scholarly journals The Role of Nitrate and Nitric Oxide in Muscle Blood Flow in Exercise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow

Nitric oxide and muscle blood flow in exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Tschakovsky ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Exercise Hyperemia ◽  
Blood Flow Control

Despite being the subject of investigation for well over 100 years, the nature of exercising muscle blood flow control remains, in many respects, poorly understood. In this review we focus on the potential role of nitric oxide in vasodilation of muscle resistance vessels during a bout of exercise. Its contribution is explored in the context of whether it contributes to steady-state exercise hyperemia, the dynamic adjustment of muscle blood flow to exercise, or the modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising muscle. It appears that the obligatory role of nitric oxide in all three of these categories is modest at best. The elucidation of the integrated nature of exercise hyperemia control in terms of synergy and redundancy of mechanism interaction remains in its infancy, and much more remains to be learned about the role of nitric oxide in this type of integrated control.

Role of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle blood flow at rest and during dynamic exercise in humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. H405-H410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickner ◽  
J. S. Fisher ◽  
A. A. Ehsani ◽  
W. M. Kohrt
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
And Control

The role of nitric oxide at rest and in the active hyperemic response within skeletal muscle was investigated in eight physically active men. Three microdialysis probes were inserted into the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps femoris muscle group in each subject. Microdialysis probes were perfused with a Ringer solution containing 5.0 mM ethanol, 2.5 mM glucose, and either 10 mg/ml of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) monoacetate salt, 30 mg/ml of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine, or no additional substance (control probe). Subjects performed one-legged cycling exercise at work rates ranging from 25 to 100 W. Dialysate and perfusate ethanol concentrations were presented as the ratio of [ethanol]dialysate to [ethanol]perfusate (ethanol outflow-to-inflow ratio), an indicator that is inversely related to blood flow. The ethanol outflow-to-inflow ratios at rest were 0.614 +/- 0.032, 0.523 +/- 0.023, and 0.578 +/- 0.039 in the L-NMMA, L-arginine, and control probes, respectively. Calculated resting blood flows were therefore 8.7 +/- 4.1, 20.5 +/- 4.6, and 14.0 +/- 4.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1 around the L-NMMA, L-arginine, and control probes, respectively. The ethanol outflow-to-inflow ratios were significantly higher at all exercise intensities in the L-NMMA probe than in the control and L-arginine probes, resulting in calculated blood flows of 195 +/- 55, 407 +/- 47, and 352 +/- 60 ml.min-1.100 g-1 at 25 W and 268 +/- 65, 602 +/- 129, and 519 +/- 113 ml.min-1.100 g-1 at 100 W around the L-NMMA, L-arginine, and control probes, respectively. Skeletal muscle blood flow was therefore reduced both at rest and during continuous, dynamic exercise by the action of L-NMMA, whereas blood flow was increased only at rest by L-arginine.

Role of Nitric Oxide on Papillary Blood Flow and Pressure Natriuresis

Hypertension ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Fenoy ◽  
Paloma Ferrer ◽  
Luis Carbonell ◽  
Miguel García-Salom
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pressure Natriuresis

scholarly journals The role of nitric oxide and endothelin on optic nerve head blood flow autoregulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A28
Author(s):  
Doreen Schmidl ◽  
Agnes Boltz ◽  
Semira Kaya ◽  
René Werkmeister ◽  
Reinhard Told ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head

Disruption of renal peritubular blood flow in lipopolysaccharide-induced renal failure: role of nitric oxide and caspases

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (6) ◽  
pp. F1324-F1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish M. Tiwari ◽  
Robert W. Brock ◽  
Judit K. Megyesi ◽  
Gur P. Kaushal ◽  
Philip R. Mayeux
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Peritubular Capillary ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Peritubular Capillary Perfusion

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequent and serious complication of endotoxemia caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and contributes significantly to mortality. The present studies were undertaken to examine the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and caspase activation on renal peritubular blood flow and apoptosis in a murine model of LPS-induced ARF. Male C57BL/6 mice treated with LPS ( Escherichia coli) at a dose of 10 mg/kg developed ARF at 18 h. Renal failure was associated with a significant decrease in peritubular capillary perfusion. Vessels with no flow increased from 7 ± 3% in the saline group to 30 ± 4% in the LPS group ( P < 0.01). Both the inducible NO synthase inhibitor l- N6-1-iminoethyl-lysine (l-NIL) and the nonselective caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD) prevented renal failure and reversed perfusion deficits. Renal failure was also associated with an increase in renal caspase-3 activity and an increase in renal apoptosis. Both l-NIL and Z-VAD prevented these changes. LPS caused an increase in NO production that was blocked by l-NIL but not by Z-VAD. Taken together, these data suggest NO-mediated activation of renal caspases and the resulting disruption in peritubular blood flow are an important mechanism of LPS-induced ARF.

Biphasic effect of hydrogen peroxide on skeletal muscle arteriolar tone via activation of endothelial and smooth muscle signaling pathways

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csongor Csekő ◽  
Zsolt Bagi ◽  
Akos Koller
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Prostaglandin H ◽  
Arteriolar Tone

We hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a role in the local regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow, thus significantly affecting the myogenic tone of arterioles. In our study, we investigated the effects of exogenous H2O2 on the diameter of isolated, pressurized (at 80 mmHg) rat gracilis skeletal muscle arterioles (diameter of ∼150 μm). Lower concentrations of H2O2 (10−6–3 × 10−5 M) elicited constrictions, whereas higher concentrations of H2O2 (6 × 10−5–3 × 10−4 M), after initial constrictions, caused dilations of arterioles (at 10−4 M H2O2, −19 ± 1% constriction and 66 ± 4% dilation). Endothelium removal reduced both constrictions (to −10 ± 1%) and dilations (to 33 ± 3%) due to H2O2. Constrictions due to H2O2 were completely abolished by indomethacin and the prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 (PGH2/TxA2) receptor antagonist SQ-29548. Dilations due to H2O2 were significantly reduced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (to 38 ± 7%) but were unaffected by clotrimazole or sulfaphenazole (inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 enzymes), indomethacin, or SQ-29548. In endothelium-denuded arterioles, clotrimazole had no effect, whereas H2O2-induced dilations were significantly reduced by charybdotoxin plus apamin, inhibitors of Ca2+-activated K+ channels (to 24 ± 3%), the selective blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channels glybenclamide (to 14 ± 2%), and the nonselective K+-channel inhibitor tetrabutylammonium (to −1 ± 1%). Thus exogenous administration of H2O2 elicits 1) release of PGH2/TxA2 from both endothelium and smooth muscle, 2) release of nitric oxide from the endothelium, and 3) activation of K+ channels, such as Ca2+-activated and ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the smooth muscle resulting in biphasic changes of arteriolar diameter. Because H2O2 at low micromolar concentrations activates several intrinsic mechanisms, we suggest that H2O2 contributes to the local regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Role of nitric oxide in angiotensin IV-induced increases in cerebral blood flow

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikö A. Kramár ◽  
Radhika Krishnan ◽  
Joseph W. Harding ◽  
John W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Angiotensin Iv
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