Zero, one or more broods: reproductive plasticity in response to temperature, food, and body size in the live-bearing rosy rockfish Sebastes rosaceus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Beyer ◽  
SH Alonzo ◽  
SM Sogard
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Plasticity ◽  
Response To Temperature

Body size and cell size in Drosophila: the developmental response to temperature

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon French ◽  
Marieke Feast ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Response To Temperature

EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BODY SIZE AND CELL SIZE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERIN RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE

Evolution ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Partridge ◽  
Brian Barrie ◽  
Kevin Fowler ◽  
Vernon French
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Response To Temperature

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Responses to Temperature of Drosophila melanogaster From a Latitudinal Cline

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avis C James ◽  
Ricardo B R Azevedo ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Latitudinal Variation ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Environmental Responses ◽  
Response To Temperature

Field-collected Drosophila melanogaster from 19 populations in Eastern Australia were measured for body size traits, and the measurements were compared with similar ones on flies from the same populations reared under standard laboratory conditions. Wild caught flies were smaller, and latitudinal trends in size were greater. Reduced size was caused by fewer cells in the wing, and the steeper cline by greater variation in cell area. The reduction in size in field-collected flies may therefore have been caused by reduced nutrition, and the steeper cline may have been caused by an environmental response to latitudinal variation in temperature. No evidence was found for evolution of size traits in response to laboratory culture. The magnitude of phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature of development time, body size, cell size and cell number was examined for six of the populations, to test for latitudinal variation in plasticity. All characters were plastic in response to temperature. Total development time showed no significant latitudinal variation in plasticity, although larval development time showed a marginally significant effect, with most latitudinal variation at intermediate rearing temperatures. Neither thorax length nor wing size and its cellular components showed significant latitudinal variation in plasticity.

scholarly journals Should I shrink or should I flow? – body size adjustment to thermo-oxygenic niche

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Walczyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Gudowska ◽  
Łukasz Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Tolerance Range ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Size Adjustment

AbstractOrganisms adjust their size according to temperature and supposedly also respond to its negative covariate, oxygen. To what extent is size a response to temperature or oxygen? We analyzed the thermo-oxygenic niche for the community of 188 rotifer species. Evolution toward ranges of thermal tolerance occurred separately from evolution toward their optima. Body size was adjusted to both temperature and oxygen, but the cues for body size response differed; size was either driven by optimal temperatures or by the oxygen tolerance range. Animals are clearly separated into generalists or specialists, and their evolutionary body size adjustment is realized through differential responses to environmental factors. Oxygen is as important as temperature in the evolution of body size and ecological niche preference. An important conclusion from this study is that oxygen deprivation following global warming seems to be as problematic for the studied organisms as the temperature increase itself.

scholarly journals Climate-Related Variation in Body Dimensions within Four Lacertid Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Volynchik
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Allen’S Rule ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Linear Statistical Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

A close relationship between habitat and external morphology is widespread among many animals, including reptiles. Here, I studied the relationship between abiotic environmental conditions and body size of four lacertid species (Phoenicolacerta laevis, Ophisops elegans, Acanthodactylus boskianus,andMesalina guttulata) occurring in Israel. I examined the effect of average annual temperature and average annual precipitation on body and limb dimensions, using linear statistical models. Temperature- and precipitation-related geographic clines in body size showed the same trend among all species. Females displayed stronger phenotypic response to temperature gradient than conspecific males, suggesting a sex-specific effect of natural selection. Snout-vent length (SVL) was negatively correlated with temperature, supporting Bergmann’s rule inO. elegansand in femaleP. laevisandA. boskianus, but not inM. guttulata.Precipitation was positively related to SVL inO. elegansandM. guttulata, and in femaleP. laevisandA. boskianus.The relative extremity lengths, especially hind limb segments, generally increase towards hot and dry locations, following Allen’s rule. Among the Mediterranean region species (P. laevis, O. elegans) the morphological-environmental link with temperature was stronger than in desert dwellers (A. boskianus, M. guttulata), for which precipitation was the major determinant of spatial variation.

scholarly journals Body size variability across habitats in the Brachionus plicatilis cryptic species complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Walczyńska ◽  
Manuel Serra
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractThe body size response to temperature is one of the most recognizable but still poorly understood ecological phenomena. Other covarying environmental factors are frequently invoked as either affecting the strength of that response or even driving this pattern. We tested the body size response in five species representing the Brachionus plicatilis cryptic species complex, inhabiting 10 brackish ponds with different environmental characteristics. Principal Component Analysis selected salinity and the oxygen concentration as the most important factors, while temperature and pH were less influential. Path analysis showed a positive interclonal effect of pH on body size. At the interspecific level, the size response was species and factor dependent. Under the lack of a thermos-oxygenic relationship, the expected negative response of size to temperature disappeared, but a positive response of size to oxygen remained. Our results confirm the driving role of oxygen in determining the size-to-temperature patterns observed in the field.

scholarly journals Aerobic scope does matter in temperature-size rule, but only under optimal conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Walczyńska ◽  
Anna Maria Labecka ◽  
Mateusz Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractWe united the theoretical predictions on the factors responsible for the occurrence and evolutionary significance of the temperature-size rule. We tested the causal connection among them assuming that (i) the temperature-size rule is the response to temperature-dependent oxygenic conditions, (ii) body size decrease is a consequence of cell shrinkage in response to exposure to hypoxia, (iii) this response enables to keep the wide scope for aerobic performance, and (iv) it prevents the decrease in fitness. We conducted our tests on three clones of the rotifer Lecane inermis with different thermal preferences. These clones were exposed to three experimental regimes: mild hypoxia, severe hypoxia driven by a too high temperature, and severe hypoxia driven by an inadequate oxygen concentration. The results showed that our causative reasoning was generally correct, but only under mildly hypoxic conditions. In more stressful environments, rotifers had clone- and condition-specific responses, which in fact were equally successful in terms of the levels of fitness. Our results join for the first time all factors connecting the cause and effect in the temperature-size rule. They indicate the importance of the conditions under which it should be tested. The most important messages from this study were that (i) a decrease in the body size was one of but not the only option for preventing fitness reduction under hypoxia, and (ii) such a response to higher temperature enabled the maintenance of wide aerobic scope in clone-specific, thermally optimal conditions.

Investigating the role of environment in pika (Ochotona) body size patterns across taxonomic levels, space, and time

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 804-816
Author(s):  
Marie L Westover ◽  
Felisa A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Habitat Variability ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Response To Environmental Change

Abstract Body size is an important trait in animals because it influences a multitude of additional life history traits. The causal mechanisms underlying body size patterns across spatial, temporal, and taxonomic hierarchies are debated, and of renewed interest in this era of climate change. Here, we tested multiple hypotheses regarding body mass patterns at the intraspecific and interspecific levels. We investigated body size patterns within a climate-sensitive small mammal species, Ochotona princeps (n = 2,873 individuals), across their range with local environmental variables. We also examined body mass of populations over time to determine if body size has evolved in situ in response to environmental change. At the interspecific level we compared the mean mass of 26 pika species (genus Ochotona) to determine if environmental temperatures, food availability, habitat variability, or range area influence body size. We found correlations between temperature, vegetation, and particularly precipitation variables, with body mass within O. princeps, but no linear relationship between body size and any climate or habitat variable for Ochotona species. Body size trends in relation to climate were stronger at the intraspecific than the interspecific level. Our results suggest that body size within O. princeps likely is related to food availability, and that body size evolution is not always a viable response to temperature change. Different mechanisms may be driving body size at the interspecific and intraspecific levels and factors other than environment, such as biotic interactions, may also be influential in determining body size over space and time.

scholarly journals Little difference in average fish growth and maximum size across temperatures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniël van Denderen ◽  
Henrik Gislason ◽  
Ken H. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Natural Communities

Ectotherms typically increase growth and reduce body size when temperature increases. This physiological response to temperature, termed the temperature-size rule (TSR), is often used to predict how rising temperatures with climate change will affect higher levels of organization, i.e. guilds, communities and ecosystems. Here we study whether faster growth and reduction in adult body size are observed with temperature across marine fish in natural communities from polar to tropical regions. We find no effect of increasing temperature on the average asymptotic body length of fish species present in ecosystems and only a limited increase in average growth of fish species in warmer systems.

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