Laboratory calibration of optimal growth to deduce in situ feeding conditions of early juvenile sprat Sprattus sprattus from otoliths

2015 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 199-215
Author(s):  
CC Günther ◽  
JP Herrmann ◽  
A Temming
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Sprattus Sprattus ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Laboratory Calibration ◽  
In Situ Feeding

scholarly journals In situ feeding as a new management tool to conserve orphaned Eurasian lynx (lynx lynx)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Premier ◽  
Martin Gahbauer ◽  
Franz Leibl ◽  
Marco Heurich
Keyword(s):  
Management Tool ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
In Situ Feeding

New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4766 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER L. MAH
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
The North ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Feeding Observations ◽  
Occurrence Records ◽  
In Situ Feeding

Exploratory cruises by the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer have resulted in a substantial contribution in our understanding of deep-sea echinoderm biodiversity, biology, and ecology in the North Atlantic. This includes the description and in situ feeding observations of two, new corallivorous goniasterid species, Evoplosoma nizinskiae n. sp. and Sibogaster bathyheuretor n. sp. Significant in situ observations include a synchronous feeding event including multiple goniasterid asteroids and a cidaroid urchin on a large demosponge, providing new data for understanding echinoderm feeding behavior, including agonistic behavior, in deep-sea settings and new, in situ feeding observations for 28 deep-sea species including the myxasterid Pythonaster atlantidis, the korethrasterid Remaster palmatus and the poorly understood hippasterine goniasterids, Gilbertaster caribaea and Sthenaster emmae. 

scholarly journals Interactions between coral propagules in aquarium and field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poh Leong Loo ◽  
Anqi Li ◽  
Koh Siang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Intraspecific Interaction ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
In Situ Conditions

AbstractThe effects of intraspecific and interspecific interactions between three species of scleractinian coral micro-colonies, namely Lithophyllon undulatum, Turbinaria mesenterina and Platygyra sinensis were evaluated for their survivorship, tissue loss and growth in both field (in-situ) and aquarium (ex-situ) conditions over 12 weeks. Regardless of environmental conditions and interactions, L. undulatum survived better (91.7 ± 6.2%) than T. mesenterina (75.0 ± 25.0%) and P. sinensis (60.4 ± 39.5%). Similarly, L. undulatum registered the lowest tissue loss (0.5 ± 0.7%) as compared to T. mesenterina (14.3 ± 19.4%) and P. sinensis (22.0 ± 30.0%). However, P. sinensis gained more weight (3.2 ± 5.2 g) than either T. mesenterina (2.7 ± 2.4 g) or L. undulatum (0.8 ± 1.1 g). In both environments, all three species in intraspecific interaction generally had higher survivorship, lower tissue loss and better growth than those in interspecific interaction except the latter in in-situ conditions had a twofold increase in growth (5.8 ± 3.7 g) than the former in-situ conditions (2.8 ± 3.7 g). Hence, all three species are potentially suitable for transplantation and mariculture except perhaps for P. sinensis which performed poorly in ex-situ conditions. Corals can be transplanted either with different colonies of the same species or together with other coral taxa. This study demonstrated that L. undulatum should be transplanted between T. mesenterina and P. sinensis for optimal growth and survival.

scholarly journals Developing a Universal and Efficient Method for the Rapid Selection of Stable Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Pathogenic Vibrio Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Candice A. Thorstenson ◽  
Matthias S. Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Delivery Vector ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Selection Of

World-wide increases in Vibrio-associated diseases have been reported in aquaculture and humans in co-occurrence with increased sea surface temperatures. Twelve species of Vibrio are known to cause disease in humans, but three species dominate the number of human infections world-wide: Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Fluorescent protein (FP)-labelled bacteria have been used to make great progress through in situ studies of bacterial behavior in mixed cultures or within host tissues. Currently, FP-labelling methods specific for Vibrio species are still limited by time-consuming counterselection measures that require the use of modified media and temperatures below the optimal growth temperature of many Vibrio species. Within this study, we used a previously reported R6K-based suicide delivery vector and two newly constructed transposon variants to develop a tailored protocol for FP-labelling V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus environmental isolates within two days of counterselection against the donor Escherichiacoli. This herein presented protocol worked universally across all tested strains (30) with a conjugation efficiency of at least two transconjugants per 10,000 recipients.

Basal Plane Dislocation Mitigation in 8º Off-Cut 4H-SiC through In Situ Growth Interrupts during Chemical Vapor Deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda L. VanMil ◽  
Robert E. Stahlbush ◽  
Rachael L. Myers-Ward ◽  
Yoosuf N. Picard ◽  
S.A. Kitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Basal Plane Dislocation ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Conversion of basal plane dislocations (BPD) to threading edge dislocations (TED) in 8° off-cut 4H-SiC within an n+ buffer layer would eliminate the nucleation site for Shockley-type stacking faults in active device regions grown on such buffer layers. To that end, the propagation and conversion of BPDs through in situ growth interrupts is monitored using ultraviolet photoluminescence (UVPL) wafer mapping. The optimized growth interrupt scheme lasts for 45 minutes with a propane mass flow of 10 sccm at growth temperature. This scheme has shown a conversion efficiency of up to 99% for samples with electron (hole) concentrations < 5x1014 cm-3 (8x1015 cm-3). Samples subjected to a 45 or 90 minute interrupt under 10 sccm of propane, regardless of conversion efficiency, exhibit a “slit” in the surface morphology associated with each BPD and oriented perpendicular to the off-cut and BPD propagation direction. Repetition of the optimal interrupt sequence with a 5 μm epilayer spacer grown between the two interrupts resulted in the same conversion efficiency as a single optimal growth interrupt. Incorporation of the optimal interrupt into an n+ layer is more complicated as attempts to do so in layers doped with nitrogen to 2x1018, 2x1017 and 2x1016 cm-3 resulted in conversion efficiencies of ~6%.

scholarly journals In situ feeding and metabolism of glass sponges (Hexactinellida, Porifera) studied in a deep temperate fjord with a remotely operated submersible

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitai Yahel ◽  
Frank Whitney ◽  
Henry M. Reiswig ◽  
Dafne I. Eerkes-Medrano ◽  
Sally P. Leys
Keyword(s):  
Glass Sponges ◽  
In Situ Feeding

scholarly journals A novel length back-calculation approach accounting for ontogenetic changes in the fish length – otolith size relationship during the early life of sprat (Sprattus sprattus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1214-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia C. Günther ◽  
Axel Temming ◽  
Hannes Baumann ◽  
Bastian Huwer ◽  
Christian Möllmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Sprattus Sprattus ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Early Juvenile Stage ◽  
Back Calculation

An individual-based length back-calculation method was developed for juvenile Baltic sprat ( Sprattus sprattus ), accounting for ontogenetic changes in the relationship between fish length and otolith length. In sprat, metamorphosis from larvae to juveniles is characterized by the coincidence of low length growth, strong growth in body height, and maximal otolith growth. Consequently, the method identifies a point of metamorphosis for an individual as the otolith radius at maximum increment widths. By incorporating this information in our back-calculation method, estimated length growth for the early larval stage was more than 60% higher compared with the result of the biological intercept model. After minimal length growth during metamorphosis, we found the highest increase in length during the early juvenile stage. We thus located the strongest growth potential in the early juvenile stage, which is supposed to be critical in determining recruitment strength in Baltic sprat.

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