scholarly journals Counting crayfish: active searching and baited cameras trump conventional hoop netting in detecting Euastacus armatus 

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Fulton ◽  
D Starrs ◽  
MP Ruibal ◽  
BC Ebner
Keyword(s):  
Active Searching

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IDENTIFYING TRANSFUSIONAL INCIDENTS BY ACTIVE SEARCHING AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Henrique de Paula Bedaque ◽  
Rodolfo Daniel de Almeida Soares ◽  
Carolina Lemos de Brito ◽  
Gabriela Lia de Aquino Revoredo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Active Searching

Objective: The present study aims to analyze implementation consequences on active search for incidents related to blood transfusion at Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) and establish a blood transfusion profile in this facility. Methods: Blood transfusion and TIs registered on Hemotherapy Core at HUOL were counted through SPSS 20, comparing IT/1000 blood transfusion averages between 2012 and 2014. T Test of Student was used to compare data and chi-square (X²) and relative risk calculation to associate the use of blood components and risk to develop TI. Results: An increase of TI numbers at HUOL was shown by active searching and its equivalence to reference French and Brazilian services, liked to ANVISA sentinel network. Thus, there was a change in the average rate from 1.86 TI/1000 blood transfusions in 2012 to 5.36 TI/1000 blood transfusions in 2013 and 5.86 TI/1000 in 2014 (p = 0.001). It was also observed that the red blood cell concentrate is the fraction with the highest risk of occurrence of TIs (p = 0.003) and the greatest chance of causing any type of TI in relation to the other blood products, RR = 1.848 (95% CI; 1.042 - 3.266). It was also seen that the infusion of platelet concentrate is related to the allergic reaction (p <0.01), and greater risk compared to other blood components, RR = 2.746 (95% CI; 1.477 - 5.107). Conclusion: This study demonstrates active Hemovigilance importance on Tis subnotifications decrease.

scholarly journals Microhabitat use and diet of Anotosaura vanzolinia(Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in a Caatinga area, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Bruno Halluan Soares de Oliveira ◽  
André Luiz Machado Pessanha
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Active Searching

This study aimed to analyze the microhabitat use and diet of the lizard Gymnophthalmidae Anotosaura vanzolinia (Dixon 1974) in the Complexo Aluízio Campos (7° 16′ 34″ S, 35° 53′ 7″ W), an area of the Caatinga in the Campina Grande, Paraíba. We studied a total of 12 transects by active searching during the daytime. In each sample, habitat and microhabitat types occupied by the specimen were categorized, together with solar incidence and soil type. For all individuals, morphometric measurements were performed, as well as dissection for stomach content analysis. We collected a total of 46 individuals, with a snout-vent length ranging between 19 and 45 mm, collected over all habitats, with prevalence in soil and earthy litter microhabitats near rocky outcrops. The dietary analysis showed a use of items of soil fauna and identified 14 types of prey, mainly insects such as termites and ants. It was observed that smaller individuals (SVL < 30 mm) fed mainly on Hymenoptera (Family Formicidae), whereas larger individuals (SVL > 30 mm) selected Isoptera.

scholarly journals May predator body-size hamper furtive predation strategy by aphidophagous insects?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256991
Author(s):  
Roberto Meseguer ◽  
Alexandre Levi-Mourao ◽  
Marc Fournier ◽  
Xavier Pons ◽  
Eric Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Size Increase ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Active Searching

Furtive predation is an uncommon predation strategy within aphidophagous insects, as it can be constrained by several factors. So far, the few reported furtive predators are characterized by their small body-size, vermiform shape, and slow movement. They live within the aphid colonies, without triggering significant defensive acts, nor disrupting colony structure. In this study, we aim to determine how body-size may prevent adoption of a furtive predation strategy. For that, the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) was selected as a model species, according to the great body-size increase experienced during the larval stage. We hypothesized that smaller instars will be furtive predators, whereas larger ones will be active-searching predators. After the inoculation close to a pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) colony, several behavioral parameters of the different larval instars were recorded. The elicited aphid colony disturbance was also evaluated and compared with that of the active-searching ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and of the furtive predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Aphids showed significantly fewer defensive behaviors in the presence of E. americanus larvae than in the presence of the active-searching H. axyridis. Furthermore, our results clearly indicate that body-size increase was not a limit, since the three larval instars of the American hoverfly acted as furtive predators, just like the furtive A. aphidimyza. It is the first time a furtive predatory behavior has been recorded on such a large aphidophagous predator. The obtained results provide essential information about the biology of E. americanus, a potential biological control agent of aphids.

scholarly journals Adaptive foraging strategy of an insular snake (Lycodon semicarinatus, Colubridae) feeding on patchily distributed nests of sea turtles

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Matsumoto ◽  
Akira Mori
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Foraging Mode ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Foraging Tactics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adaptive Foraging ◽  
Active Searching

Abstract Foraging tactics of predators generally include two major modes, active searching and ambushing. A colubrid snake, Lycodon semicarinatus, is a typical example of a predator, which uses both tactics to forage on sea turtles on islands of the Kerama Group in the Central Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. To investigate factors that determine the foraging mode of this snake, we conducted a four-year field survey on its foraging behaviour on sea turtles on another island, Okinawa Island. We found that the snake performs only active searching at our study site. Snakes visited a small area exactly above the nest of sea turtles and attempted to burrow a tunnel to feed on eggs and hatchlings in the sand. Tunnels leading from the surface of the beach to the inside of the nest were formed only by large snakes. Many other snakes used the already made tunnels to capture eggs and hatchlings in the nest. When the snakes caught a hatchling, they brought the hatchling away into the nearby bush area without swallowing it above the nest (taking-away behaviour). When snakes failed to find food on a nest, they terminated the intensive search above the nest in approximately 5 minutes irrespective of snake body size, season, and the condition of the nest. Subsequently, they left the nest and resumed extensive searching for other nests. Our findings showed that L. semicarinatus has a different foraging strategy depending on populations. Two environmental traits, diversity of available prey animals other than sea turtles and characteristics of sand that beaches consist of, were considered as factors that might cause the difference in the foraging strategy. The fine sand of our study site enables snakes to form a sturdy tunnel in nests. We presume that such an environment facilitates the use of active searching by the snakes to find the nest with tunnels suitable for exploitation. The taking-away behaviour may be effective to reduce excessive contact with other conspecifics under the situation that the nest with tunnels attracts many visitors. Furthermore, the observation that the snake left the nest site after a consistent duration of unprofitable searching supports the giving-up time rule, which has been predicted by a theoretical model concerning the optimal time for predators to leave a patch.

Sexual Selection in the Leopard Toad, Bufo Pardalis

Behaviour ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 120 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 164-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Cape Peninsula ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Active Searching

AbstractSexual selection was investigated in the leopard toad, Bufo pardalis, on the Cape Peninsula in the south-western Cape Province of South Africa. Over three breeding seasons, male mating success was not dependent on either snout-urostyle length (size) or weight, when data were analysed on both a nightly and a seasonal basis. Males did not engage in active searching for females, or attempt to displace other males in amplexus. This is most unusual for an explosive breeder, in which spawning takes place at a specific site. It is suggested that the absence of patterns of behaviour normally adaptive for explosive breeders may be associated with the fact that a congeneric species with a different chromosome number, B. rangeri, overlaps in both distribution and breeding season with B. pardalis over part of its range. Active searching might therefore lead to males finding a mate of the wrong species, which would be maladaptive, as no male was successful in obtaining more than one mating over the three-year study period. Alternatively, the absence of scramble competition in this species may reflect predation pressure.

INTENSIVE FOOD SEARCHING IN HUMID PATCHES: ADAPTATION OF A MYRMICINE ANT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensive Search ◽  
Active Searching

AbstractWe tested if foragers of the ant Decamorium decem control the sinuosity of their food searching paths and their speed in order to concentrate their activity in areas of high prey density, humid patches of leaf-litter, during the dry season. In experimental situation I simulating the wet season (uniformly humid arenas) food searching paths were erratic and homing paths direct. In situation II simulating the dry season (dry arenas with a humidified disk) the sinuosity of the searching paths increased and the speed decreased when workers moved from the dry arenas to the humidified disks; homing paths were again direct. Thanks to comparisons with situation I, we argue that in situation II workers first oriented themselves toward the humidified disks (sinuosity significantly lower on the dry than on the wet arenas; non-significant difference for speed). Otherwise, we show that the intensive search on the humidified disks depends only on a decrease in speed (significantly lower on the humidified disks than on the wet arenas of situation I; non-significant difference for sinuosity), with workers switching from active searching to ambush when prey are absent.

scholarly journals Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé, Pará, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro H. Bernardo ◽  
Ricardo A. Guerra-Fuentes ◽  
William Matiazzi ◽  
Hussam Zaher
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Amazonian Rainforest ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Active Searching

In this study we present a list of amphibians and reptiles from the Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé (REBIOTA), an area in the Amazonian rainforest in Pará State, Brazil. We sampled the area for 21 days, in both dry and rainy seasons, using pitfall traps and active searching methods. Our efforts resulted in the discovery of 35 species of amphibians and 27 species of reptiles. This study provides the first list of amphibians and adds eigh new species of reptiles for the Carajás region.

scholarly journals Plasticity and proprioception in insects. II. Modes of reflex action of the locust metathoracic femoral chordotonal organ

1985 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-480
Author(s):  
S. N. Zill
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Support Resistance ◽  
Extensor Motoneurones ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Simple Summation ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Active Searching

Reflex responses of tibial motoneurones were examined during mechanical stimulation of the femoral chordotonal organ, a joint angle receptor of the locust hindleg. Step displacements of the main ligament of the organ, mimicking 10–15 degree changes in joint angle, produced different patterns of discharge in motoneurones (1) when the leg was resting against a support and (2) when the support was removed to induce active searching movements. Tibial motoneurones showed resistance reflex responses to oppose the apparent joint movement when the leg rested against a support. Resistance reflexes consisted of constant, short latency excitatory responses followed by discharges that varied in intensity (gain) and degree of tonic coupling. These variations were not due to simple summation with other inputs to motoneurones. Responses changed during periods of active searching movements. Tibial flexor motoneurones fired phasically in response to apparent joint movement in any direction. Tibial extensor motoneurones were generally inhibited by chordotonal inputs. These reflex changes are not simple reflex ‘reversals’, but represent more complex changes in reflex mode. Potential functions of each of these reflex modes and the need for plasticity in reflexes of the chordotonal organ are discussed.

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