Prevalence and genotypic diversity of ostreid herpesvirus type 1 in Crassostrea gigas cultured in the Gulf of California, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Martínez-García ◽  
JM Grijalva-Chon ◽  
R Castro-Longoria ◽  
R Castro-Longoria ◽  
A Varela-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

In bivalve mollusk aquaculture, massive disease outbreaks with high mortality and large economic losses can occur, as in northwest Mexico in the 1990s. A range of pathogens can affect bivalves; one of great concern is ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), of which there are several strains. This virus has been detected in the Gulf of California in occasional or sporadic samplings, but to date, there have been few systematic studies. Monthly samples of Crassostrea gigas, water, and sediment were taken in the La Cruz coastal lagoon and analyzed by PCR. The native mollusk, Dosinia ponderosa, which lives outside the lagoon, was sampled as a control. The virus was found throughout the year only in C. gigas, with prevalence up to 60%. In total, 9 genotype variants were detected, and genetic analysis suggests that linear genotypic evolution has occurred from strain JF894308, present in La Cruz in 2011. There has been no evidence of the entry of new viral genotypes in the recent past, thus confinement of the virus within the lagoons of the Gulf of California could promote a native genotypic diversity in the short term.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HERPESVIRUS 1 IN SMALL HERDS IN SOUTHERN BAČKA AND SREM DISTRICT

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Sava Lazić ◽  
Tamaš Petrović ◽  
Diana Lupulović ◽  
Dejan Bugarski ◽  
Ivan Pušić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Low Prevalence

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection (IBR/IPV virus) presents the most spread infection in nowadays cattle breeding. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) may be an agent of serious health disorders causing great economic losses. Since the largest number of cattle in Southern Baåka and Srem district are raised in small herds (what may considerably influence effective implementation of program for control and eradication of BHV-1 infection) it was necessary to investigate the prevalence of BHV-1 infection in the cattle population in this area, what was the aim of this work. Detection and estimation of the presence and prevalence of BHV-1 was done by detection of specific antibodies against BHV-1 in sera samples of cattle raised individually or in small herds (up to 20 animals) collected during the State Program of Disease Control in 2005 and 2006. The sampling was randomly carried out taking care that the samples from all the settlements and municipalities in Southern Bačka and Srem were present. A total of 16,610 samples was collected. Animals seropositive for BHV-1 were detected in all municipalities, but not in all settlements. The highest percent of seropositive animals was found in Beočin municipality(27.27%), Titel municipality (27.16%), Žabalj (22.45%) and Stara Pazova municipality (22.15%). The lowest prevalence was in Bački Petrovac (8.16%) and Temerin municipalities (9.68%). In other municipalities the prevalence ranged between 10% and 20%. From the obtained results it can be concluded that BHV-1 infection was not present in 10 settlements in Southern Bačka and 14 settlements in Srem district. In other settlements (151) the percentage of seropositive animals ranged from 1 to 50%. However, if we analyze the obtained results in the area, it may be concluded that the prevalence is almost the same: in Srem district there were 18.42% and in Southern Bačka 18.79% seropositive animals. Low prevalence was detected in the majority of settlements. The data that in 24 settlements in both districts there were no seropositive animals His an encouraging information. This points on a possibility of easier and faster implementation of control measures and eradication of BHV-1 infection. The results obtained in serology examination provide us an insight in immunology status of small herds in Southern Bačka and Srem districts, what is a starting point in designing and implementing necessary measures with the aim to prevent cases of this disease, as well as its spreading and eradication.

scholarly journals Reduction in Virulence over Time in Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Microvariants between 2011 and 2015 in Australia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Georgia Cain ◽  
Olivia Liu ◽  
Richard J. Whittington ◽  
Paul M. Hick
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

Microvariant genotypes of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) are associated with mass mortality events of Pacific oysters in many countries. The OsHV-1 microvariant (µVar) emerged in France 2008 and caused significant economic losses as it became endemic and displaced the previously dominant OsHV-1 reference genotype. Recently, considerable genotypic variation has been described for OsHV-1 microvariants, however, less is known about variation in viral phenotype. This study used an in vivo laboratory infection model to assess differences in total cumulative mortality, peak viral load, transmissibility, and dose-response for three OsHV-1 isolates obtained between 2011 and 2015 from endemic waterways in Australia. This followed field observations of apparent reductions in the severity of mass mortalities over this time. Significantly higher hazard of death and cumulative mortality were observed for an isolate obtained in 2011 compared to isolates from 2014–2015. In keeping with other studies, the hazard of death was higher in oysters challenged by injection compared to challenge by cohabitation and the mortality was higher when the initial dose was 1 × 104 OsHV-1 DNA copies per oyster injection compared to 1 × 102 DNA copies. There was no difference in the quantity of OsHV-1 DNA at time of death that could be related to isolate or dose, suggesting similar pathogenetic processes in the individual oysters that succumbed to end-stage disease. While the isolates examined in this study were biased towards pathogenic types of OsHV-1, as they were collected during disease outbreaks, the variation in virulence that was observed, when combined with prior data on subclinical infections, suggests that surveillance for low virulence genotypes of OsHV-1 would be rewarding. This may lead to new approaches to disease management which utilize controlled exposure to attenuated strains of OsHV-1.

scholarly journals A Single-Tube HNB-Based Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Robust Detection of the Ostreid herpesvirus 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6605
Author(s):  
Maja A. Zaczek-Moczydłowska ◽  
Letitia Mohamed-Smith ◽  
Anna Toldrà ◽  
Chantelle Hooper ◽  
Mònica Campàs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Hydroxynaphthol Blue ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

The Ostreid herpesvirus 1 species affects shellfish, contributing significantly to high economic losses during production. To counteract the threat related to mortality, there is a need for the development of novel point-of-care testing (POCT) that can be implemented in aquaculture production to prevent disease outbreaks. In this study, a simple, rapid and specific colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has been developed for the detection of Ostreid herpesvirus1 (OsHV-1) and its variants infecting Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas). The LAMP assay has been optimized to use hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) for visual colorimetric distinction of positive and negative templates. The effect of an additional Tte UvrD helicase enzyme used in the reaction was also evaluated with an improved reaction time of 10 min. Additionally, this study provides a robust workflow for optimization of primers for uncultured viruses using designed target plasmid when DNA availability is limited.

scholarly journals Dual Analysis of Virus-Host Interactions: The Case of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 and the Cupped Oyster Crassostrea gigas

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117693431983130
Author(s):  
Umberto Rosani ◽  
Tim Young ◽  
Chang-Ming Bai ◽  
Andrea C. Alfaro ◽  
Paola Venier
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

Dual analyses of the interactions between Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and the bivalve Crassostrea gigas during infection can unveil events critical to the onset and progression of this viral disease and can provide novel strategies for mitigating and preventing oyster mortality. Among the currently used “omics” technologies, dual transcriptomics (dual RNA-seq) coupled with the analysis of viral DNA in the host tissues has greatly advanced the knowledge of genes and pathways mostly contributing to host defense responses, expression profiles of annotated and unknown OsHV-1 open reading frames (ORFs), and viral genome variability. In addition to dual RNA-seq, proteomics and metabolomics analyses have the potential to add complementary information, needed to understand how a malacoherpesvirus can redirect and exploit the vital processes of its host. This review explores our current knowledge of “omics” technologies in the study of host-pathogen interactions and highlights relevant applications of these fields of expertise to the complex case of C gigas infections by OsHV-1, which currently threaten the mollusk production sector worldwide.

scholarly journals A literature review as an aid to identify strategies for mitigating ostreid herpesvirus 1 in Crassostrea gigas hatchery and nursery systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rodgers ◽  
Isabelle Arzul ◽  
Noèlia Carrasco ◽  
Dolores Furones Nozal
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document