the description of three perfusion models: mathematical models, physical models assuming an ideal inflow and physical models including inflow measurement.

scholarly journals Recent applications of nuclear medicine in diagnostics: II part

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Ernesto Cason ◽  
Giorgio Fagioli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are effective diagnostic imaging tools in several clinical settings. The aim of this article (the second of a 2-part series) is to examine some of the more recent applications of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, particularly in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and infection/inflammation. Discussion: A review of the literature reveals that in the field of neurology nuclear medicine techniques are most widely used to investigate cognitive deficits and dementia (particularly those associated with Alzheimer disease), epilepsy, and movement disorders. In cardiology, SPECT and PET also play important roles in the work-up of patients with coronary artery disease, providing accurate information on the state of the myocardium (perfusion, metabolism, and innervation). White blood cell scintigraphy and FDG-PET are widely used to investigate many infectious/inflammatory processes. In each of these areas, the review discusses the use of recently developed radiopharmaceuticals, the growth of tomographic nuclear medicine techniques, and the ways in which these advances are improving molecular imaging of biologic processes at the cellular level.

THE MATHEMATICS OF THE IMAGING TECHNIQUES OF MEG, CT, PET AND SPECT

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1671-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. FOKAS ◽  
V. MARINAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

The imaging techniques of magnetoencephalography (MEG), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are reviewed, and the analytical solutions of the relevant inverse problems are presented. The numerical implementation of the exact formulas yield accurate reconstructions for both realistic phantoms as well as real data.

scholarly journals Advanced imaging improves the diagnosis of infective endocarditis

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harding ◽  
Bernard Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiac Device ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
One Year

Infective endocarditis is a heterogeneous condition whose incidence is rising. Despite advances in surgery and diagnostic methods, one-year mortality has not changed and it remains at 30%. Patients with prosthetic valve and intra-cardiac device–related endocarditis are being seen more frequently and this condition is difficult to diagnose with conventional microbiological and imaging techniques. The modified Duke criteria lack sensitivity in this group and should be supplemented with newer imaging techniques, including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this article, we discuss these techniques and their role in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

Advanced Neuroimaging for Modern Epilepsy Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Doris D Wang ◽  
Carlos Santos-Sanchez ◽  
Paul A Garcia ◽  
Edward F Chang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neurological Morbidity ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Localising the onset of seizures to guide epilepsy surgery can be notoriously difficult. Modern neuroimaging has revolutionised the field by improving the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. In order to ameliorate seizures without causing new neurological morbidity, many imaging tools have been developed to guide safe and effective resective surgery. In this article, we discuss recent advances in structural imaging using ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging, metabolic functional imaging techniques of positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography and electrophysiological imaging using magnetoencephalography. Our goal is to provide an overview of these state-of-the-art imaging modalities, their role in guiding surgery, and how they are incorporated into the pre-surgical evaluation of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Role of Magnetic Resonance in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. MRI.S973 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Huda ◽  
R.K. Gupta ◽  
N. Rajakumar ◽  
M.A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

A spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities caused by portosystemic venous shunting occurs in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients with or without liver dysfunction. It is not completely clear how the astrocyte swelling leads to glial-neuronal dysfunction, and how the symptoms are manifested in HE. A major goal of this work is to review the current status of information available from the existing magnetic resonance (MR) modalities including MR imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopy (MRS) as well as other modalities in the understanding the pathogenesis of HE. First, we discuss briefly neuron-histopathology, neurotoxins, neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests. A short review on the progress with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) is then presented. In the remaining part of the manuscript, the following topics pertinent to understanding the pathogenesis of HE are discussed: MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), one-dimensional MRS based single- and multi-voxel based spectroscopic imaging techniques and two-dimensional MRS.

Combination of Brain Functional Imaging Techniques

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margitta Seeck ◽  
L Spinelli ◽  
Jean Gotman ◽  
Fernando H. Lopes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Source Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Several tools are available to map brain electrical activity. Clinical applications focus on epileptic activity, although electric source imaging (ESI) and electroencephalography-coupled functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG–fMRI) are also used to investigate non-epileptic processes in healthy subjects. While positron-emission tomography (PET) reflects glucose metabolism, strongly linked with synaptic activity, and single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) reflects blood flow, fMRI (BOLD) signals have a hemodynamic component that is a surrogate signal of neuronal (synaptic) activity. The exact interpretation of BOLD signals is not completely understood; even in unifocal epilepsy, more than one region of positive or negative BOLD is often observed. Co-registration of medical images is essential to answer clinical questions, particularly for presurgical epilepsy evaluations. Multimodal imaging can yield information about epileptic foci and underlying networks. Co-registering MRI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, and ESI (or magnetic source imaging) provides information to estimate the epileptogenic zone and can help optimize surgical results.

scholarly journals Molecular SPECT Imaging: An Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy M. Khalil ◽  
Jordi L. Tremoleda ◽  
Tamer B. Bayomy ◽  
Willy Gsell
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Molecular imaging has witnessed a tremendous change over the last decade. Growing interest and emphasis are placed on this specialized technology represented by developing new scanners, pharmaceutical drugs, diagnostic agents, new therapeutic regimens, and ultimately, significant improvement of patient health care. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have their signature on paving the way to molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine. The former will be the topic of the current paper where the authors address the current position of the molecular SPECT imaging among other imaging techniques, describing strengths and weaknesses, differences between SPECT and PET, and focusing on different SPECT designs and detection systems. Radiopharmaceutical compounds of clinical as well-preclinical interest have also been reviewed. Moreover, the last section covers several application, of SPECT imaging in many areas of disease detection and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Molecular Imaging Probes Based on Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors (MMPIs)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangasamy ◽  
Geronimo ◽  
Ortín ◽  
Coderch ◽  
Zapico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Molecular Imaging Probes ◽  
Imaging Probes

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases which are secreted or anchored in the cell membrane and are capable of degrading the multiple components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs are frequently overexpressed or highly activated in numerous human diseases. Owing to the important role of MMPs in human diseases, many MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been developed as novel therapeutics, and some of them have entered clinical trials. However, so far, only one MMPI (doxycycline) has been approved by the FDA. Therefore, the evaluation of the activity of a specific subset of MMPs in human diseases using clinically relevant imaging techniques would be a powerful tool for the early diagnosis and assessment of the efficacy of therapy. In recent years, numerous MMPIs labeled imaging agents have emerged. This article begins by providing an overview of the MMP subfamily and its structure and function. The latest advances in the design of subtype selective MMPIs and their biological evaluation are then summarized. Subsequently, the potential use of MMPI-labeled diagnostic agents in clinical imaging techniques are discussed, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and optical imaging (OI). Finally, this article concludes with future perspectives and clinical utility.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING IN NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Granov ◽  
L. A. Tyutin ◽  
A. A. Stanzhevskii
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Analysis of use of nuclear medicine imaging (positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy of central nervous system diseases is presented in this review. The possibility of radionuclide imaging techniques in different variants of dementia, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors is demonstrated on the basis of personal authors experience and recent literature data. Results of PET application in evaluating of the effecacy of stereotactic interventions in patients with anxiety obsessive disorders are also described in the review. 

Neuroimaging Promises and Caveats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Nugent ◽  
Maura L. Furey
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Neuroscience research has clearly demonstrated neurological correlates of psychological disorders. We believe that neuroscience, particularly neuroimaging, has great potential to increase our understanding of these disorders, leading to more effective treatments, prevention, and perhaps even cure. Nevertheless, the popular media is replete with misinformation and exaggerated claims. The present chapter is intended to give the reader the necessary knowledge to critically evaluate neuroimaging studies of psychological disorders. We provide an overview of all the major neuroimaging techniques, example studies relevant to psychological disorders (with a particular emphasis on depression), particular pitfalls and caveats associated with each technique, and the promise of each technique. We first cover the nuclear imaging techniques, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). We then explore several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, both structural and functional. Finally, we give an overview of the electrophysiological techniques, electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Each of these techniques has particular strengths, and particular weaknesses. At this point, none of these tools are diagnostic, but each one provides a unique window into psychological disorders. When applied in a methodologically rigorous and statistically rigorous manner, neuroimaging has great promise for achieving greater understanding of psychological disorders, and relieving the great burdens they cause.

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