scholarly journals Oil pollution and Baltic mysids: acute and chronic effects of the water soluble fractions of light fuel oil on the mysid shrimp Neomysis integer

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
FT Laughlin ◽  
O Linden
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Neomysis Integer ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects ◽  
Mysid Shrimp ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Total microbial activity and microbial composition of a mangrove sediment are reduced by oil pollution at a site in the Arabian Gulf

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A El-Tarabily
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Soluble Fractions

In a study carried out to determine the effect of oil pollution on the microbiota of sediment associated with mangroves in the United Arab Emirates, sediment samples were collected from oil-polluted and nonpolluted mangrove sites. The levels of the total recoverable hydrocarbons and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons assayed were noticeably higher in the polluted sediment. Microbial activity as measured by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and by the total populations of the culturable aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, streptomycete and non-streptomycete actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi and yeasts was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the polluted than in the nonpolluted sediment. The estimated total aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the polluted than in the nonpolluted sediments. Four days after the addition of the water-soluble fractions of the light Arabian crude oil to the nonpolluted sediment, at 10 different concentrations, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction (65%) in the microbial activity of the sediment compared with that of nonamended sediment. Concentrations of water-soluble fractions at 0.1% and above significantly and progressively reduced microbial activity, with total cessation of activity recorded at levels >50%. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of oil pollution on aerobic and anaerobic microbial flora of sediment of mangrove communities.Key words: crude oil, fluorescein diacetate, anaerobic bacteria, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, United Arab Emirates.

Hydrocarbons Depress Growth and Reproduction of Daphnia pulex (Cladocera)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Geiger ◽  
A. L. Buikema Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Soluble Fractions ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Daphnia pulex were acutely and chronically exposed to water-soluble fractions of hydrocarbons. In acute studies, the most-to-least toxic were coal-tar creosote, No. 2 fuel oil, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. During chronic studies, Daphnia were monitored for molting frequency, growth rates, production of total and live young, number of nonviable eggs, partial and full abortions, and whether or not abortions occurred prior to completion of embryonic development. For creosote and phenanthrene, marked reduction occurred in growth rates, number of broods, and impairment of molting, and an increase occurred in abortion rates. No. 2 fuel oil produced similar effects, but results were less significant. Naphthalene only produced a slight reduction in growth rate at the concentrations studied. It is hypothesized that the effect on growth and reproduction may be due to PAH-induced disturbance on some aspect of metabolic control of reproduction and molting.Key words: phenanthrene, naphthalene, creosote, No. 2 fuel oil, Daphnia, toxicity

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