Pacific oyster mortality syndrome: a marine herpesvirus active in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Whittington ◽  
Paul Hick ◽  
Olivia Evans ◽  
Ana Rubio ◽  
Navneet Dhand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Oyster Mortality ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

Genotypes of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) known as microvariants cause the disease Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS). Since its appearance in NSW in 2010, OsHV-1 microvariant has prevented the farming of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the affected estuaries near Sydney, following the initial massive outbreaks1,2. The arrival of the disease in southeast Tasmania in January 2016 has put the entire $53M industry in Australia in jeopardy3. The virus is a member of the Family Malacoherpesviridae4, which includes several invertebrate herpesviruses. The OsHV-1 genome consists of 207 439 base pairs, with organisation similar to that of mammalian herpesviruses. However, OsHV-1 contains two invertible unique regions (UL, 167.8 kbp; US, 3.4 kbp) each flanked by inverted repeats (TRL/IRL, 7.6 kbp; TRS/IRS, 9.8 kbp), with an additional unique sequence (X, 1.5 kbp) between IRL and IRS4. Unlike many herpesviruses which are host specific, OsHV-1 strains have been transmitted between marine bivalve species5 and the virus is transmitted indirectly. The virus may have relatively prolonged survival in the environment, has extremely high infection and case fatality rates, and latency is unproven. Along with pilchard herpesvirus6–8 and abalone ganglioneuritis virus9,10, it is part of a dawning reality that marine herpesviruses are among the most virulent of pathogens. Finding solutions for industry requires more than laboratory-based research.

scholarly journals Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection among Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Spat: Relevance of Water Temperature to Virus Replication and Circulation Prior to the Onset of Mortality

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 5419-5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Renault ◽  
Anne Lise Bouquet ◽  
Julien-Thomas Maurice ◽  
Coralie Lupo ◽  
Philippe Blachier
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACTA number of bivalve species worldwide, including the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas, have been affected by mass mortality events associated with herpesviruses, resulting in significant losses. A particular herpesvirus was purified from naturally infected larval Pacific oysters, and its genome was completely sequenced. This virus has been classified asOstreid herpesvirus 1(OsHV-1) within the familyMalacoherpesviridae. Since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks amongC. gigasin Europe have been related to the detection of a variant of OsHV-1 called μVar. Additional data are necessary to better describe mortality events in relation to environmental-parameter fluctuations and OsHV-1 detection. For this purpose, a single batch of Pacific oyster spat was deployed in 4 different locations in the Marennes-Oleron area (France): an oyster pond (“claire”), a shellfish nursery, and two locations in the field. Mortality rates were recorded based on regular observation, and samples were collected to search for and quantify OsHV-1 DNA by real-time PCR. Although similar massive mortality rates were reported at the 4 sites, mortality was detected earlier in the pond and in the nursery than at both field sites. This difference may be related to earlier increases in water temperature. Mass mortality was observed among oysters a few days after increases in the number of PCR-positive oysters and viral-DNA amounts were recorded. An initial increment in the number of PCR-positive oysters was reported at both field sites during the survey in the absence of significant mortality. During this period, the water temperature was below 16°C.

A novel divergent group of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 μVar variants associated with a mortality event in Pacific oyster spat in Normandy (France) in 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika A. V. Burioli ◽  
Katia Varello ◽  
Antonio Lavazza ◽  
Elena Bozzetta ◽  
Marino Prearo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Oyster Spat ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

scholarly journals In situ localization and tissue distribution of ostreid herpesvirus 1 proteins in infected Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Martenot ◽  
Amélie Segarra ◽  
Laury Baillon ◽  
Nicole Faury ◽  
Maryline Houssin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1
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