scholarly journals The scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae) assemblages of pine plantations of the Biała Forest (Poland)

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Durska
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Structure Similarity ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Scuttle fly diversity in disturbed habitats was evaluated on plots in pine plantations of Poland’s Biała Forest. The assemblages present in the two years were assessed for the abundance of species, dominance structure, similarity and species richness, as well as in regard to indices of species diversity, evenness and fidelity. Megaselia brevicostalis was the first dominant on each of the three plots and in both study years. The number of species and their abundance was greatest on the turn of August and September. Most of the dominants and characteristic species are multivoltine, showing spring and late summer/autumn activity.

scholarly journals The scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae) assemblages of a wildfire-affected hemiboreal old-growth forest in Tyresta (Sweden)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Durska ◽  
James Bonet ◽  
Bert Viklund
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Disturbance Factor

In natural forests, fire is an important disturbance factor and many studies have been carried out concerning its effect on different ecosystems, but no studies have previously been done considering the scuttle flies in hemiboreal forests. Here, we carried out an ecological investigation of the scuttle fly assemblage in a hemiboreal old-growth forest in Tyresta National Park and Nature Reserve (Sweden) from material collected, using Malaise traps, after wildfires in 1997 and 1999. We evaluated abundances of species, dominance structure, species richness (by non-parametric species richness method — Chao 1) as well as phenology. The most abundant species of the dominant group (i.e. Megaselia pleuralis, M. nigriceps, M pulicaria-complex and M. brevicostalis) are multivoltine and saprophagous, displaying spring and late summer/autumn activity.

scholarly journals The variation of bird diversity in various oil palm land cover in North Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti Ramlah ◽  
YANTO SANTOSA ◽  
NYOTO SANTOSO ◽  
SITI BADRIYAH RUSHAYATI
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species Diversity

Abstract. Ramlah S, Santosa Y, Santoso N, Rushayati SB. 2021. The variation of bird diversity in various oil palm land cover in North Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3068-3074. The development of oil palm plantations provides various positive impacts. On the other hand, this development is suspected to bring negative impacts on biodiversity, especially reducing bird species diversity. Based on the other research, well-managed oil palm plantations that maintain high conservation value areas have high species diversity. This study aimed to identify bird species diversity in different types of oil palm plantation land covers in North Mamuju. Data observation of bird species was performed using the transect method. There were 4 transects on each land cover. The results of this study showed that the young oil palm area had a high index of diversity and species richness. The high species diversity in the young palm area was caused by habitat variations. There was a water flow that provides more feed sources. The distance between the young oil palm area and secondary forest area affected the number of species, species richness and diversity of bird species. The category of insectivore guild which included aerial insectivores and insectivores was the dominant guild in all types of land cover, both in the number of species and the number of individual abundances.

scholarly journals Effects of Herbaceous Competition Control on Wildlife Habitat Quality in Piedmont Pine Plantations

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Keyser ◽  
V.L. Ford ◽  
D.C. Guynn
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Competition Control

Abstract Wildlife biologists have become increasingly concerned about the effects of herbaceous competition control in pine plantations on wildlife habitats. Data from a study designed to test the effectiveness of herbaceous weed control with different site preparation methods were re-analyzed to assess effects on various measures of wildlife habitat quality. Three rates of Oust® (0, 2, and 4 oz/ac) were applied in mid-April the first year to planted loblolly pine seedlings at seven locations (each a complete randomized block design) in the Virginia Piedmont. Site preparation methods used were pile only (two locations), burn only, chop and burn, pile and disk, and Velpar® and burn (two locations). Results were re-analyzed to assess effects of these methods on total herbaceous vegetation coverage, forage coverage, the ratio of forage/cover, species richness, and species diversity. Although total herbaceous coverage and species richness declined in the first year after application on many locations, vegetation rebounded in the second and/or third year. Few significant differences were observed in forage coverage, the ratio of forage to cover, or species diversity. By the third year, few differences remained among treatment levels. Mechanical site preparation appeared to have less impact on all measures than chemical site preparation. South. J. Appl. For. 27(1):55–60.

The composition, species richness and species pool size of mono- and oligodominant forest stands of the Western Caucasus

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
V. V. Akatov
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
The Western Caucasus

There is an opinion that the pressure of competition in the plant communities of stable and productive habitats leads to the decrease in evenness of structure of species abundance and species richness up to the monopolization of plots by the most successful competitor (Huston, 1979; Bengtsson et al., 1994). Hence, between the species richness of phytocoenoses and relative density of individuals of dominant species (RDD), negative dependence should be observed. However, according to another view, the number of species and structure of their abundance are determined by the different processes. The number of species is determined by the species pool size and the rate of species immigration, while the abundance structure — by the competition (Stirling, Wilsey, 2001; Ma, 2005; Wilsey, Stirling, 2007). In particular, in some communities a decrease of RDD leads to an increase in abundance of subdominant species and to oligodominant structure. These changes in relative abundance could occur without changes in species richness. Therefore these variables could be weakly related (Ma, 2005; Wilsey, Stirling, 2007; Munson, Lauenroth, 2009). However, it is unclear how widely these scenarios are realized in the plant cover. The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between RDD, the dominance structure as a whole (mono- or oligodominant), the species richness and the size of the species pool in the forest stands of the Western Caucasus.

scholarly journals Distribution, Dominance Structure, Species Richness, and Diversity of Bats in Disturbed and Undisturbed Temperate Mountain Forests

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Piksa ◽  
Tomasz Brzuskowski ◽  
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Different Types

The increase in mean annual temperature and reduction in summer rainfall from climate change seem to increase the frequency of natural and human-made disturbances to forest vegetation. This type of rapid vegetation change also significantly affects bat diversity. The aim of our study was to document differences in the ecological parameters of bat assemblages in different types of temperate mountain forests, particularly between disturbed and undisturbed coniferous and deciduous forests. Additionally, these issues were considered along an elevation gradient. We mist netted bats on 73 sites, between 931 and 1453 m elevation, in the forests of the Tatra Mountains in southern Poland. During 2016–2020, 745 bats, representing 15 species, were caught. The most abundant were Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817) (53.0%) and M. brandtii (Eversmann, 1845) (21.5%). We observed differences in species diversity, elevational distribution, and dominance between different types of forests and forest zones. Species richness peaked at around 1000–1100 m elevation. The highest species richness and other indices were observed in undisturbed beech stands, although they constituted only about 2.7% of the forest area. The lowest species diversity was observed in disturbed coniferous forests, in both the lower and upper forest zone. The species richness and dominance structure of bat assemblages were also found to depend on the location above sea level. In some bat species, the sex ratio was higher at higher elevations, and differences in the sex ratio in a few bat species, between different types of forests, were observed. Our findings suggest that disturbed, beetle-killed spruce forests are an unsuitable environment for some bat species.

scholarly journals Species richness, relative abundance, and habitat of reproduction of terrestrial frogs in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Cerrado biome, southeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo A. Giaretta ◽  
Marcelo Menin ◽  
Kátia G. Facure ◽  
Marcelo N. de C. Kokubum ◽  
Júlio C. de Oliveira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Number Of Species

Based on field observations and pitfall sampling, we determined the species richness, relative abundance, and reproductive habitat of terrestrial frogs in three municipalities in the Triângulo Mineiro region, south Cerrado biome, in southeastern Brazil. We found thirty-two species of terrestrial frogs, belonging to the families Brachycephalidae, Bufonidae, Cycloramphidae, Dendrobatidae, Leiuperidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae. Most of the species were found in open areas and reproduced in human-generated environments, such as artificial lakes (10 species) and ponds (14 species). Dominance was high, with Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Leiuperidae) representing 48% of sampled frogs. A larger number of individuals was captured in the wet season, when most of the species were reproducing. Compared to other areas of Cerrado biome, the Triângulo Mineiro sites presented a larger number of species, which may be attributed to the larger sampled area and greater sampling effort, lower altitude and presence of human generated habitats. The richness of terrestrial frogs was also larger than that in some forested localities in southeastern Brazil, indicating that the number of species cannot be explained only by precipitation and type of vegetation cover. The greater abundance of individuals during the wet season may be related to a greater movement of adults to breeding sites and to juvenile recruitment/dispersion. The heterogeneity of environments in the Cerrado biome, including its several isolated highlands, contributes to its high (local and regional) diversity of frogs.

The distribution of dragonfly nymphs across a pH gradient in south-central Ontario lakes

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce Pollard ◽  
Michael Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Emergent Vegetation ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
South Central ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Species Shifts ◽  
Dragonfly Nymphs

Exuviae of 37 species of dragonflies were collected from the emergent vegetation of 19 small (<35 ha) lakes across a pH gradient (range 4.9–8.1) in south-central Ontario to assess the effect of low environmental pH on species richness and diversity. The number of species present in a lake was not significantly correlated with lake pH. Two measures of diversity (Keefe and Bergersen's TU and McIntosh's M) indicate an increase in species diversity with decreasing lake pH. Species shifts in the communities were also correlated with lake pH: five species were apparently excluded from lakes with a midsummer epilimnetic pH below 5.8, and seven species were apparently restricted to lakes with a pH of less than 6.2.

Occurrence of fungal species in stored alfalfa forage as influenced by moisture content at baling and temperature during storage

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Undi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
N. J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of moisture content at baling on fungal growth during storage of alfalfa forage. Alfalfa forage was baled at DM contents of 64.1–66.2% (Low), 71.9–73.2% (Medium) and 75.4–77.4% (High) and was sampled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 21, 35 and 60 d after storage. For each sample, abundance of fungal and yeast species was assessed by plating on media. Total fungal counts, number of species, species diversity, and species dominance were subjected to analysis of variance, and variation in the fungal assemblages was characterized by ordination. Total fungal counts, number of species, species diversity, and species dominance were not influenced (P > 0.05) by moisture content in the early (days 1 to 8) storage phase. Moisture content at baling did influence (P < 0.05) total counts, number of species, and species dominance in the latter phase (days 9 to 60) of storage. Total fungal counts were highest in Low DM forage, and number of species highest in Medium DM forage. Species dominance was highest in High DM forage. Low DM forage was associated with Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor spp., Absidia spp., Emericella nidulans, and thermotolerant hyphomycetes. Aspergillus repens, Absidia spp. and some yeasts were more predominant in Medium and High DM forages. Moisture content and temperature were related to species assemblages during storage but water-soluble carbohydrate concentration, crude protein concentration and total bacteria counts were not. "Field" fungi, Phoma, Alternaria, Cladosporium spp. and most yeasts were eliminated within 8 d of storage. Physical conditions created in the early stages of storage likely affected fungal growth in the later storage phase. Key words: Moisture content, temperature, storage, alfalfa hay, fungal species, diversity

scholarly journals Communities of epigeic beetles in tree line from montane spruce forest to secondary meadow in the different stage of the forest decline in the area of Modrava (Bohemian forest, Czech Republic)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-349
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Boháč ◽  
Karel Matějka
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Epigeic Beetles

Abstract Communities of epigeic beetles were studied using pitfall trapping on 10 plots with the different stage of decline and clear-cut plots without coarse woody debris. Species richness (number of all species, S), total species diversity as the Shannon-Wiener’s index (H) and equitability (e) were calculated in the DBreleve. The Ward’s method of hierarchical agglomerative classification with Euclidean distance was used for the differentiation of the communities on the plots. Species data for this analyse were represented by logarithm-transformed activities [log(x+1)]. The single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical testing of differences in structural parameters (e.g. species richness and diversity) amongst distinguished groups of the plots. The species diversity and activity differs on glades without trees and coarse woody debris. The highest number of species was found in clear-cut areas. The lowest number of species was found on the plots with the living forest particularly invaded by bark beetle. This fact is caused by the fact that the clear-cut plots are invaded by ubiquitous and anthropotolerant species with good migration possibilities. These species are adapted to habitats without trees and are able to leave even in the habitats with very sparse or without vegetation. Species living in the forest even under the bark beetle attack are often stenotopic and adapted to the forest microclimate (higher humidity and low average temperature). These species are very sensitive to great difference in the daily changes of microclimate. The study of beetle communities support the hypothesis that the keeping of dead tree stands on plots after bark beetle outbreak is better for biodiversity conservation than the cutting down of trees and the abolishment of stems.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity in Secondary Forest of Visayas State University Forest Reservation, Philippines

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Anatolio Polinar ◽  
◽  
Uwe Muuss ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
State University ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family

The study was conducted to determine species diversity and similarity within a two-hectare secondary forest of the Visayas State University forest reservation. The diversity value of trees ranged from 3.09 - 4.53. Results of the study indicate that the middle layer of both blocks was observed as the most luxuriant among all layers. A total of 173 species in 113 genera and 51 families; and 92 species, in 69 genera and 37 families were recorded in the middle layer of Block 1 and Block 2, respectively. The genus Ficus of the family Moraceae was identified as the most highly represented in terms of species in both blocks. Moreover, results of the study show that species richness increased within an increasing area but with a decreasing number of species. As to species similarities, it was discovered that 28% of the identified specieds are common to both blocks.

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