scholarly journals Sea wrack delivery and accumulation on islands: factors that mediate marine nutrient permeability

2020 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
SB Wickham ◽  
N Shackelford ◽  
CT Darimont ◽  
W Nijland ◽  
LY Reshitnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Fucus Distichus ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
A Site ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Marine Derived Nutrients

Sea wrack provides an important vector of marine-derived nutrients to many terrestrial environments. However, little is known about the processes that facilitate wrack transport, deposition, and accumulation on islands. Three broad factors can affect the stock of wrack along shorelines: the amount of potential donor habitat nearby, climatic events that dislodge seaweeds and transfer them ashore, and physical characteristics of shorelines that retain wrack at a site. To determine when, where, and how wrack accumulates on island shorelines, we surveyed 455 sites across 101 islands in coastal British Columbia, Canada. At each site, we recorded wrack biomass, species composition, and shoreline biogeographical characteristics. Additionally, over a period of 9 mo, we visited a smaller selection of sites (n = 3) every 2 mo to document temporal changes in wrack biomass and species composition. Dominant wrack species were Zostera marina, Fucus distichus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Nereocystis luetkeana, Pterygophora californica, and Phyllospadix spp. The amount of donor habitat positively affected the presence of accumulated biomass of sea wrack, whereas rocky substrates and shoreline slope negatively affected the presence of sea wrack biomass. Biomass was higher during winter months, and species diversity was higher during summer months. These results suggest that shorelines with specific characteristics have the capacity to accumulate wrack, thereby facilitating the transfer of marine-derived nutrients to the terrestrial environment.

scholarly journals Toward More Integrated Utilizations of Geostationary Satellite Data for Disaster Management and Risk Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Atsushi Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Fine Spatial Resolution ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Disaster Monitoring ◽  
Low Earth Orbit Satellites

Third-generation geostationary meteorological satellites (GEOs), such as Himawari-8/9 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-R Series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), and Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Flexible Combined Imager (FCI), provide advanced imagery and atmospheric measurements of the Earth’s weather, oceans, and terrestrial environments at high-frequency intervals. Third-generation GEOs also significantly improve capabilities by increasing the number of observation bands suitable for environmental change detection. This review focuses on the significantly enhanced contribution of third-generation GEOs for disaster monitoring and risk mitigation, focusing on atmospheric and terrestrial environment monitoring. In addition, to demonstrate the collaboration between GEOs and Low Earth orbit satellites (LEOs) as supporting information for fine-spatial-resolution observations required in the event of a disaster, the landfall of Typhoon No. 19 Hagibis in 2019, which caused tremendous damage to Japan, is used as a case study.

Expriments on the Selection of Algal Subsrates by Polyzoan Larvae

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-631
Author(s):  
J. S. RYLAND
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Fucus Serratus ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
A Site ◽  
Marked Specificity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Actual Substrate

1. Many species of Polyzoa show marked specificity with regard to the substrate on which they occur. Epiphytic forms are often found mainly on one species of alga. 2. Experiments were performed in which a number of algal species were offered to polyzoan larvae as substrates for settlement. The disposition of algae, and the dishes containing them, was such that the layout conformed to a Youden Square design. This not only achieved economy of materials, but ensured a balanced experiment, made possible a statistical analysis of the results, and eliminated any possible effects of extraneous environmental factors. 3. The larvae showed marked substrate preferences when settling. In the littoral forms Alcyonidium hirsutum, A. polyoum and Flustrellidra hispida, the selection of algae accorded closely with their observed natural distributions: in each case highest settlement took place on Fucus serratus. It seems probable that positive selection plays an important role in determining the distribution of these species on the shore. Celleporella hyalina larvae were also selective, but the preferences were less clearly related to the ecological distribution of the adult. 4. Surface texture appears more important than contour as a factor influencing the choice made by larvae between algal substrates, although the physical and/or chemical factors responsible for the observed differences in attractiveness of algae are largely unknown. However, it is evident that the nature of the surface alters with age, and that this influences favourability. The presence of mucus has an adverse effect on settlement. Once the actual substrate has been chosen, the larvae respond to surface contour and, if possible, select a groove or concavity as a site for fixation.

scholarly journals Optimum Selection of Wind Turbines Using Normalized Power and Capacity Factor Curves

2021 ◽  
pp. 2813-2823
Author(s):  
Firas A. Hadi ◽  
Zaid F. Makki ◽  
Rafa A. Al-Baldawi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
A Site ◽  
Selection Of

The main objective of this paper is present a novel method to choice a certain wind turbine for a specific site by using normalized power and capacity factor curves. The site matching is based on identifying the optimum turbine rotation speed parameters from turbine performance index (TPI) curve, which is obtained from the higher values of normalized power and capacity factor curves. Wind Turbine Performance Index a new ranking parameter, is defined to optimally match turbines to wind site. The relations (plots) of normalized power, capacity factor, and turbine performance index versus normalized rated wind speed are drawn for a known value of Weibull shape parameter of a site, thus a superior method is used for Weibull parameters estimation which is called Equivalent Energy Method (EEM).

scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM PERKULIAHAN BIOLOGI KONSERVASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Evi Apriana ◽  
Achmad Munandar ◽  
Nuryani Y Rustaman ◽  
Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach has never been used in learning. Incorporating Acehnese local wisdom into the study of conservation biology will greatly assist the process of raising awareness among students and the community about the importance of nature conservation, being able to clarify customary rules and rules about human relations with the natural environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach to improve environmental literacy and conservation measures. This study aimed to collect information relating to the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach through lectures that examine issues of forest conservation biology and terrestrial environments Aceh. This research applies qualitative research design (Qualitative Research), conducted the analysis of the development related to environmental issues and Acehnese local wisdom. From the analysis of the results showed that the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach has the characteristics (lectures studying the problems of forest conservation biology and terrestrial environments Aceh; learning Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach effective, integrated in the lectures and field activities to clarify the learning in the classroom; emphasis on the ability of the knowledge and skills that students care about the forest and terrestrial environment, develop environmental literacy and conservation measures are real), component (using a variety of learning methods and media), structure (meetings, concepts and sub concepts, learning process, learning objectives, learning strategies, billing tasks, and extra activities), and evaluation (procedures and evaluation tools: evaluation process using lectures observation, evaluation of learning outcomes using test (environmental literacy), and conservation measures using guidelines observation conservation measures). Abstrak Pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh belum pernah digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Memasukkan kearifan lokal Aceh ke dalam pembelajaran biologi konservasi akan sangat membantu proses penyadartahuan mahasiswa dan masyarakat tentang arti penting pelestarian alam, dapat memperjelas aturan-aturan adat dan kaidah-kaidah tentang hubungan manusia dengan alam lingkungannya. Dengan demikian sangat diperlukan adanya pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh untuk meningkatkan literasi lingkungan dan tindakan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh melalui kegiatan perkuliahan yang mengkaji permasalahan biologi konservasi hutan dan lingkungan terestrial Aceh. Penelitian ini menerapkan desain penelitian kualitatif (Qualitative Research), dilakukan analisis pengembangan yang berhubungan dengan isu-isu lingkungan dan kearifan lokal Aceh. Dari analisis pengembangan ini diperoleh hasil bahwa program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh mempunyai karakteristik (kegiatan perkuliahan mengkaji permasalahan biologi konservasi hutan dan lingkungan terestrial Aceh; pembelajaran dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh yang efektif, terintegrasi dalam perkuliahan dan kegiatan lapangan yang dapat memperjelas pembelajaran di kelas; menekankan pada kemampuan pengetahuan dan keterampilan agar mahasiswa peduli terhadap hutan dan lingkungan terestrial; mengembangkan literasi lingkungan dan tindakan konservasi secara nyata), komponen (menggunakan metode dan media pembelajaran yang bervariasi), struktur (pertemuan, konsep dan sub konsep, proses pembelajaran, tujuan pembelajaran, strategi pembelajaran, tagihan tugas, dan kegiatan ekstra), dan evaluasi (prosedur dan alat evaluasi: evaluasi proses menggunakan pedoman observasi kegiatan perkuliahan, evaluasi hasil belajar menggunakan tes (literasi lingkungan), dan tindakan konservasi menggunakan pedoman observasi tindakan konservasi). Kata kunci:     pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi, pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh, isu-isu lingkungan, literasi lingkungan, tindakan konservasi

scholarly journals Photography of Trichoptera in flight

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-318
Author(s):  
W. Geoff McIlleron ◽  
Ferdinand C. De Moor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
A Site ◽  
Selection Of

Whereas photography of insects at rest is used for a wide variety of purposes, including illustrating publications and aiding their identification, photography of insects in flight is more challenging and little practiced. This paper describes a system that uses a digital single-lens-reflex camera combined with commercial-level flashes (with electronic power settings to give very short exposures) and simple electronics in a rig that can be used to capture high quality images of night-flying insects. With such a rig, hundreds of images of free flying Trichoptera have been obtained. Preliminary observations of night-flying Athripsodes bergensis (Leptoceridae) indicate that this system could be used for studying the mechanics of flight, wing beat frequency, aerodynamics, flying speed, aerial activity, and behavioural ecology of night-flying insects in their natural environment.      This paper briefly describes the technique as applied at a site on the banks of the Groot River in the southern Cape region of South Africa between October 2008 and April 2009 and presents a selection of the images obtained.

Boron and Magnesium Fertilization of a Coastal Douglas-Fir Plantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Green ◽  
R. E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Severe Growth

Abstract This study examines the role of boron and magnesium nutrition in the occurrence of severe growth distortion symptoms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Skwawka River valley of south coastal British Columbia. Four fertilizer treatments including boron (2.25 kg B/ha), magnesium (42 kg Mg/ha), boron plus magnesium, and a control, were applied in conjunction with planting on a site believed to be deficient in these nutrients. After 5 growing seasons, only treatments containing boron (B and B+Mg) showed improved height growth over the control trees. The incidence of leader dieback, swollen leading shoots, and foliage distortion was significantly related to treatment with virtually no occurrence in plots treated with boron. Seedling uptake of applied boron was high, with foliar concentrations of 45 ppm found after the second growing season. Foliar B levels declined to 13-15 ppm after 5 growing seasons. No significant increase in foliar magnesium levels was detected for either of the magnesium treatments. The reduction in the incidence of leader dieback and shoot and foliar symptoms in seedlings treated with B indicate that these symptoms were the result of boron deficiencies. This is the first study to verify boron deficiency in coastal Douglas-fir through fertilizer trials. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):48-53.

The Impact of Modelling Air Compressibility in the Selection of Optimal OWC Design Parameters in Site Specific Wave Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Simonetti ◽  
Lorenzo Cappietti
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Period Wave ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The importance of properly modelling the effects of air compressibility in the selection of the optimal design parameters for an Oscillating Water Column wave energy converter is investigated. For this purpose, a wide dataset of capture width ratios, obtained from both experimental tests and Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations, is used to formulate an empirical model able to predict the performance of the device as a function of its basic design parameters (chamber width and draught, turbine damping) and of the wave conditions (wave period, wave height). A multiple non-linear regression approach is used to determine the model numerical coefficients. The data used to formulate the model include the effects of air compressibility. The impact of considering such effects on the selection of the optimal geometry of the device is evaluated and discussed by means of the model application for the optimization of a device to be installed in a site located in the Mediterranean Sea (in front of the coast of Tuscany, Italy).

scholarly journals The results of the introduction of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. into the oak-woods of the Khopyor region

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Anastasia Ovcharenko ◽  
Alevtina Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Juglans Mandshurica ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Selection Of

An analysis of the results of the introduction of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. into the flood-plain oak-woods of the Khopyor is conducted. The total bioecological assessment and prospects of the introduction into the natural flood-plain oak-woods of the Middle Khopyor region for the enrichment of their species composition with the aim of enhancing the sustainability of these ecosystems and optimization of their ecological functions are given. The compliance of the environmental conditions of the growth of introduced stands in the middle reaches of the Khopyor River, original within the natural distribution area is found. Alongside with the identified typical directions of reduction in the indicators of the stability and productivity of this breed in introduced centres in comparison with the natural areas there detected trends in increasing the resistance of the species in the succeeding generations, as a result of clone variability, a selection of species with a high vital potential and adaptive capacity.

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