scholarly journals Soil chemical legacies trigger species‐specific and context‐dependent root responses in later arriving plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Delory ◽  
Hannes Schempp ◽  
Sina Maria Spachmann ◽  
Laura Störzer ◽  
Nicole M. van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Responses ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Emission rates of species-specific volatiles change across communities of Clarkia species: Evidence for character displacement in floral scent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Eisen ◽  
Monica A. Geber ◽  
Robert A. Raguso
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
A Current

AbstractA current frontier of character displacement research is to determine if displacement occurs via multiple phenotypic pathways and varies across communities with different species compositions. Here, we conducted the first test for context-dependent character displacement in multimodal floral signals by analyzing variation in floral scent in a system that exhibits character displacement in flower size, and that has multiple types of sympatric communities. In a greenhouse common garden experiment, we measured quantitative variation in volatile emission rates of the progeny of two species of Clarkia from replicated communities that contain one, two, or four Clarkia species. The first two axes of a constrained correspondence analysis, which explained 24 percent of the total variation in floral scent, separated the species and community types, respectively. Of the 23 compounds that were significantly correlated with these axes, nine showed patterns consistent with character displacement. Two compounds produced primarily by C. unguiculata and two compounds produced primarily by C. cylindrica were emitted in higher amounts in sympatry. Character displacement in some volatiles varied across sympatric communities and occurred in parallel with displacement in flower size, demonstrating that this evolutionary process can be context-dependent and may occur through multiple pathways.

scholarly journals The role of CLV1, CLV2 and HPAT homologs in nitrogen-regulation of root development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglei Wang ◽  
James B Reid ◽  
Eloise Foo
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Cle Peptides ◽  
Peptide Signals ◽  
Root Responses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Root Size

AbstractPlants use a variety of hormonal and peptide signals to control root development, including in adapting root development to cope with nutrient stress. Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor in plant growth and in response to N stress plants dramatically modulate root development, including in legumes influencing the formation of N-fixing nodules in response to external N supply. Recently, specific CLE peptides and/or receptors important for their perception, including CLV1 and CLV2, have been found to play important roles in root development in a limited number of species, including in some cases the response to N. In the legume Medicago truncatula, this response also appears to be influenced by RDN1, a member of the hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase (HPAT) family which can modify specific CLE peptides. However, it not known if this signalling pathway plays a central role in root development across species, in particular root responses to N. In this study, we sought to systematically examine the role of homologues of these genes in root development of the legume pea (Pisum sativum. L) and non-legume tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using a mutant based approach. This included a detailed examination of root development in response to N in these mutant series in tomato. We found no evidence for a role of these genes in pea seedling root development. Furthermore, the CLV1-like FAB gene did not influence tomato root development, including N response. In contrast, both CLV2 and the HPAT FIN appear to positively influence root size in tomato but do not mediate root responses to N. These suggest a relatively species-specific role for these genes in root development, including N regulation of root architecture.

Comparison of pollination and defensive buzzes in bumblebees indicates species-specific and context-dependent vibrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. De Luca ◽  
Darryl A. Cox ◽  
Mario Vallejo-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Context Dependent ◽  
Species Specific

Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Linda Sicko-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

64: Rapid, Species-Specific Detection of Uropathogens from Clinical Urine Specimens Using an Electrochemical Microsensor Array

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Liao ◽  
Mitra Mastali ◽  
David A. Haake ◽  
Bernard M. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Specific Detection ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Urine Specimens

Forming Impressions of Personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Nauts ◽  
Oliver Langner ◽  
Inge Huijsmans ◽  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Daniël H. J. Wigboldus
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Asch’s seminal research on “Forming Impressions of Personality” (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e.g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007 ; Wojciszke, 2005 ). Because this effect does not fit with Asch’s Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch’s paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.

Memorial Consequences of Environmental Context Change in Children and Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alp Aslan ◽  
Anuscheh Samenieh ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Context Change ◽  
Context Dependent

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the room in which the second list was encoded. As expected, in adults, the context change impaired recall of the first list and improved recall of the second. Whereas fourth graders showed the same pattern of results as adults, in both kindergartners and first graders no memorial effects of the context change arose. The results indicate that the two effects of environmental context change develop contemporaneously over middle childhood and reach maturity at the end of the elementary school days. The findings are discussed in light of both retrieval-based and encoding-based accounts of context-dependent memory.

Contextual Forgetting and Context Dependent Memory

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Herbert ◽  
Sharon Bertsch
Keyword(s):  
Context Dependent
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