scholarly journals EFFECT OF ACUPRESSURE THERAPY POINT LI 4, SP 6, AND BL 60 ON DURATION OF THE FIRST STAGE OF LABOR IN PRIMIGRAVIDA AND NEWBORN’S APGAR SCORE

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-701
Author(s):  
Fara Imelda Theresia Patty ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Ngadiyono Ngadiyono ◽  
Mardiyono Mardiyono
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Stage Of Labor

Background: The prolonged partus is one of the causes of maternal deaths marked by the slow progress of labor. Induction of labor and caesarean section is a common procedure performed on long-term partus events to end pregnancy. The birth acupressure technique is a complementary method to activate the hormone oxytocin at a certain point to use to soften the cervix and increase contraction.Objective: To examine the effect of acupressure point LI4, SP6 and BL60 on the duration of the first stage of labor and APGAR Score of newborn in primigravida.Methods: This research employed a Quasy experimental study with posttest control group design. It was conducted at the Public Health Center of Trauma and Public Health Center of Palaran Samarinda, East Kalimantan. There were 40 respondents selected using purposive sampling, which 20 respondents assigned in the experiment and control group. The duration of the first stage of labor was assessed using partograph and APGAR Score was assessed using APGAR Score assessment sheets. Mann Whitney test was used for data analysisResults: Findings showed that the duration of the first stage of labor in the experiment group was 187 minutes and in the control group was 307 minutes. Mann Whitney test obtained p-value 0.001 (<0.05), which indicated that there was a statistically significant difference of the duration of the first stage of labor between both groups. However, Mann Whitney test for APGAR score showed p-value 0.114 (>0.05), which indicated that there was no significant difference of APGAR score in the experiment and control group.Conclusion: There was a significant effect of acupressure on the duration of the first stage of labor, but no effect of the APGAR score. Therefore, acupressure may be recommended to shorten the duration of the first stage of delivery in primigravida.

scholarly journals Pemberian Bubur Tempe terhadap Lamanya Diare Akut pada Balita di Puskesmas Puruk Cahu

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Happy Marthalena Simanungkalit ◽  
Muliana Muliana
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Post

Diarrhea is currently still the third leading cause of under-five mortality after pneumonia. Diarrhea is one of the diseases that causes death and illness in toddlers every year. One result of diarrhea is nutritional disorders due to reduced food intake, vomiting, hypoglycemia, dehydration which causes metabolic balance disorders because fluid intake is not balanced with expenditure through vomiting and diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the duration of diarrhea when giving tempeh porridge to toddlers at the Puruk Cahu Health Center. The design of this study is analytic research with this type of research is Quasi Experiment using the design of the Group Control Post Test Only Design. The population in this study were toddlers who had acute diarrhea in the working area of ​​Puruk Cahu Health Center, Murung Raya Regency and the sample size was 38 people (19 people as the control group and 19 experimental groups). The statistical test used in this study was the Mann Whitney test. The results of statistical tests using the Mann Whitney test found that p value = 0.002 means the value of p value < alpha (0.05), meaning that there is an effect of giving tempe porridge to the duration of diarrhea at Puruk Cahu Health Center. Diarrhea in the group that was not given tempeh porridge lasted longer than the group that was given tempeh porridge. The Conclusion is that there is a difference in the duration of acute diarrhea in the administration of tempe porridge for toddlers at the Puruk Cahu Health Center.

scholarly journals METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY AND STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT SMK N 1 KOTA BENGKULU

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Herlina Syafrianti ◽  
Bambang Suwarno ◽  
Elfrida .
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Metacognitive Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

This research aimed to know the effect of using metacognitive strategy towards student’s reading comprehension. The design was quasi-experimental. The sample consists of 69 students in two classes. The instrument consists of reading test which was tried out. The treatment for the experiment group was metacognitive strategy and for the control group was the strategy that the teacher use in the class. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test. The activity in the classroom during six meetings, two meetings for pre-test and post-test and four meetings for teaching in the classroom. The data was analyzed by The Wilcoxon Test and The Mann-Whitney Test. The Wilcoxon Test for the control group showed that there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The Wilcoxon test for the experiment group showed that there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The Mann-Whitney test for pre-test showed that there was no significant difference between experiment and control class. The Mann-Whitney test for post-test showed that there was significant difference between experiment and control class. Finding of the research showed that, there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test for the experiment class and there was significant differece between experiment and control class for post-test result. This result indicated that there was an effect of metacognitive strategy towards student’s reading comprehension

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kemampuan Interpretasi Electrocardiogram (ECG) Perawat Dengan Pembelajaran Pelatihan Dan Multimedia Di RSUD Dr. Soeratno Sragen

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rifai ◽  
Dwi Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Training

Abstract: Level Of Ability Of Nurses, ECG Interpretation. American Heart Association (AHA) in 2011, recorded more than 1.000.000 people have heart attacks every year, half died from the heart attack and in Europe figures reach 20,000-40,000 CHD patients than 1,000,000 population. In Indonesia in 2002 with acute myocardial infarction disease is the first cause of death with a mortality rate of 220,000 (14%). The purpose of this study to determine the level of ability to interpret ECG nurse in RSUD dr. Soeratno Gemolong Sragen. This research is an experimental approach to Pre-TestPost Test Group design. through research hypothesis testing. The study population was a nurse amounted to 50 respondents divided into two groups. 30 respondents as the treatment group and 20 respondents as the control group. Statistical tests on the group in pairs using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test and unpaired pad groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test can be concluded that the 30 respondents who do the training interpretation of ECG by means of training and training using the modules can be drawn the conclusion that the majority of nurses had good knowledge in terms of ability to interpret ECG with p-value 0.001, which means there are significant differences between before and after doing the training. While the results of the Mann-Whitney test the difference between training and training in how to use the module p-value 0.001, which means there is a significant difference training by way of training and training in how to use the module.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS RELAKSASI HYPNOBIRTHING TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT NYERI DAN KESTABILAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PERSALINAN KALA I

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Lestari Puji Astuti ◽  
Arista Adityasari Putri ◽  
Kuminah .
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
District Health ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
First Stage Of Labor

Lestari Puji Astuti1), Arista Adityasari Putri2),, Kuminah 3)1), 3) Program Studi SarjanaTerapan Kebidanan STIKes Karya Husada Semarang(2) Program Studi S1 Keperawatan STIKes Karya Husada SemarangE-mail: [email protected] Belakang : Nyeri selama persalinan menyebabkan penderitaan dan stres serta peningkatan tekanan darah, peningkatan denyut nadi, pernafasan, keringat, diameter pupil dan meningkatkan ketegangan otot. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas relaksasi hypnobirthing terhadap tingkat nyeri dan tekanan darah pada persalinan kala I: Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimental design rancangan post test only control group. Sampel sebanyak 34 ibu bersalin dengan 17 kelompok perlakuan dan 17 kelompok kontrol pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Accidental Sampling. Analisis menggunakan Mann-Whitney Test. Hasil: Persalinan kala I dilakukan relaksasi hypnobirthing memiliki tingkat nyeri terendah 0 dan tertinggi 3, memiliki tekanan darah systole terendah 105mmHg tertinggi 127,9mmHg, dan diastole terendah 70mmHg tertinggi 90mmHg. Ibu bersalin pada kala I tidak dilakukan relaksasi hypnobirthing sebagian besar mengalami tingkat nyeri terendah 0 dan tertinggi 6, memiliki tekanan darah systole terendah 110mmHg, tertinggi 145mmHg dan diastole terendah 80mmHg, tertinggi 90mmHg. Kesimpulan:Relaksasi hypnobirting efektif terhadap penurunan tingkat nyeri pada persalinan kala I (p value 0,001 < 0,05) dan efektif  terhadap kestabilan tekanan darah pada persalinan kala I (p value systole 0,014 < 0,05dan p-valuediastole 0,000<0,05). Saran : bidan diharapkan meningkatkan kualitas asuhan pada ibu bersalin dengan kemampuan hypnobirting yang terbukti efektif dalam pengurangan nyeri persalinan dan menjaga kestabilan tekanan daran ibu bersalin.Kata Kunci: Relaksasi hypnobirthing, nyeri, tekanan darahTHE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYPNOBIRTHING RELAXATION ON DECREASE IN PAIN AND BLOOD PRESSURE STABILITY ON LABOR INABSTRACTBackground: Pain during chilbirth cause suffering and stress as well as increased blood pressure, increased pulse, respiration, sweat, pupil diameter and increased muscle tension. The purpose of This research was knowing the effectiveness of hypnobirthing relaxation to level of pain and blood pressure on first stage of birthing. Research Method : Research method used quosi experimental  design with post test only with control group. Samples were 34 maternal mother, taking sample with technique Accidental Sampling. Analysis used Mann-Whitney Test Results: The first stage of birthing did hypnobirthing relaxation have level pain lowest 0 and highest 3, have blood pressure the lowest systole was 105mmHg, the highest was 127.9mmHg, and the lowest diastole was 70mmHg, the highest was 90mmHg. The first stage of birthing did not do hypnobirthing relaxation most of the level pain lowest 0 and the highest 6, have blood  pressure the lowest systole was 110mmHg, the highest was 145mmHg and the lowest was 80mmHg, the highest was 90mmHg. Conclusion: hypnobirthing effective to reduce of pain in first stage of labor at the Gunungwungkal District Health Centre (p-value 0.0 01 <0.05) and effective to maintain of bood pressure in normal condition during first stage of labor at Gunungwungkal District Health Centre (p-value systole 0.0 14 <0.05 and p-value diastole 0,000 <0.05). Suggest : midwives are expected to improve the quality of care for mothers with hypnobirting abilities that are proven effective in reducing labor pain and maintaining stable blood pressure from the mother. Keywords: Blood pressure, hypnobirthing relaxation, pain

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI MELAKUKAN VAKSINASI HPV DI MAN 1 JOMBANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Mukhoirotin Mukhoirotin ◽  
Dian Tri Wulandari Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference

HPV vaccine is an early preventive measure to prevent cervical cancer in adolescents. But inits implementation it faces barriers from the cost of vaccine, acceptance, lack of awarenessand knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education onmotivation to HPV vaccination in MAN 1 Jombang. This research uses experimental quasydesign with pretest posttest control group design. The population of this study were 244respondents. Sampling using random sampling technique was 30 respondents (15 treatmentgroups and 15 control groups) that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatmentgroups were given health education and leaflets, control groups were given leaflets. Theinstruments used to measure motivation using questionnaires. Data were analyzed usingWilcoxon and Mann Whitney test with significance level . The results showed thatthere was an effect of health education on the motivation of HPV vaccination with p-value0,004 (p<α), there was significant difference in treatment group and control group afterhealth education with p-value 0,030 (p<α). Health education with leaflets is more effectiveto increase students' motivation to HPV vaccination compared with leaflets only.   Vaksin HPV merupakan cara pencegahan awal untuk mencegah kanker servik pada remaja.Namun dalam implementasinya menghadapi banyak halangan, dari biaya vaksin,penerimaan, kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untukmenentukan efek dari pendidikan kesehatan dalam motivasinya terhadap vaksinasi HPV diMAN 1 Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasy dengan desainpengelompokan grup pre test dan post test. Populasi dari penelitian ini ada 244 responden.Sampling menggunakan teknik random sampling 30 responden (15 kelompok perawatan dan15 kelompok kontrol) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Kelompok perawatandiberikan pendidikan kesehatan dan leaflet, kontrol grup diberikan leaflet. Instrumen yangdigunakan untuk mengukur motivasi menggunakan kuisioner. Data dianalisa menggunakanWilcoxon dan Mann Whitney test dengan level . Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa ada efek pendidikan kesehatan terhadap motivasi vaksinasi HPV dengan p-value0,004 (p<α), ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara grup perawatan dan grup kontrol setelahpendidikan kesehatan dengan p-value 0,030 (p<α). Kesimpulan: pendidikan kesehatandengan leaflet lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa terhadap vaksinasi HPVdibandingkan dengan leaflet saja.

scholarly journals The Combination of Softball Handling Exercise and ROM Increases Upper Extremity Muscle Strength in Non-Haemoragic Stroke Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ade Lestiani Limaretha ◽  
Mugi Hartoyo ◽  
Syamsul Arif
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
And Control

Background: Stroke is a brain tissues damage caused by blood supply disruption to the brain. Effects that often occurs in stroke patients is weakness in one side of the body, such as the upper extremity. Exercises to stimulate muscle hands strength can be a combination softball handling exercise and ROM. Purpose: This research aims to determine the effect of a combination softball handling exercise and ROM on muscle strength in non haemoragic stroke patients at Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Hospital.Methods: Type of research is Quasi Experiment with a non-rondomised control group pre-post test design. There were 32 respondents including in this research using purposive sampling to select the sample. The research data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test to determine the effect on the intervention group and control group, then tested using the Mann Whitney test to determine the effectiveness difference between a intervention group and control group.Results: the Wilcoxon Test showed that there was an effect of a combination softball handlingand ROM on muscle strength in non haemoragic stroke patients (p value 0.000), and there was an effect on the control group without intervention (p value 0.003). While the Mann Whitney test showed that the combination group was more effective in increasing the muscle strength p value = 0.001 (0.05).Conclusion: There is the effect of a combination of softball handling exercise and ROM on the strength of the extremity muscles over non haemoragic stroke pastients.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hypnotherapy using Induction Hanung Technique on the Level of Cigarette Dependence and Carbon Monoxide in Exhaled Breath among Active Smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Margiyati Margiyati ◽  
Meidiana Dwidiyanti ◽  
Diyan Yuli Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
And Control

Background: Smoking is a habit that causes many health problems. Nicotine substances in cigarettes cause addiction and carbon monoxide inhaled is poisonous. Hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique is an alternative which can be used to change someone’s smoking behaviors. This therapy is performed by giving hypnotic suggestions combined with a massage at acupuncture points of neguan, yintang, and taiyang. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effects of hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique on the level of cigarette dependence and carbon monoxide in exhaled breath among active smokers in Kesdam IV/ Diponegoro College of Nursing, Semarang.Methods: The present study employed a true-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 40 students were recruited as samples and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The intervention in the form of hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique was given for six times in two weeks. The instruments used were Fagerstorm Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and smokerlyzer. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test.Results: The results showed a decrease in the score of cigarette dependence level in the intervention group by 1.25 after the intervention was given with pretest mean value of 1.45 (SD=1.132). The result of Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the cigarette dependence score between the intervention and control groups with a pvalue of 0.028. The level of carbon monoxide in the exhaled breath also decreased by 8.80 ppm after the intervention from the pretest mean values of 12.55 (SD=6.669). The independent sample t-test result also showed a significant difference in the carbon monoxide level between the two groups with a p-value of 0.000.Conclusion: The present findings showed that hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique affected the level of cigarette dependence and carbon monoxide in exhaled breath among the active smokers. Based on the findings, this therapy is recommended as an alternative to nursing intervention for the smoking cessation programs.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Beet Juice and Red Guava Juice against Erythrocyte and Hematocrit Levels in Post-partum Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 821-825
Author(s):  
Cut Nurhasanah ◽  
Andri Idiana ◽  
Putri Santi ◽  
Yushida Yushida
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Post-partum physiological bleeding can cause post-partum mothers to experience anemia; often, post-partum mothers are limited by nutrient and fluid intake to keep the body strong and have ideal body weight. AIM: The aim of the study is to knowing the difference between beet juice and Guava juice on erythrocyte and hematocrit (HTC) levels in post-partum mothers at Darul Imarah Health Center, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test design using a randomized controlled trial. The population of post-partum mothers in the Darul Imarah Health Center, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District. The sample selection is purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria; the sample is 45 people. RESULTS: The results showed differences in erythrocyte and HTC levels between before and after giving guava and iron (Fe) juices with a p-value of 0.00 <0.05. Beet juice increases the average erythrocytes and HTC levels higher than guava juice. There were significant differences in erythrocyte levels in the guava + Fe, beet + Fe, and control (Fe) treatment groups with a p-value of 0.001 <0.05. the difference in the average difference in erythrocyte levels between the guava and beet treatment groups was 0.03. The treatment group Bit + Fe had a higher mean erythrocyte level different than the guava + the treatment group and the control group (Fe). There was a significant difference in HTC levels in the guava + Fe, beet + Fe, and control (Fe) treatment groups with a p-value of 0.001 <0.05. the difference in the average difference in erythrocyte levels between the guava and beet treatment groups was 0.03. The treatment group Bit + Fe had a higher mean difference in HTC levels than the guava + the treatment group and the control group (Fe). CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in erythrocytes and HTC levels between before and after giving guava juice and beet juice to post-partum mothers with a p-value of 0.00 <0.05. Beet juice increases the average level of erythrocytes and HTC, which is higher than guava juice in post-partum mothers at the Darul Imarah Health Center.

scholarly journals METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY AND STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT SMK N 1 KOTA BENGKULU

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Herlina Syafrianti ◽  
Bambang Suwarno ◽  
Elfrida .
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Metacognitive Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

This research aimed to know the effect of using metacognitive strategy towards student’s reading comprehension. The design was quasi-experimental. The sample consists of 69 students in two classes. The instrument consists of reading test which was tried out. The treatment for the experiment group was metacognitive strategy and for the control group was the strategy that the teacher use in the class. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test. The activity in the classroom during six meetings, two meetings for pre-test and post-test and four meetings for teaching in the classroom. The data was analyzed by The Wilcoxon Test and The Mann-Whitney Test. The Wilcoxon Test for the control group showed that there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The Wilcoxon test for the experiment group showed that there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The Mann-Whitney test for pre-test showed that there was no significant difference between experiment and control class. The Mann-Whitney test for post-test showed that there was significant difference between experiment and control class. Finding of the research showed that, there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test for the experiment class and there was significant differece between experiment and control class for post-test result. This result indicated that there was an effect of metacognitive strategy towards student’s reading comprehension.

Embitterment in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S359-S360 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sabic ◽  
A. Sabic
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to analyse frequency of embitterment in war veterans with Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as the potential impact of embitterment on the development of chronic PTSD.Patients and methodsIt was analyzed 174 subjects (from Health Center Zivinice/mental health center) through a survey conducted in the period from March 2015 to June 2016, of which 87 war veterans with PTSD and control subjects 87 war veterans without PTSD. The primary outcome measure was the post-traumatic embitterment disorder self-rating scale (PTED Scale) who contains 19 items designed to assess features of embitterment reactions to negative life events. Secondary efficacy measures included the clinician-administered PTSD scale–V (CAPS), the PTSD checklist (PCL), the combat exposure scale (CES), the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) and the World health organization quality of life scale (WHOQOL-Bref). All subjects were male. The average age of patients in the group war veterans with PTSD was 52.78 ± 5.99. In the control group, average age was 51.42 ± 5.98. Statistical data were analyzed in SPSS statistical program.ResultsComparing the results, t-tests revealed significant difference between group veterans with PTSD and control group (t = −21,21, P < 0.0001). War veterans group with PTSD (X = 51.41, SD = 8,91), control group (X = 14.39, SD = 13.61).ConclusionEmbitterment is frequent in war veterans with PTSD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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