scholarly journals Allelopathic compounds of a red tide dinoflagellate have species-specific and context-dependent impacts on phytoplankton

2010 ◽  
Vol 416 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Poulson ◽  
RD Sieg ◽  
EK Prince ◽  
J Kubanek
Keyword(s):  
Red Tide ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

scholarly journals Soil chemical legacies trigger species‐specific and context‐dependent root responses in later arriving plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Delory ◽  
Hannes Schempp ◽  
Sina Maria Spachmann ◽  
Laura Störzer ◽  
Nicole M. van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Responses ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Emission rates of species-specific volatiles change across communities of Clarkia species: Evidence for character displacement in floral scent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Eisen ◽  
Monica A. Geber ◽  
Robert A. Raguso
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
A Current

AbstractA current frontier of character displacement research is to determine if displacement occurs via multiple phenotypic pathways and varies across communities with different species compositions. Here, we conducted the first test for context-dependent character displacement in multimodal floral signals by analyzing variation in floral scent in a system that exhibits character displacement in flower size, and that has multiple types of sympatric communities. In a greenhouse common garden experiment, we measured quantitative variation in volatile emission rates of the progeny of two species of Clarkia from replicated communities that contain one, two, or four Clarkia species. The first two axes of a constrained correspondence analysis, which explained 24 percent of the total variation in floral scent, separated the species and community types, respectively. Of the 23 compounds that were significantly correlated with these axes, nine showed patterns consistent with character displacement. Two compounds produced primarily by C. unguiculata and two compounds produced primarily by C. cylindrica were emitted in higher amounts in sympatry. Character displacement in some volatiles varied across sympatric communities and occurred in parallel with displacement in flower size, demonstrating that this evolutionary process can be context-dependent and may occur through multiple pathways.

Comparison of pollination and defensive buzzes in bumblebees indicates species-specific and context-dependent vibrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. De Luca ◽  
Darryl A. Cox ◽  
Mario Vallejo-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Context Dependent ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Identification and Application of Bioactive Compounds from Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. for Weed Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2264
Author(s):  
Md. Mahfuzur Rob ◽  
Kawsar Hossen ◽  
Mst. Rokeya Khatun ◽  
Keitaro Iwasaki ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Garcinia Xanthochymus ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

The allelopathic potential of plant species and their related compounds has been increasingly reported to be biological tools for weed control. The allelopathic potential of Garcinia xanthochymus was assessed against several test plant species: lettuce, rapeseed, Italian ryegrass, and timothy. The extracts of G. xanthochymus leaves significantly inhibited all the test plants in a concentration- and species-specific manner. Therefore, to identify the specific compounds involved in the allelopathic activity of the G. xanthochymus extracts, assay-guided purification was carried out and two allelopathic compounds were isolated and identified as methyl phloretate {3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid methyl ester} and vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid). Both of the substances significantly arrested the cress and timothy seedlings growth. I50 values (concentrations required for 50% inhibition) for shoots and roots growth of the cress and timothy were 113.6–104.6 and 53.3–40.5 μM, respectively, for methyl phloretate, and 331.6–314.7 and 118.8–107.4 μM, respectively, for vanillic acid, which implied that methyl phloretate was close to 3- and 2-fold more effective than vanillic acid against cress and timothy, respectively. This report is the first on the presence of methyl phloretate in a plant and its phytotoxic property. These observations suggest that methyl phloretate and vanillic acid might participate in the phytotoxicity of G. xanthochymus extract.

Characterization of allelopathic compounds from the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Harmful Algae ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Prince ◽  
Kelsey L. Poulson ◽  
Tracey L. Myers ◽  
R. Drew Sieg ◽  
Julia Kubanek
Keyword(s):  
Red Tide ◽  
Karenia Brevis ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Linda Sicko-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

64: Rapid, Species-Specific Detection of Uropathogens from Clinical Urine Specimens Using an Electrochemical Microsensor Array

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Liao ◽  
Mitra Mastali ◽  
David A. Haake ◽  
Bernard M. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Specific Detection ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Urine Specimens

Forming Impressions of Personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Nauts ◽  
Oliver Langner ◽  
Inge Huijsmans ◽  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Daniël H. J. Wigboldus
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Asch’s seminal research on “Forming Impressions of Personality” (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e.g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007 ; Wojciszke, 2005 ). Because this effect does not fit with Asch’s Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch’s paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.

Memorial Consequences of Environmental Context Change in Children and Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alp Aslan ◽  
Anuscheh Samenieh ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Context Change ◽  
Context Dependent

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the room in which the second list was encoded. As expected, in adults, the context change impaired recall of the first list and improved recall of the second. Whereas fourth graders showed the same pattern of results as adults, in both kindergartners and first graders no memorial effects of the context change arose. The results indicate that the two effects of environmental context change develop contemporaneously over middle childhood and reach maturity at the end of the elementary school days. The findings are discussed in light of both retrieval-based and encoding-based accounts of context-dependent memory.

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