scholarly journals Changes in flow experience among occupational therapy students: a 1-year longitudinal study

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International University

Purpose: The purpose of this 1-year longitudinal study is to investigate the change in flow experience among occupational therapy students (OTS). Methods: In December 2012, we prospectively recruited 97 OTS from the Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University. To assess flow experience in daily life, we used the Flow Experience Checklist. Results: The dataset included 87 OTS, of which 75 participated in the assessment at 1 year (follow-up rate, 86.2%). The mean age at baseline of 45 male and 30 female OTS was 19.59±1.1 years (range, 18 to 24 years). A comparison of the ‘frequency of flow experience’ showed significant differences between baseline values and those after 1 year (December 2013) among male OTS (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present results indicate that, for male OTS, the frequency of flow was significantly reduced after 1 year compared with baseline values. This finding suggests the need for further education to increase the frequency of flow among male OTS.

Knowledge about Pain among Newly Graduated Occupational Therapists: Relevance for Curriculum Development

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Strong ◽  
Leigh Tooth ◽  
Anita Unruh
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Pain Knowledge ◽  
The University

In recent years there has been a growing awareness amongst health professionals of the need to prepare undergraduate students more adequately for practice with clients who have pain. Occupational therapists have a central role in enabling such clients to have productive lives despite pain. In this study, an examination was made of the adequacy of preparation for pain practice in graduates from one Australian occupational therapy curriculum. Recent occupational therapy graduates from the University of Queensland, Australia, who responded to a postal survey, obtained an overall 53% correct response rate to a 69-item pain knowledge and attitudes questionnaire. Results indicated the need for further education in this area, especially in the areas of pharmacological management, and pain assessment and measurement. These results were comparable to those obtained from final year occupational therapy students at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia prior to undertaking an elective course about pain. Follow-up interviews with a number of new graduates supported the inclusion of an elective pain course in the undergraduate occupational therapy curriculum at the University of Queensland in Australia.

scholarly journals Regression to the mean contributes to the apparent improvement in glycemia 3.8 years after screening – the ELSA-Brasil Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Paula Bracco ◽  
Scheine Canhada ◽  
Joanna MN Guimarães ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Real World ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>Objective </b> <p>Glycemic regression is common in real world settings, but the contribution of regression to the mean (RTM) has been little investigated. We aimed to estimate glycemic regression before and after adjusting for RTM in a free-living cohort of adults with newly ascertained diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia (IH). </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>ELSA-Brasil is a cohort study of 15,105 adults screened between 2008-2010 with standardized OGTT and HbA1c, repeated after 3.84 (0.42) years. After excluding those receiving medical treatment for diabetes, we calculated partial or complete regression before and after adjusting baseline values for RTM. </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Regarding newly ascertained diabetes, partial or complete regression was seen in 49.4% (95%CI 45.2 – 53.7); after adjustment for RTM, in 20.2% (95%CI 12.1 – 28.3). Regarding IH, regression to normal levels was seen in 39.5% (95%CI 37.9 – 41.3) or in 23.7% (95%CI 22.6% – 24.3%) depending on the WHO or the ADA definition, respectively; after adjustment, corresponding frequencies were 26.1% (95%CI 22.4 – 28.1) and 19.4% (95%CI 18.4 – 20.5). Adjustment for RTM reduced the number of cases detected at screening: 526 to 94 cases of diabetes; 3118 to 1986 cases of WHO-defined IH; and 6182 to 5711 cases of AD-defined IH. Weight loss ≥2.6% was associated with greater regression from diabetes (RR=1.52 95%CI 1.26-1.84) and IH (RR=1.30 95%CI 1.17-1.45). </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>In this quasi-real-world setting, regression from diabetes at ~4 years was common, less so for IH. Regression was frequently explained by RTM, but, in part, also related to improved weight loss and homeostasis over the follow-up. </p>

scholarly journals Regression to the mean contributes to the apparent improvement in glycemia 3.8 years after screening – the ELSA-Brasil Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Paula Bracco ◽  
Scheine Canhada ◽  
Joanna MN Guimarães ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Real World ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>Objective </b> <p>Glycemic regression is common in real world settings, but the contribution of regression to the mean (RTM) has been little investigated. We aimed to estimate glycemic regression before and after adjusting for RTM in a free-living cohort of adults with newly ascertained diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia (IH). </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>ELSA-Brasil is a cohort study of 15,105 adults screened between 2008-2010 with standardized OGTT and HbA1c, repeated after 3.84 (0.42) years. After excluding those receiving medical treatment for diabetes, we calculated partial or complete regression before and after adjusting baseline values for RTM. </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Regarding newly ascertained diabetes, partial or complete regression was seen in 49.4% (95%CI 45.2 – 53.7); after adjustment for RTM, in 20.2% (95%CI 12.1 – 28.3). Regarding IH, regression to normal levels was seen in 39.5% (95%CI 37.9 – 41.3) or in 23.7% (95%CI 22.6% – 24.3%) depending on the WHO or the ADA definition, respectively; after adjustment, corresponding frequencies were 26.1% (95%CI 22.4 – 28.1) and 19.4% (95%CI 18.4 – 20.5). Adjustment for RTM reduced the number of cases detected at screening: 526 to 94 cases of diabetes; 3118 to 1986 cases of WHO-defined IH; and 6182 to 5711 cases of AD-defined IH. Weight loss ≥2.6% was associated with greater regression from diabetes (RR=1.52 95%CI 1.26-1.84) and IH (RR=1.30 95%CI 1.17-1.45). </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>In this quasi-real-world setting, regression from diabetes at ~4 years was common, less so for IH. Regression was frequently explained by RTM, but, in part, also related to improved weight loss and homeostasis over the follow-up. </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer after Dexamethasone Implantation (Ozurdex) in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Muhammed Nurullah Bulut ◽  
Yusuf Özertürk ◽  
Ümit Çallı ◽  
Güzide Akçay ◽  
Ulviye Kıvrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferior Quadrant

Purpose. To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses of patients treated with intravitreal Ozurdex implant due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) related macular edema (ME). Methods. Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients treated with Ozurdex implant due to ME associated with BRVO were included in the study. Ophthalmic examinations including determination of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), and central macular thickness (CMT) and peripapillary RNFL assessment with optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before the injection of Ozurdex implant and during the 6-month follow-up period after the injection. Results. The mean age was 55.2 ± 7.4 (range: 40–68) years. The BCVAs were significantly increased and CMTs were significantly decreased at month 3 and month 6 visits compared to baseline values. The mean IOP was significantly increased from baseline at day 1, week 1, and month 1 visits (p1=0.008, p2=0.018, and p3=0.022, resp.). The average and inferior quadrant peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were significantly reduced at month 6 control visit compared to baseline values (both p<0.001). Conclusions. Ozurdex implant improved the BCVA and reduced the CMT in the eyes with RVO related ME. However, IOP elevations occurred within the first month after the injection and the average and inferior quadrant RNFL thinning was found six months after the injection. Further controlled studies are warranted.

Chronic pain in multiple sclerosis: A10-year longitudinal study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Young ◽  
Bhasker Amatya ◽  
Mary P. Galea ◽  
Fary Khan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackground and purposePain is a common symptom associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and has lasting effects on an individual’s functional capacity and quality of life. A wide range of prevalence rates of pain (between 23% and 90%)have been reported in MS and this is mainly due to the methodological differences amongst the studies such as variability in patient sources, method of sampling and the definition of pain used. Chronic pain in MS, defined as pain lasting for greater than 3–6 months, can have a significant impact on their biopsychosocial health, including negative impact on activities of daily living, relationships and social participation. The long-term course of MS-related pain and its impact in an Australian cohort over a 7-year period has been investigated earlier. The aim of this longitudinal study was to describe the impact of chronic pain, pain-related disability and carer burden in persons with MS over a 10-year period. The aim of this longitudinal study was to describe the impact of chronic pain, pain-related disability and carer burden in persons with MS over a 10-year period.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study conducted at the Rehabilitation Department of Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH), a tertiary referral hospital in Victoria and Australia. The source of participants was from the RMH MS database and contains detailed MS patient information including demographic data, diagnosis details (using McDonald’s criteria), pain characteristics. Structured face-face interviews and validated measures were used, which include the visual analogue scale (VAS); chronic pain grade (CPG); the assessment of quality of life (AQoL) and the carer strain index (CSI). The mean age of the participants (n = 70) was 55.3 years and majority (70%) were female.ResultsThe mean age of the participants (n = 70) was 55.3 years and majority (70%) were female. The findings show that over time (10 years), participants report having greater bilateral bodily pain and greater description of pain as ‘worse as it could be’. Pain types were similar to 7-years follow-up but remained higher than baseline. There was a significant deterioration in quality of life in those with more severe CPG over time. Almost half of the participants 31 (44%) required care either from a private carer, institution or from a family member. Although fear of taking medications and side effects were common barriers to treatment for pain, there was an increase in the use of pharmacological treatment over time and an increase in the use of healthcare services, mainly neurologists and general practitioners.ConclusionsThe pain measures reported by the participants were similar to those at the 7-year follow-up except there was a greater representation of bilateral pain locations (limb, trunk and facial pain) compared to baseline and 7-year follow-up. At 10-year follow-up, more participants used medications compared tc 7-year follow-up and there was an increase in the use of health professionals at the 10-year follow-up At the 10-year follow up QoL of the participants deteriorated significantly and more participants had progressed to higher CPGIII and CPGIV. This study demonstrates that chronic pain is a significant issue over time in MS, with clinical and health implications, impact on quality of life, disability and healthcare utilization.ImplicationsGreater awareness of chronic pain in pwMS, cognitive classifications and an interdisciplinary approach is required to improve long-term patient outcomes and well-being.Crown Copyright © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Scandinavian Association for the Study of Pain. All rights reserved.

scholarly journals Arthroscopic Treatment of Focal Osteochondral Lesions of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 2325967117S0006
Author(s):  
Ersin Kuyucu ◽  
Barış Gülenç ◽  
Mehmet Erdil ◽  
Yavuz Kocabey
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Hallux Rigidus ◽  
Arthroscopic Treatment ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Functional Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: This study aimed to assess the arthroscopic treatment, one of the surgical treatment options, for early grade focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint, and to determine the impact of the arthroscopic microdrill hole surgery on foot function and daily life in a patient group with failed conservative treatment. Materials-Methods: This prospective study reviewed 27 patients having hallux rigidus with osteochondral injury of the first MTP joint who were operated with first MTP joint arthroscopy. Six patients had Coughlin-Shurnas grade 4 hallux rigidus and were excluded from the study; 5 patients were excluded due to having an arthroscopic kissing lesion, and 3 patients were excluded for not having attended regular follow-up after third month. After excluding the above patients, the study was completed with 14 patients Results: The mean hallux vagus angle was 13.29⁰ (±1.93 SD) and the mean intermetatarsal angle was 9.14⁰ (±0.86 SD). Apart from joint arthroscopy, no soft tissue procedure and/or any procedure requiring osteotomy was intended in any patient. The median operative duration was 27.8 (19-56) minutes.The patients had mean preoperative VPS and AOFAS-Hallux scores of 8.14±0.86 SD and 48.64±4.27, respectively; the corresponding postoperative values of both scores were 1.86±0.66 SD and 87.00±3.70. Both VPS and AOFAS-Hallux scores changed significantly (p<0.01) Discussion: In this prospective study we explored the impact of arthroscopic microdrill hole surgery on foot functions and daily life activities in patients with focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint. Our results indicated significant improvements in VAS and AOFAS scores with this treatment. The micro drill technique we applied in this study is based on the principle of opening 4-6-mm long tunnels to enable stem cells to migrate to the defected area and achieve cure by differentiation in full-thickness chondral injuries with exposed subchondral bone.In conclusion, arthroscopic microhole drill technique can be applied with impressive functional scores and without any complication in persons who failed conservative therapy for hallux rigidus with focal chordal injury, a common foot problem. There is a need for comparative studies with long follow-up period in this field.

Approaches to study across four year-levels of undergraduate occupational therapy students: Similar or different?

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 752-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Brown ◽  
Yuki Murdolo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Surface Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
The Mean

Introduction Past studies that have investigated approaches to study adopted by undergraduate students suggest that university learners enrolled in different year-levels in the same academic course may take up different approaches to study. No research to date has investigated how approaches to learning may differ among undergraduate occupational therapy students enrolled in their first, second, third or fourth year of tertiary level study. The aim of the current study was to examine the similarities and differences in approaches to study among four year-levels of occupational therapy students at one Australian university. Method First-, second-, third- and fourth-year undergraduate occupational therapy students ( N = 376; 92.8% response rate) completed the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were conducted to identify differences in approaches to study across the four year-level cohorts of students. Results Fourth-year students differed significantly from first-, second- and third-year students on the mean scores of the deep and strategic approaches to study ( F(3,372) = 6.958, p = .01 and F(3,372) = 8.366, p = .001 respectively) and on a number of the associated Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students subscales. There was no statistically significant difference across the four student cohorts on the mean score of the surface study approach. Conclusion Findings from the current study highlighted the difficulties in facilitating a deep approach to study and the prevalence of a surface study approach among undergraduate occupational therapy students.

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