scholarly journals Stars in the sky: Pleiades invite plenitude — an ethnomathematics memoir in Central Brazil

Revemop ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e202004
Author(s):  
Mariana Kawall Leal Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mathematics Educator ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This is a day, a month, a year, and a few decades — dry and rainy seasons included — in real-life mathematics of the Kisêdjê Indigenous People of the Wawi Territory, Central Brazil. According to the Kisêdjê, aka Suyá, the sun and the stars rule the sky, while people, animals, and plants create reality on earth. We are in the state of Mato Grosso, at 11 degrees, 45 minutes South latitude; and 53 degrees, 1 minute West longitude. Starting in 1981, this ethnomathematics memoir traces factual moments of my life as a mathematics educator in indigenous schools. Hands-on, real-life activities are included in the “Teacher’s Notebook.” This includes fishing expeditions, and excursions to local dispensaries and far away hospitals. My objective is to show that mathematics education, including map-making, provides important resources in the fight for sovereignty and autonomy of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil, the Americas, and worldwide.Keywords: Ethnomathematics. Indigenous Peoples. Kisêdjê. Suyá. Brazil.Estrellas en el cielo: las Pléyades invitan a la plenitud — una memoria etnomatemáticas en el Centro de Brasil Este es un día, un mes, un año y unas pocas décadas — incluidas las estaciones seca y lluviosa — en las matemáticas de la vida real de los pueblos indígenas Kisêdjê del territorio de Wawi, en el centro de Brasil. Según el Kisêdjê, también conocido como Suyá, el sol y las estrellas gobiernan el cielo, mientras que las personas, los animales y las plantas crean la realidad en la tierra. Estamos en el estado de Mato Grosso, a 11 grados, 45 minutos de latitud sur; y 53 grados, 1 minuto de longitud oeste. A partir de 1981, esta memoria etnomatemática rastrea momentos reales de mi vida como una educadora de matemáticas en escuelas indígenas. Las actividades prácticas de la vida real se incluyen en el "Cuaderno del maestro". Esto incluye expediciones de pesca y excursiones a dispensarios locales y hospitales lejanos. Mi objetivo, en el presente artículo, es mostrar que la Educación Matemática, incluida la elaboración de mapas, proporciona recursos importantes en la lucha por la soberanía y la autonomía de los pueblos indígenas en Brasil, las Américas y en todo el mundo.Palabras clave: Etnomatemáticas. Pueblos Indígenas. Kisêdjê. Suyá. Brasil.Estrelas no céu: Plêiades convidam a plenitude — uma memória etnomatemática no Brasil Central Este é um dia, um mês, um ano, e algumas décadas — incluindo estaçōes seca e chuvosa — na Matemática da vida real do Povo Indígena Kisêdjê do Território Wawi, Brasil Central. Segundo os Kisêdjê, também conhecidos como Suyá, o sol e as estrelas regem o céu, enquanto pessoas, animais e plantas criam realidade na terra. Estamos no estado do Mato Grosso, a 11 graus e 45 minutos de latitude sul; e 53 graus, 1 minuto de longitude oeste. A partir de 1981, esta memória etnomatemática traça momentos factuais da minha vida como uma educadora de matemática em escolas indígenas. As atividades práticas da vida real estão incluídas no “Caderno do Professor”. Isso inclui expediçōes de pesca, e excursōes a farmácias locais e hospitais distantes. Meu objetivo, no presente artigo, é mostrar que a Educação Matemática, incluindo a elaboração de mapas, fornece recursos importantes na luta pela soberania e autonomia dos povos indígenas no Brasil, nas Américas e no mundo.Palavras-chave: Etnomatemática. Povos Indígenas. Kisêdjê. Suyá. Brasil.

Subject 01: exemplary Indigenous masculinity in Cold War genetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-332
Author(s):  
ROSANNA DENT
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
To Come ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Political Realities

AbstractIn 1962 a team of scientists conducted their first joint fieldwork in a Xavante village in Central Brazil. Recycling long-standing notions that living Indigenous people represented human prehistory, the scientists saw Indigenous people as useful subjects of study not only due to their closeness to nature, but also due to their sociocultural and political realities. The geneticists’ vision crystalized around one subject – the famous chief Apöwẽ. Through Apöwẽ, the geneticists fixated on what they perceived as the political prowess, impressive physique, and masculine reproductive aptitude of Xavante men. These constructions of charismatic masculinity came at the expense of recognizing how profoundly colonial expansion into Mato Grosso had destabilized Xavante communities, stripping them of their land and introducing epidemic disease. The geneticists’ theorizing prefigured debates to come in sociobiology, and set up an enduring research programme that Apöwẽ continues to animate even four decades after his death.

Riverine Borderlands and Multicultural Contacts in Central Brazil, 1775–1835

2019 ◽  
pp. 589-612
Author(s):  
Mary Karasch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Runaway Slaves ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
African Slaves

Central Brazil was a contested region in the eighteenth century, where Luso-Brazilians with indigenous and African slaves had seized lands rich in gold from indigenous nations along the Tocantins and Araguaia rivers. The Portuguese called this region the captaincy of Goiás, including the modern states of Goiás and Tocantins with parts of Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso. Portuguese officials claimed to have conquered the territory, but indigenous nations and runaway slaves maintained control over vast areas. For more than a century after the discovery of gold in the 1720s, lands remained in dispute; there was no closure of the frontier in favor of the Portuguese. And in the early nineteenth century, the indigenous nations of Tocantins almost drove Luso-Brazilians from their territory. This chapter demonstrates how indigenous peoples used their skills in warfare, trade, and diplomacy to ensure their survival.

scholarly journals O sagrado feminino: A figura arquetípica da mulher em narrativas míticas Paiter Suruí

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e57910716927
Author(s):  
Cassia Amélia Gomes ◽  
Luana Jéssica Gomes Pagung ◽  
Alexandre de Castro Campos ◽  
Nelson Russo de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Great Mother ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Female Archetypes ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Cultural Reality

O estudo analisa a figura feminina arquetípica presente nas narrativas míticas de autoria Paiter Suruí, povo indígena residente na fronteira entre os estados de Rondônia e Mato Grosso, no Brasil. Para tanto, utiliza-se como fonte de dados setes narrativas Paiter Suruí apresentadas no livro Vozes de Origem, uma coleção de histórias narradas por indígenas Paiter Suruí em sua língua de origem, o tupi-mondé, à antropóloga Betty Mindlin, responsável pela tradução para o português e organização do livro. Como referencial teórico-metodológico é utilizada a abordagem Analítica da Psicologia a partir do conceito de amplificação simbólica proposto por Carl G. Jung (1875–1961) e elaborado como método de análise por Marie Louise Von Franz (1915–1998). O percorrer da análise indica os arquétipos femininos existentes nessa cultura através de suas narrativas míticas, sendo predominante o Arquétipo da Donzela, da Grande Mãe e da Mulher Fatal. De acordo com a Psicologia Analítica, pode-se observar que a narração mítica indígena constitui um todo de sentido coerente e organizado sobre a psique: os processos inconscientes são transpostos para as narrativas, nas quais a figura arquetípica feminina surge como uma representação da figura da mulher na sociedade Paiter Suruí; e a narrativa mítica como uma representação da realidade cultural indígena dessa etnia, bem como uma propagação de seus valores. Partindo desse pressuposto, as narrativas míticas representam, por meio da simbologia, elementos de significado, tais como a organização da sociedade Paiter Suruí, aspectos que representam o feminino e os padrões de comportamentos esperados. The study analyzes the archetypal female figure present in the mythical narratives of Paiter Suruí, an indigenous people residing on the border between the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, in Brazil. For this, seven Paiter Suruí narratives presented in the book Vozes de Origem, a collection of stories narrated by Paiter Suruí indigenous peoples in their native language, the tupi-mondé,to the anthropologist Betty Mindlin, responsible for the translation into the Portuguese and organization of the book, are used as the data source. As a theoretical-methodological framework, the Analytical approach of Psychology is used from the concept of symbolic amplification proposed by Carl G. Jung (1875–1961) and elaborated as a method of analysis by Marie Louise Von Franz (1915–1998). The analysis course indicates the female archetypes existing in this culture through their mythical narratives, being predominant the Archetype of the Maiden, the Great Mother and the Fatal Woman. According to Analytical Psychology, it can be observed that the mythical indigenous narrative constitutes a coherent and organized sense of meaning about the psyche:unconscious processes are transposed into narratives, in which the female archetypal figure emerges as a representation of the figure of woman in Paiter Suruí society; and the mythical narrative as a representation of the indigenous cultural reality of this ethnicity, as well as a propagation of its values. Based on this assumption, the mythical narratives represent, through symbology, elements of meaning, such as the organization of the Paiter Suruí society, aspects that represent the feminine and the patterns of expected behaviors.

Demography, Territory, and Identity of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: The Xavante Indians and the 2000 Brazilian National Census

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilza de Oliveira Martins Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Santos ◽  
James Welch ◽  
Luciene Souza ◽  
Carlos Coimbra, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Indigenous Reserves ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Do So

Brazilian census data show a remarkable increase in the population self-reporting as "indigenous" between 1991 and 2000 but do not readily enable that increase to be analyzed in terms of the nearly 200 specific indigenous societies or ethnicities that exist in Brazil. In this article, we investigate some instances and implications of how the 2000 Brazilian National Census employed categories conceived for the national population to register one specific people—the Xavante of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil—with their own inherent social arrangements and morphologies. We do so by comparing census data corresponding to Xavante Indigenous Reserves with an independently collected set of demographic data for the same year. Although we found census data to adequately represent basic characteristics of the Xavante population (population size and age and sex distributions), we also found they reclassified and transformed Xavante households and thereby denatured Xavante sociality of its demographic and sociocultural complexity. The Xavante case is an example of how national demographic censuses not only capture data regarding indigenous peoples but also help shape those data by contributing to how indigenousness is perceived. Our findings suggest that the Brazilian National Census should seek to be more sensitive to indigenous realities and thereby to assess more accurately fundamental aspects of indigenous societies.

Isolasi Sosio-Budaya Masyarakat Orang Asli di Malaysia dan Kesannya Terhadap Pentafsiran Hukum Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Paiz Hassan ◽  
Mohd Anuar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Local Background ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Closed Door

Majority of the indigenous people who are the original inhabitants in Malaysia inhibit the remote area of tropical forest which is rich in natural resources. Their lives are separated from the outside community due to several factors such as geography, low literacy, negative perceptions of the surrounding community, and the closed-door attitude of the indigenous people. Consistent preaching activities have changed the faith of the indigenous people from animism orientation towards believing in the Oneness of God. The practice of Islam as a way of life in the lives of indigenous peoples is found to be difficult to practice because the fiqh approach presented to them does not celebrate their local condition. In this regard, this study will examine the socio-cultural isolation of indigenous peoples and their impact on the interpretation of Islamic law. To achieve this objective, the researchers have applied the library research method by referring to the literatures related to the discussion of Islamic scholars in various disciplines of fiqh and usūl al-fiqh. The research found that there is rukhsah and taysir approach given to isolated people as well as with local background to facilitate the religious affairs of the indigenous people. Abstrak Majoriti masyarakat Orang Asli yang merupakan penduduk asal di semenanjung Malaysia mendiami kawasan pedalaman di hutan hujan tropika yang kaya dengan khazanah alam. Kehidupan mereka terasing daripada masyarakat luar disebabkan beberapa faktor seperti geografi, kadar literasi yang rendah, pandangan negatif masyarakat sekitar dan sikap tertutup masyarakat Orang Asli. Gerakan dakwah yang dijalankan secara konsisten telah membawa perubahan kepercayaan sebahagian masyarakat Orang Asli daripada berorientasikan animisme kepada mempercayai Tuhan yang Esa. Pengamalan Islam sebagai cara hidup dalam kehidupan masyarakat Orang Asli didapati agak sukar untuk dipraktikkan lantaran pendekatan fiqh yang disampaikan kepada mereka tidak meraikan suasana setempat mereka. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan meneliti keadaan isolasi sosio-budaya masyarakat Orang Asli dan kesannya terhadap pentafsiran hukum Islam. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan kajian kepustakaan sepenuhnya dengan menelusuri literatur berkaitan dengan perbincangan sarjana Islam dalam pelbagai disiplin ilmu fiqh dan usul fiqh. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat rukhsah dan pendekatan taysir diberikan kepada mereka yang hidup terasing serta berlatar belakang budaya setempat bagi memudahkan urusan keagamaan masyarakat Orang Asli.

Peering Beyond the Imperial Gaze: Using Digital Tools to Construct a Spatial History of Conquest

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M. Mikecz
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatial Narrative

Ethnohistorians and other scholars have long noted how European colonial texts often concealed the presence and participation of indigenous peoples in New World conquests. This scholarship has examined how European sources (both texts and maps) have denied indigenous history, omitted indigenous presence, elided indigenous agency, and ignored indigenous spaces all while exaggerating their own power and importance. These works provide examples of colonial authors performing these erasures, often as a means to dispossess. What they lack, however, is a systematic means of identifying, locating, and measuring these silences in space and time. This article proposes a spatial history methodology which can make visible, as well as measurable and quantifiable the ways in which indigenous people and spaces have been erased by colonial narratives. It presents two methods for doing this. First, narrative analysis and geovisualization are used to deconstruct the imperial histories found in colonial European sources. Second it combines text with maps to tell a new (spatial) narrative of conquest. This new narrative reconstructs indigenous activity through a variety of digital maps, including ‘mood maps’, indigenous activity maps, and maps of indigenous aid. The resulting spatial narrative shows the Spanish conquest of Peru was never inevitable and was dependent on the constant aid of immense numbers of indigenous people.

When Rights Embrace Responsibilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Sajeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Group Rights ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Relationship Of

The conservation of environment and the protection of human rights are two of the most compelling needs of our time. Unfortunately, they are not always easy to combine and too often result in mutual harm. This book analyses the idea of biocultural rights as a proposal for harmonizing the needs of environmental and human rights. These rights, considered as a basket of group rights, are those deemed necessary to protect the stewardship role that certain indigenous peoples and local communities have played towards the environment. With a view to understanding the value and merits, as well as the threats that biocultural rights entail, the book critically assesses their foundations, content, and implications, and develops new perspectives and ideas concerning their potential applicability for promoting the socio-economic interests of indigenous people and local communities. It further explores the controversial relationship of interdependence and conflict between conservation of environment and protection of human rights.

scholarly journals Postcolonial theory and Canada’s health care professions: bridging the gap

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Health Care Professions

AbstractIn recent years there have been several calls in professional and academic journals for healthcare personnel in Canada to raise the profile of postcolonial theory as a theoretical and explanatory framework for their practice with Indigenous people. In this paper I explore some of the challenges that are likely to confront those healthcare personnel in engaging with postcolonial theory in a training context. I consider these challenges in relation to three areas of conflict. First I consider conflicts around paradigms of knowledge, wherein postcolonial theory operates from a different base from most professional knowledge in health care. Second I consider conflicts of ideology, wherein postcolonial theory is largely at odds with Canada’s political and popular cultures. And finally I consider issues around the question of Canada’s legitimacy, which postcolonial theory puts in doubt. I suggest ways in which these conflicts might be addressed and managed in the training context, and also identify potential positive outcomes that would be enabling for healthcare personnel, and might also contribute to an improvement in Canada’s relationship with its indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHY ON THE COMPOSITION OF A TREE COMMUNITY IN A CENTRAL BRAZILIAN VALLEY FOREST

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. R. PINTO ◽  
A. T. OLIVEIRA-FILHO ◽  
J. D. V. HAY
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Upper Slope ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations between environmental variables related to the substrate (soil and topography) and the distribution of tree species in a valley forest in the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The forest lies in the Cerrado Domain of Central Brazil where the dominant vegetation cover is cerrado (woody savanna). A survey of the tree community registered all live individuals with circumference at breast height (cbh)≥15cm found in eighteen 600m2 plots (total area 1.08ha). The substrate variables used in the gradient analyses were obtained from a topographic survey and from analyses of the chemical and physical properties of soil samples. A principal components analysis of soil and topography variables and a canonical correspondence analysis of the species–environment relationships produced similar results, separating both the substrate variables and the tree species abundances, mainly according to the two types of bedrock, sandstone or slate, underlying their soils, and secondly to the three topographic sectors recognized: Streamside, Mid Slope and Upper Slope. The differences in soil fertility and texture (related to the bedrocks) and the soil water regime (related to both soil texture and topography) were probably the chief factors determining the distribution of tree species in the forest.

scholarly journals Us Mob Online: The Perils of Identifying as Indigenous on Social Media

Genealogy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Carlson ◽  
Tristan Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Social media is a highly valuable site for Indigenous people to express their identities and to engage with other Indigenous people, events, conversations, and debates. While the role of social media for Indigenous peoples is highly valued for public articulations of identity, it is not without peril. Drawing on the authors’ recent mixed-methods research in Australian Indigenous communities, this paper presents an insight into Indigenous peoples’ experiences of cultivating individual and collective identities on social media platforms. The findings suggest that Indigenous peoples are well aware of the intricacies of navigating a digital environment that exhibits persistent colonial attempts at the subjugation of Indigenous identities. We conclude that, while social media remains perilous, Indigenous people are harnessing online platforms for their own ends, for the reinforcement of selfhood, for identifying and being identified and, as a vehicle for humour and subversion.

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