Skeletal growth, respiration rate and fatty acid composition in the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa under varying food conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Larsson ◽  
T Lundälv ◽  
D van Oevelen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Water Coral

scholarly journals Trophic structure of cold-water coral communities revealed from the analysis of tissue isotopes and fatty acid composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick van Oevelen ◽  
Gerard C. A. Duineveld ◽  
Marc S. S. Lavaleye ◽  
Tina Kutti ◽  
Karline Soetaert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Water Coral

scholarly journals Food selectivity and processing by the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i>

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick van Oevelen ◽  
Christina E. Mueller ◽  
Tomas Lundälv ◽  
Jack J. Middelburg
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Tissue Incorporation ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. Cold-water corals form prominent reef ecosystems along ocean margins that depend on suspended resources produced in surface waters. In this study we investigated food processing of 13C and 15N labelled bacteria and algae by the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Coral respiration, tissue incorporation of C and N and metabolic-derived C incorporation into the skeleton were traced following the additions of different food concentrations (100, 300, 1300 µg C L−1) and two ratios of suspended bacterial and algal biomass (1:1, 3:1). Respiration and tissue incorporation by L. pertusa increased markedly following exposure to higher food concentrations. The net growth efficiency of L. pertusa was low (0.08 ± 0.03), which is consistent with their slow growth rates. The contribution of algae and bacteria to total coral assimilation was proportional to the food mixture in the two lowest food concentrations, but algae were preferred over bacteria as food source at the highest food concentration. We argue that behavioural responses for these small-sized food particles, such as tentacle behaviour and mucus trapping, are more likely to explain the observed food selectivity as compared to physical-mechanical considerations. A comparison of the experimental food conditions to natural organic carbon concentrations above CWC reefs suggests that L. pertusa is well adapted to exploit temporal pulses of high organic matter concentrations in the bottom water caused by internal waves and downwelling events.

Fatty acid composition of blubber from the four species of Bering Sea phocid seals

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. West ◽  
John J. Burns ◽  
Marilyn Modafferi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Phocid Seals ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
The Bering Sea

The fatty acid composition of blubber lipid was analyzed from one example of both sexes of the four species of phocid seals inhabiting the Bering Sea: spotted seal (Phoca vitulina largha), ringed seal (P. hispida), ribbon seal (P. fasciata), and bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus). All specimens had similar fatty acid complements (10 fatty acids predominated, ranging from chain lengths of 14 to 22 carbons with zero lo six double bonds) although there were specific differences among species and between sexes. The greatest interspecific differences in blubber fatty acid composition occurred in the ringed seal and may have been due to diet.Double-bond indices (indicating degree of unsaturation) were high in all samples and higher than those calculated for Atlantic or southern hemisphere seals. Melting points of the blubber lipid ranged from −2 to −8 °C for some components; all components melted below 15 °C correlating with expected peripheral blubber temperatures of seals in cold water of the Bering Sea.

Fatty acid composition of the cold-water-inhabiting freshwater red alga Sirodotia Kylin

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bhosale ◽  
D. A. Velankar ◽  
B. B. Chaugule
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Red Alga

scholarly journals Calcification of the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> under ambient and reduced pH

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1875-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maier ◽  
J. Hegeman ◽  
M. G. Weinbauer ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Temperate Coral ◽  
Water Coral ◽  
Coral Bioherms

Abstract. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa is one of the few species able to build reef-like structures and a 3-dimensional coral framework in the deep oceans. Furthermore, deep cold-water coral bioherms are likely among the first marine ecosystems to be affected by ocean acidification. Colonies of L. pertusa were collected during a cruise in 2006 to cold-water coral bioherms of the Mingulay reef complex (Hebrides, North Atlantic). Calcium-45 labelling was conducted shortly after sample collection onboard. After this method proved to deliver reliable data, the same experimental approach was used to assess calcification rates and the effect of lowered pH during a~cruise to the Skagerrak (North Sea) in 2007. The highest calcification rates were found in youngest polyps with up to 1% d−1 new skeletal growth and average values of 0.11±0.02% d−1(±S.E.). Lowering the pH by 0.15 and 0.3 units relative to ambient pH resulted in a strong decrease in calcification by 30 and 56%, respectively. The effect of changes in pH on calcification was stronger for fast growing, young polyps (59% reduction) than for older polyps (40% reduction) which implies that skeletal growth of young and fast calcifying corallites will be influenced more negatively by ocean acidification. Nevertheless, L. pertusa revealed a positive net calcification (as indicated by 45Ca incorporation) at an aragonite saturation state (Ωa) below 1, which may indicate some adaptation to an environment that is already relatively low in Ωa compared to tropical or temperate coral bioherms.

scholarly journals Calcification of the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa,</i> under ambient and reduced pH

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1671-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maier ◽  
J. Hegeman ◽  
M. G. Weinbauer ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Water Coral ◽  
Coral Bioherms

Abstract. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa is one of the few species able to build reef-like structures and a 3-dimensional coral framework in the deep oceans. Furthermore, deep cold-water coral bioherms may be among the first marine ecosystems to be affected by ocean acidification. Colonies of L. pertusa were collected during a cruise in 2006 to cold-water coral bioherms of the Mingulay reef complex (Hebrides, North Atlantic). Shortly after sample collection onboard these corals were labelled with calcium-45. The same experimental approach was used to assess calcification rates and how those changed due to reduced pH during a cruise to the Skagerrak (North Sea) in 2007. The highest calcification rates were found in youngest polyps with up to 1% d−1 new skeletal growth and average rates of 0.11±0.02% d−1±S.E.). Lowering pH by 0.15 and 0.3 units relative to the ambient level resulted in calcification being reduced by 30 and 56%. Lower pH reduced calcification more in fast growing, young polyps (59% reduction) than in older polyps (40% reduction). Thus skeletal growth of young and fast calcifying corallites suffered more from ocean acidification. Nevertheless, L. pertusa exhibited positive net calcification (as measured by 45Ca incorporation) even at an aragonite saturation state (Ωa) below 1.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seed and Nutrition Profile of 35 Pumpkin Accessions

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Meru ◽  
Yuqing Fu ◽  
Dayana Leyva ◽  
Paul Sarnoski ◽  
Yavuz Yagiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Production Practices

This article aims to summise production and nutrition aspects of pumpkin seed. Specifically, it focuses on health benefits of the seeds, production practices and provides data on the oil, protein and fatty acid composition of 35 pumpkin accessions.  

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