scholarly journals Individual, age and sex differences in fiber type composition of slow and fast muscles of adult Lewis rats: comparison with other rat strains

2010 ◽  
pp. 783-801
Author(s):  
P Novák ◽  
G Zachařová ◽  
T Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Slow Type ◽  
Edl Muscle

We analyzed fiber type composition of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of 3- to 19-month-old male and female inbred Lewis rats using histochemical demonstration of mATPase activity. The rats were divided into four groups of the mean age of 3, 6, 9 and 14 months. We found that the soleus muscle of 3-month-old rats contained significantly more of fast 2A fibers and less of slow type 1 fibers compared to older rats, while no significant difference was found between female and male rats at any age group. In contrast, we found no significant difference in the EDL fiber type composition among the age groups, but we found that the EDL muscle of female rats contained significantly less 2A fibers and more 2B fibers than that of male animals. Our results thus revealed an age difference in the soleus muscle and a sex difference in the EDL muscle among postnatal Lewis rats. The number of slow type 1 fibers in the soleus muscle varied between 87 and 100 % and that of 2A fibers between 13 and 0 %. In the EDL the percentage of type 1 fibers varied between 2.6 and 8.7 %, that of 2A fibers between 12.6 and 25.8 % and that of 2B fibers between 70.4 and 81.6 %. Both muscles thus exhibited a considerable degree of variability among individual animals even in the same age group. Furthermore, a comparison of the Lewis rats with literature data of other rat strains showed that the number of fast 2A fibers in the soleus muscle of 4-month-old and older animals decreased in this order: SHR > Lister Hooded > Fisher 344 > SpragueDawley > Wistar > WBN/Kob > Lewis strain, being almost 20 % in the SHR and less than 2 % in the Lewis rats. In contrast, the “fastest” composition (judged according to the percentage of the fastest 2B fibers) of the EDL muscle was demonstrated by Lewis, Wistar and Fisher 344 rats (about 75 %), while Sprague-Dawley and WBN/Kob rats contained only about 50 % of 2B fibers. The percentage of slow type 1 fibers in the EDL was low in all strains (about 5 %). Our results thus show that the individual, age and sex as well as inter-strain differences in muscle fiber type composition should not be ignored when comparing results of different studies. We also demonstrated that the inbred Lewis strain appears to have more “specialized” muscle composition, as its soleus is the “slowest” and its EDL is the “fastest” among the routinely used rat strains.

Intermittent cold exposure causes a muscle-specific shift in the fiber type composition in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Walters ◽  
S. H. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Type I Fibers

We examined the effect of long-term intermittent cold exposure on the fiber type composition of the predominantly type I soleus and the predominantly type IIb extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats. Cold exposure was accomplished by submerging the rats in shoulder-deep water, maintained at 20 +/- 0.5 degrees C, for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, for < or = 19 wk. The efficacy of the treatment was tested by subjecting both groups to 20 degrees C water for 45 min while rectal temperature (Tre) and O2 consumption (VO2) were measured. The cold-exposed group displayed a 22% smaller reduction in Tre (P < 0.05) at the end of the exposure and 23% greater VO2 (P < 0.05) during the same period. Fiber type composition was determined using routine histochemical methods for myosin-adenosinetriphosphatase. In the soleus muscle of the cold-exposed rats, the number of type IIa fibers increased 156% (P < 0.05) and the number of type I fibers decreased 24% (P < 0.05). Cold exposure had no significant influence on the fiber type composition of the EDL muscle. Cold exposure resulted in an increase in citrate synthase activity of 20 and 22% in the soleus and EDL muscles, respectively (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that intermittent cold exposure induces a type I-to-type IIa transformation in the soleus muscle while having no influence on the EDL muscle.

Ischemia-induced alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in rat soleus and EDL muscles

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. C1942-C1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Green ◽  
N. H. McKee ◽  
A. J. Carvalho ◽  
J. C. Dossett-Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type Composition

To investigate the time-dependent effects of ischemia, as modified by muscle fiber type composition, on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (total minus basal) was measured in homogenates prepared from samples obtained from rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of ischemic and contralateral controls. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of blood flow to one hindlimb for periods of 1, 2, and 3 h (n = 10 per group). In EDL, maximal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (expressed in mumol.g wet wt-1.min-1) was higher (P < 0.05) in ischemic than in control at 1 h (80 +/- 10 vs. 56.5 +/- 5.3) and increased progressively with ischemia at both 2 h (88 +/- 4.6 vs. 53.1 +/- 2.8) and 3 h (116 +/- 3.8 vs. 67.8 +/- 3.2). In contrast, in soleus, increases (P < 0.05) in Ca(2+)-ATPase activity with ischemia were observed at 2 h (19.2 +/- 0.86 vs. 14.0 +/- 0.56) and 3 h (19.9 +/- 1.4 vs. 12.4 +/- 0.62) but not at 1 h (10.7 +/- 1.5 vs. 10.0 +/- 0.83). In both EDL and soleus, basal Mg(2+)-ATPase was unchanged with ischemia. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that ischemia results in an increase in the maximal SR Ca(2+)-ATPase activity but that the time course of the change is dependent on the fiber type composition of the muscle.

scholarly journals Changes in Triacylglycerol-Accumulated Fiber Type, Fiber Type Composition, and Biogenesis in the Mitochondria of the Soleus Muscle in Obese Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 294 (11) ◽  
pp. 1904-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuhei Kaneko ◽  
Ryo-Hei Iida ◽  
Takeo Suga ◽  
Tadayoshi Fukui ◽  
Mitsuhiko Morito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Type Fiber

scholarly journals Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms Along Intrafusal Fibers of Rat Soleus Muscle Spindles After 14 Days of Hindlimb Unloading

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1543-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. De-Doncker ◽  
F. Picquet ◽  
G. Butler Browne ◽  
M. Falempin
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrafusal Fibers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Slow Type ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle

Morphological, contractile, histochemical, and electrophoretical characteristics of slow postural muscles are altered after hindlimb unloading (HU). However, very few data on intrafusal fibers (IFs) are available. Our aim was to determine the effects of 14 days of hindlimb unloading on the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of IF in rat soleus muscle. Thirty-three control and 32 unloaded spindles were analyzed. The number and distribution of muscle spindles did not appear to be affected after unloading. There was no significant difference in number, cross-sectional area, and histochemical properties of IF between the two groups. However, after unloading, a significant decrease in slow type 1 MHC isoform and a slight increase in slow-tonic MHC expression were observed in the B and C regions of the bag1 fibers. The α-cardiac MHC expression was significantly decreased along the entire length of the bag2 fibers and in the B and C regions of the bag1 fibers. In 12 muscle spindles, the chain fibers expressed the slow type 1 and α-cardiac MHC isoforms over a short distance of the A region, although these isoforms are not normally expressed. The most striking finding of the study was the relative resistance of muscle spindles to perturbation induced by HU.

scholarly journals Comparison of Myosin Heavy Chain mRNAs, Protein Isoforms and Fiber Type Proportions in the Rat Slow and Fast Muscles

2013 ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ŽURMANOVÁ ◽  
T. SOUKUP
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition

We studied the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms at mRNA and protein levels as well as fiber type composition in the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow soleus (SOL) twitch muscles of adult inbred Lewis strain rats. Comparison of the results from Real Time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and fiber type analysis showed corresponding proportions of MyHC transcripts (MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b), protein isoforms (MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b) and fiber types (type 1, 2A, 2X/D, 2B) in both muscles. Furthermore, we found that slow MyHC-1 mRNA expression in the SOL was up to three orders higher than that of fast MyHC transcripts. This finding can explain the predominance of MyHC-1 isoform and fiber type 1 and the absence of pure 2X/D and 2B fibers in the SOL muscle. Based on our data presenting quantitative evidence of corresponding proportions between mRNA level, protein content and fiber type composition, we suggest that the Real Time RT-PCR technique can be used as a routine method for analysis of muscle composition changes and could be advantageous for the analysis of scant biological samples such as muscle biopsies in humans.

Regulation of carbonic anhydrase III by thyroid hormone: opposite modulation in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscle

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 790-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Frémont ◽  
Claude Lazure ◽  
Roland R. Tremblay ◽  
Michel Chrétien ◽  
Peter A. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Iii ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Slow Twitch

This laboratory previously reported that a major 30 kilodalton (kDa) protein of the soluble cytoplasmic fraction of the rat slow-twitch soleus muscle is modulated by thyroid hormone. This protein has been purified and a portion of the primary structure has been determined. The sequence analysis suggested that the 30-kDa protein is carbonic anhydrase III (CA III; EC 4.2.1.1). The reaction of the protein with a CA III specific antibody and the similar modulation of CA III by thyroid hormone also support this conclusion. Immunochemical quantification of CA III and measurement of CA activity were performed in skeletal muscles of defined fiber-type composition from rats that were rendered hyperthyroid by treatment with 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine. These experiments revealed that CA activity and CA III content are deinduced in the soleus muscle (primarily type I fibers) and induced in the superficial vastus lateralis muscle (primarily type IIb), whereas no changes were detected in the tibialis anterior muscle (primary type IIa). These results show that the modulation of CA III by thyroid hormone in rat skeletal muscle is not limited to the slow-twitch soleus muscle and that the amplitude and direction of this modulation are directly related to the initial fiber-type composition of the skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Expression of the Skeletal Calsequestrin Isoform in Normal and Regenerated Skeletal Muscles and in the Hearts of Rats With Altered Thyroid Status

2012 ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SOUKUP ◽  
V. SULIMENKO ◽  
V. MARKOVÁ ◽  
K. KOPECKÁ ◽  
G. ZACHAŘOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Slow Type ◽  
Old Rats

We have investigated expression of skeletal calsequestrin (CSQ1) and fiber type composition in normal and regenerated fast and slow skeletal muscles and in the left heart ventricles of euthyroid (EU), hypothyroid (HY) and hyperthyroid (TH) adult inbred Lewis strain rats. The CSQ1 level was determined by SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. CSQ1 gene expression was assessed using reverse transcription and subsequent real time polymerase chain reaction. Muscle regeneration was achieved by intramuscular grafting of either soleus or extensor digitorum longus (EDL) from 3- to 4-week-old rats to either EDL or soleus muscle of 2-month-old rats. The fiber type composition was assessed by a stereological method applied to stained muscle cross sections. We found that the protein and mRNA levels for CSQ1 were highest in the EDL muscle, the relative CSQ1 protein levels in the soleus muscle were two times lower and the transcript levels more than 5 times lower compared to the EDL. In the left heart ventricle, protein isoform and CSQ1 transcript were also present, although at protein level, CSQ1 was hardly detectable. TH status increased and HY status decreased the expression of CSQ1 in the EDL, but its relative levels in the soleus and in the heart did not change. The regenerated soleus transplanted into EDL, as well as EDL transplanted into soleus exhibited protein and mRNA levels of CSQ1 corresponding to the host muscle and not to the graft source. TH status increased the percentages of the fastest 2X/D and 2B fibers at the expense of slow type 1 and fast 2A fibers in the EDL and that of fast 2A fibers in the soleus at the expense of slow type 1 fibers. HY status led to converse fiber type changes. We suggest that the observed changes in CSQ1 levels in TH and HY compared to EU rats can be related to fiber type changes caused by alteration of the thyroid status rather than to the direct effect of thyroid hormones on CSQ1 gene expression.

Fiber type composition of four hindlimb muscles of adult Fisher 344 rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Staron ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Robert S. Hikida ◽  
Andy C. Fry ◽  
Jerry D. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Type Composition
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