scholarly journals New Zealand juvenile oyster mortality associated with ostreid herpesvirus 1—an opportunistic longitudinal study

2014 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Keeling ◽  
CL Brosnahan ◽  
R Williams ◽  
E Gias ◽  
M Hannah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Oyster Mortality ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

Pacific oyster mortality syndrome: a marine herpesvirus active in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Whittington ◽  
Paul Hick ◽  
Olivia Evans ◽  
Ana Rubio ◽  
Navneet Dhand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Oyster Mortality ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

Genotypes of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) known as microvariants cause the disease Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS). Since its appearance in NSW in 2010, OsHV-1 microvariant has prevented the farming of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the affected estuaries near Sydney, following the initial massive outbreaks1,2. The arrival of the disease in southeast Tasmania in January 2016 has put the entire $53M industry in Australia in jeopardy3. The virus is a member of the Family Malacoherpesviridae4, which includes several invertebrate herpesviruses. The OsHV-1 genome consists of 207 439 base pairs, with organisation similar to that of mammalian herpesviruses. However, OsHV-1 contains two invertible unique regions (UL, 167.8 kbp; US, 3.4 kbp) each flanked by inverted repeats (TRL/IRL, 7.6 kbp; TRS/IRS, 9.8 kbp), with an additional unique sequence (X, 1.5 kbp) between IRL and IRS4. Unlike many herpesviruses which are host specific, OsHV-1 strains have been transmitted between marine bivalve species5 and the virus is transmitted indirectly. The virus may have relatively prolonged survival in the environment, has extremely high infection and case fatality rates, and latency is unproven. Along with pilchard herpesvirus6–8 and abalone ganglioneuritis virus9,10, it is part of a dawning reality that marine herpesviruses are among the most virulent of pathogens. Finding solutions for industry requires more than laboratory-based research.

scholarly journals Immune Control of Herpesvirus Infection in Molluscs

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Jacinta R Agius ◽  
Serge Corbeil ◽  
Karla J Helbig
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

Molluscan herpesviruses that are capable of infecting economically important species of abalone and oysters have caused significant losses in production due to the high mortality rate of infected animals. Current methods in preventing and controlling herpesviruses in the aquacultural industry are based around biosecurity measures which are impractical and do not contain the virus as farms source their water from oceans. Due to the lack of an adaptive immune system in molluscs, vaccine related therapies are not a viable option; therefore, a novel preventative strategy known as immune priming was recently explored. Immune priming has been shown to provide direct protection in oysters from Ostreid herpesvirus-1, as well as to their progeny through trans-generational immune priming. The mechanisms of these processes are not completely understood, however advancements in the characterisation of the oyster immune response has assisted in formulating potential hypotheses. Limited literature has explored the immune response of abalone infected with Haliotid herpesvirus as well as the potential for immune priming in these species, therefore, more research is required in this area to determine whether this is a practical solution for control of molluscan herpesviruses in an aquaculture setting.

scholarly journals Indigenous ethnic identity, in-group warmth, and psychological wellbeing: A longitudinal study of Māori

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Houkamau ◽  
Petar Milojev ◽  
Lara Greaves ◽  
Kiri Dell ◽  
Chris G Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Identity Centrality

AbstractLongitudinal studies into the relationship between affect (positive or negative feelings) towards one’s own ethnic group and wellbeing are rare, particularly for Indigenous peoples. In this paper, we test the longitudinal effects of in-group warmth (a measure of ethnic identity affect) and ethnic identity centrality on three wellbeing measures for New Zealand Māori: life satisfaction (LS), self-esteem (SE), and personal wellbeing (PW). Longitudinal panel data collected from Māori (N = 3803) aged 18 or over throughout seven annual assessments (2009–2015) in the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study were analyzed using latent trajectory models with structured residuals to examine cross-lagged within-person effects. Higher in-group warmth towards Māori predicted increases in all three wellbeing measures, even more strongly than ethnic identity centrality. Bi-directionally, PW and SE predicted increased in-group warmth, and SE predicted ethnic identification. Further, in sample-level (between-person) trends, LS and PW rose, but ethnic identity centrality interestingly declined over time. This is the first large-scale longitudinal study showing a strong relationship between positive affect towards one’s Indigenous ethnic group and wellbeing. Efforts at cultural recovery and restoration have been a deliberate protective response to colonization, but among Māori, enculturation and access to traditional cultural knowledge varies widely. The data reported here underline the role of ethnic identity affect as an important dimension of wellbeing and call for continued research into the role of this dimension of ethnic identity for Indigenous peoples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document