scholarly journals Distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity within the brain of oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kobayashi ◽  
C Takayama ◽  
Y Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Sepioteuthis Lessoniana ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Disruption of Hippocampal Neuregulin 1–ErbB4 Signaling Contributes to the Hippocampus-dependent Cognitive Impairment Induced by Isoflurane in Aged Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Min Li ◽  
Fan Su ◽  
Mu-Huo Ji ◽  
Guang-Fen Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Vehicle Injection ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: A prolonged isoflurane exposure may lead to cognitive decline in rodents. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1)–ErbB4 signaling plays a key role in the modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity through regulating the neurotransmission. The authors hypothesized that hippocampal NRG1–ErbB4 signaling is involved in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments in aged mice. Methods: Fourteen-month-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive 100% O2 exposure, vehicle injection after 100% O2 exposure, vehicle injection after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2, NRG1-β1 injection after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2, and NRG1-β1 and an ErbB4 inhibitor AG1478 injection after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2. Fear conditioning test was used to assess the cognitive function of mice 48-h postexposure. The brain tissues were harvested 48-h postexposure to determine the levels of NRG1, ErbB4, p-ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 in the hippocampus using Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence. Results: The percentage of freezing time to context was decreased from 50.28 ± 11.53% to 30.82 ± 10.00%, and the hippocampal levels of NRG1, p-ErbB4/ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 were decreased from 172.79 ± 20.85 ng/g, 69.15 ± 12.20%, 101.68 ± 11.21%, and 104.71 ± 6.85% to 112.92 ± 16.65 ng/g, 42.26 ± 9.71%, 75.89 ± 10.26%, and 73.87 ± 16.89%, respectively, after isoflurane exposure. NRG1-β1 attenuated the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment and the declines in the hippocampal NRG1, p-ErbB4/ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. AG1478 inhibited the rescuing effects of NRG1-β1. Conclusion: Disruption of NRG1–ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.

Thalamic Lesions in a Toddler with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoimmune Encephalitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahood AlMuslamani ◽  
Mohamed Taha
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Thalamic Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWe present a child with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with bilateral thalamic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. A healthy 21-month-old girl, after superrefractory status epilepticus (SE) and fever developed dyskinesia and ataxia, which we subsequently diagnosed as GAD AE. She showed remarkable response to treatment with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Following an initial normal MRI of her brain, a further brain imaging showed bilateral thalamic lesions. This is a usual finding since brain imaging abnormalities, when found in GAD AE, mostly involve the mesial temporal lobe structures. Thalamic lesions in GAD AE have not been reported previously.

Discrete regional analysis of norepinephrine, dopamine, choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase in the brain of the newborn and pubescent monkey

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Jacobowitz ◽  
Motohiro Kato ◽  
Raymond R. O’neill ◽  
Samuel G. Speciale ◽  
Zehava Gottesfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
The Brain
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