This chapter reviews the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Wisconsin v. Yoder et al. and argues that it not only empowered Amish communities, but also encouraged Amish diversity by making it easier for them to operate their own one-room schoolhouses. As Ordnungs have changed, permitting a greater range of occupations, so too have the behaviors that characterize Amish life. And as Amish communities become more diverse, they will challenge secular authority in different ways. This is certainly true in New York State, where nearly two centuries after the first Amish arrived, New York Amish church communities continue to grow in both size and number. However, there is reason to believe that the State's Amish population will not continue to expand, challenging both Amish and non-Amish residents to accept new neighbors who look and act differently.