scholarly journals Comparative studies on mycosporine-like amino acids, paralytic shellfish toxins and pigment profiles of the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense, A. catenella and A. minutum

2001 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
JI Carreto ◽  
MO Carignan ◽  
NG Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellates

scholarly journals Reevaluation of Production of Paralytic Shellfish Toxin by Bacteria Associated with Dinoflagellates of the Portuguese Coast

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5693-5698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Martins ◽  
Paula Alvito ◽  
Maria João Tavares ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Gregory Doucette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Portuguese Coast ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellates ◽  
Shellfish Toxin

ABSTRACT Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by certain dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial species. The autonomous production of PSTs by bacteria remains controversial. In this study, PST production by two bacterial strains, isolated previously from toxic dinoflagellates, was evaluated using biological and analytical methods. Analyses were performed under conditions determined previously to be optimal for toxin production and detection. Our data are inconsistent with autonomous bacterial PST production under these conditions, thereby challenging previous findings for the same strains.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of the Profile and Concentrations of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Tetrodotoxin in the Scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, Cultured in a Bay of East Japan

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Satoshi Numano ◽  
Yuta Kudo ◽  
Yuko Cho ◽  
Keiichi Konoki ◽  
Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
The World ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Bivalve Shellfish

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are the major neurotoxic contaminants of edible bivalves in Japan. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was recently detected in bivalve shellfish around the world, drawing widespread attention. In Japan, high levels of TTX were reported in the digestive gland of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, in 1993; however, no new data have emerged since then. In this study, we simultaneously analyzed PSTs and TTX in scallops cultured in a bay of east Japan using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-MS/MS. These scallops were temporally collected from April to December 2017. The highest concentration of PSTs (182 µmol/kg, total congeners) in the hepatopancreas was detected in samples collected on May 23, lined to the cell density of the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense, in seawater around the scallops, whereas the highest concentration of TTX (421 nmol/kg) was detected in samples collected on August 22. Contrary to the previous report, temporal variation of the PSTs and TTX concentrations did not coincide. The highest concentration of TTX in the entire edible tissues was 7.3 µg/kg (23 nmol/kg) in samples obtained on August 22, which was lower than the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)-proposed threshold, 44 µg TTX equivalents/kg shellfish meat. In addition, 12β-deoxygonyautoxin 3 was firstly identified in scallops.

Single-Laboratory Validation of the Neogen Qualitative Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Mussels and Oysters

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison R Turnbull ◽  
Jessica Y C Tan ◽  
Sarah C Ugalde ◽  
Gustaaf M Hallegraeff ◽  
Katrina Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Validation Study ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bivalve Shellfish

Abstract Detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalve shellfish by analytical methods is complicated and costly, requiring specific expertise and equipment. Following extensive blooms of Alexandrium tamarense Group 1 in Tasmania, Australia, an investigation was made into commercially available screening test kits suitable for use with the toxin profiles found in affected bivalves. The qualitative Neogen rapid test kit, with a modified protocol to convert gonyautoxins GTX1&4 and GTX2&3 into neosaxitoxin and saxitoxin (STX), respectively, with higher cross-reactivities, was the best fit-for-purpose. This validation study of the test kit and the modified protocol was undertaken following AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for the validation of qualitative binary chemistry methods. The validation used four different PST profiles representing natural profiles found in Australia and in Europe: two in a mussel matrix and two in an oyster matrix. The test kit was shown to have appropriate selectivity of the toxin analogs commonly found in bivalve shellfish. The matrix and probability of detection (POD) study showed that the rapid test kit used with the modified protocol was able to consistently detect PST at the bivalve regulatory level of 0.8 mg STX⋅2HCl eq/kg, with a POD estimated via the binomial logistic regression of 1.0 at 0.8 mg STX⋅2HCl eq/kg in all tested profiles in both matrixes. The POD at 0.4 mg STX⋅2HCl eq/kg was 0.75 and 0.46 for the two toxin profiles in an oyster matrix and 0.96 and 1.0 for the two toxin profiles in a mussel matrix. No significant differences in the PODs of the PSTs at the regulatory level were found between production lots of the test kits. The results suggest the method is suitable to undergo a collaborative validation study.

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