scholarly journals Parasites and global warming: net effects of temperature on an intertidal host–parasite system

2010 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Studer ◽  
DW Thieltges ◽  
R Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between global warming and mortality: Lag effects of temperature fluctuations by age and mortality categories

2011 ◽  
Vol 159 (7) ◽  
pp. 1789-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Yu ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Wenbiao Hu ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
Xiaochuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic effects of temperature-dependent sex determination: will tuatara survive global warming?

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLA J. MITCHELL ◽  
FRED W. ALLENDORF ◽  
SUSAN N. KEALL ◽  
CHARLES H. DAUGHERTY ◽  
NICOLA J. NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Demographic Effects

scholarly journals Complex effects of temperature on mosquito immune function

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1741) ◽  
pp. 3357-3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Murdock ◽  
Krijn P. Paaijmans ◽  
Andrew S. Bell ◽  
Jonas G. King ◽  
Julián F. Hillyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Over the last 20 years, ecological immunology has provided much insight into how environmental factors shape host immunity and host–parasite interactions. Currently, the application of this thinking to the study of mosquito immunology has been limited. Mechanistic investigations are nearly always conducted under one set of conditions, yet vectors and parasites associate in a variable world. We highlight how environmental temperature shapes cellular and humoral immune responses (melanization, phagocytosis and transcription of immune genes) in the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Nitric oxide synthase expression peaked at 30°C, cecropin expression showed no main effect of temperature and humoral melanization, and phagocytosis and defensin expression peaked around 18°C. Further, immune responses did not simply scale with temperature, but showed complex interactions between temperature, time and nature of immune challenge. Thus, immune patterns observed under one set of conditions provide little basis for predicting patterns under even marginally different conditions. These quantitative and qualitative effects of temperature have largely been overlooked in vector biology but have significant implications for extrapolating natural/transgenic resistance mechanisms from laboratory to field and for the efficacy of various vector control tools.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal responses of butterflies to global warming on a Mediterranean island over two decades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Colom ◽  
Anna Traveset ◽  
David Carreras ◽  
Constantí Stefanescu
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIn recent decades, efforts have been made to understand how global warming affects biodiversity and in this regard butterflies have emerged as a model group. The most conspicuous sign that warming is affecting the ecology of butterflies are the phenological advances occurring in many species. Moreover, rising temperatures are having a notable impact – both negative and positive – on population abundances. To date, patterns have generally been analysed at species level without taking into account possible differences between populations, which, when they are noted, are mostly attributed to large-scale climate differences across a latitudinal gradient. In this work, we use a long-term database of butterflies from the island of Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) to investigate how phenology and population dynamics have been affected by climate warming during the past two decades. In addition, we assess how responses are modulated by habitat characteristics and by species’ biological cycles. Our results show that species respond differently to warming at a local scale depending on season and habitat, and that coastal habitats in the Mediterranean region are particularly sensitive to the effects of climate change. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the effects of temperature could be partially offset in more inland habitats such as forests and deep ravines. The positive effect of temperature on ravine populations during the summer suggests that butterflies disperse across habitats as a response to rising temperatures during the season. This type of dispersal behaviour as a response to warming could be especially important in island ecosystems where the possibilities of modifying altitudinal or latitudinal distributions are often severely limited.

The Effects of Temperature and Host Refuge on Insect Host-Parasite Models 1

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Allen ◽  
Daniel Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Insect Host ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and pH on the Egg Production and Hatching Success of a Common Korean Copepod

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Eun Hye Lee ◽  
Seo Yeol Choi ◽  
Min Ho Seo ◽  
Seok Ju Lee ◽  
Ho Young Soh
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Egg Production Rate ◽  
Fresh Surface

The recent accelerated ocean acidification and global warming caused by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide may have an impact on the physiology and ecology of marine animals. This study was conducted to determine the egg production rate (EPR) and hatching success (EHS) of Acartia ohtsukai in response to the combined effects of an increase in temperature and a lower pH. Acartiaohtsukai with fresh surface seawater were collected in the northwestern Yeoja Bay of Korea in September 2017. The temperature and pH conditions applied included two different pH levels (representing the present: 7.9 and the future: 7.6) and three temperature values (26 °C, 28 °C, and 30 °C). In the pH 7.9, EPR significantly increased with increased temperature, but in pH 7.6, it significantly decreased as the temperature increased. EHS was lower in pH 7.6 than in pH 7.9. These results suggest that changes in the marine environment due to global warming and ocean acidification may affect Acartia populations and cause overall fluctuations in copepods of the genus Acartia.

scholarly journals Environmental constraints influencing survival of an African parasite in a north temperate habitat: effects of temperature on development within the host

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. TINSLEY ◽  
J. E. YORK ◽  
L. C. STOTT ◽  
A. L. E. EVERARD ◽  
S. J. CHAPPLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYThe monogenean Protopolystoma xenopodis has been established in Wales for >40 years following introduction with Xenopus laevis from South Africa. This provides an experimental system for determining constraints affecting introduced species in novel environments. Parasite development post-infection was followed at 15, 20 and 25°C for 15 weeks and at 10°C for ⩾1 year and correlated with temperatures recorded in Wales. Development was slowed/arrested at ⩽10°C which reflects habitat conditions for >6 months/year. There was wide variation in growth at constant temperature (body size differing by >10 times) potentially attributable in part to genotype-specific host-parasite interactions. Parasite density had no effect on size but host sex did: worms in males were 1·8 times larger than in females. Minimum time to patency was 51 days at 25°C and 73 days at 20°C although some infections were still not patent at both temperatures by 105 days p.i. In Wales, fastest developing infections may mature within one summer (about 12 weeks), possibly accelerated by movements of hosts into warmer surface waters. Otherwise, development slows/stops in October–April, delaying patency to about 1 year p.i., while wide variation in developmental rates may impose delays of 2 years in some primary infections and even longer in secondary infections.

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