Novel infections of Corynosoma enhydri and Profilicollis sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) identified in sea otters Enhydra lutris

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Shanebeck ◽  
J Lakemeyer ◽  
U Siebert ◽  
K Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters

scholarly journals The historical and contemporary status of the sea otter Enhydra lutris population on Urup Island, southern Kuril Islands

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Igor Popov ◽  
Alexey Scopin
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Contemporary Status ◽  
Wildlife Refuges ◽  
Effective Conservation

Abstract We describe the population of the Еndangered sea otter Enhydra lutris on Urup Island, one of the main wildlife refuges in the southern Kuril Islands of Russia. We reviewed historical and local reports of the sea otter, identified its habitat around the island, and surveyed the coastal waters of the island in 2019. Sea otters were numerous on Urup Island in the past but were hunted excessively and almost exterminated by the 1950s. Since then, sea otter populations have increased, and as the island is almost uninhabited we expected otters to be numerous. This was not the case, and we estimated the total population to be 363 ± SE 126 individuals. Our observation of two skinned carcasses on the shore suggests the low numbers are a result of poaching for the illegal fur trade. The case of Urup Island demonstrates that sea otters require active conservation, as even on a remote island they remain threatened. Establishment of protected areas would be an effective conservation measure for this species, although the suppression of demand for sea otter fur is of the greatest importance.

scholarly journals Vibrissae growth rates and trophic discrimination factors in captive southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke P. Tyrrell ◽  
Seth D. Newsome ◽  
Marilyn L. Fogel ◽  
Marissa Viens ◽  
Roxane Bowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis ◽  
Discrimination Factors ◽  
Trophic Discrimination

The British Columbia transplant of sea otters Enhydra Lutris

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Morris ◽  
Derek V. Ellis ◽  
Brian P. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters

Butyltin Residues in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) Found Dead along California Coastal Waters

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1169-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurunthachalam Kannan ◽  
Keerthi S. Guruge ◽  
Nancy J. Thomas ◽  
Shinsuke Tanabe ◽  
John P. Giesy
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis

Summer Foraging Behaviour of Female Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris) with Pups in Simpson Bay, Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia K. Osterrieder ◽  
Randall W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters

scholarly journals Predators, Disease, and Environmental Change in the Nearshore Ecosystem: Mortality in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) From 1998–2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Miller ◽  
Megan E. Moriarty ◽  
Laird Henkel ◽  
Martin Tim Tinker ◽  
Tristan L. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Sarcocystis Neurona ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis ◽  
Protozoal Infection ◽  
Demographic Attributes

We compiled findings from 15 years (1998–2012) of southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) necropsies, incorporating data from 560 animals. Sensitive diagnostic tests were used to detect biotoxins, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Methods to classify primary and contributing causes of death (COD) and sequelae utilized an updated understanding of health risks affecting this population. Several interesting patterns emerged, including identification of coastal regions of high mortality risk for sea otter mortality due to shark bite, cardiomyopathy, toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, acanthocephalan peritonitis and coccidioidomycosis. We identified demographic attributes that enhanced the risk of disease in relation to age, sex, and reproductive stage. Death due to white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) bite increased dramatically during the study period and was the most common primary COD. However, when primary and contributing COD were combined, the most prevalent COD was infectious disease (affecting 63% of otters), especially fatal infections by acanthocephalans (Profilicollis spp.) and protozoa (e.g., Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii). Fatal bacterial infections were also extremely common as a primary process or a sequela, affecting 68% of examined otters. Substantial advances were made in identifying sea otters that died following exposure to the pervasive marine neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), and DA intoxication was conservatively estimated as a primary or contributing COD for 20% of otters. Cardiomyopathy was also highly prevalent as a primary or contributing COD (41%) and exhibited significant associations with DA intoxication and protozoal infection. For adult and aged adult females in late pup care through post-weaning at the time of death, 83% had end lactation syndrome (ELS) as a primary or contributing COD. This comprehensive longitudinal dataset is unique in its depth and scope. The large sample size and extensive time period provided an opportunity to investigate mortality patterns in a changing environment and identify spatial and temporal disease “hot spots” and emerging threats. Our findings will help improve estimates of population-level impacts of specific threats and optimize conservation and environmental mitigation efforts for this threatened species.

scholarly journals Reductions in the dietary niche of southern sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) from the Holocene to the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3318-3329
Author(s):  
Emma A. Elliott Smith ◽  
Martin Tim Tinker ◽  
Emily L. Whistler ◽  
Douglas J. Kennett ◽  
René L. Vellanoweth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis ◽  
Dietary Niche

ORAL PAPILLOMATOSIS CAUSED BY ENHYDRA LUTRIS PAPILLOMAVIRUS 1 (ElPV-1) IN SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS) IN CALIFORNIA, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Fei Fan Ng ◽  
Melissa A. Miller ◽  
Nikola O. Kondov ◽  
Erin M. Dodd ◽  
Francesca Batac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enhydra Lutris ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis
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