scholarly journals Insect assemblage associated with the polypore Fomitopsis pinicola: a comparison across Fennoscandia

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atte Komonen ◽  
Mats Jonsell ◽  
Bjørn Økland ◽  
Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson ◽  
Karl Thunes
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Insect Assemblage

We compiled the data on the insect assemblage occurring within the polypore Fomitopsis pinicola from six regions in Finland, Sweden and Norway. The species composition and diversity of the primary fungivorous beetles (Cisidae and Anobidae) were similar across Fennoscandia. The beetles Cis glabratus Mellié (Cisidae) and C. quadridens Mellié were the most frequent species occurring in 70% and 23% of the fruiting bodies on average. Sulcacis fronticornis (Panzer) and Ennearthron cornutum (Gyllenhal) were relatively common in southern Sweden, while absent from the study regions in Norway and Finland. Similarly, Cis bidentatus (Olivier) and Cis dentatus Mellié were rather common inNorway, but almost absent from the Finnish samples. Species relative abundances in the six study regions exhibit more variation, which to some extent corresponds the biogeographical zones. Our results on the high similarity in species composition indicate deterministic nature of the F. pinicola-associated insect assemblage over large spatial scales. On the other hand, climatic factors probably have an impact on the relative abundance of species.

scholarly journals Species composition diversity of aquatic insects in the Binh Hung Hoa biological pond system

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Tho Van Le ◽  
Dang Doan Phan ◽  
My Ngoc Diem Tran ◽  
Huy Duc Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pond System

This study surveyed and analyzed samples of aquatic insects at 10 pondst Binh Hung Hoa biological system on March and August in 2015. The results recorded 31 species belonging to 24 families, 6 orders, include Coleoptera, Diptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. In particular, the larvae of theory derdiptera had the best diversity of composition, wise distribution and high density. However, the larvae of t h e order ephemeroptera and order trichoptera had the least diversity and low level of density and distribution at maturation ponds. Among ponds, the diversity and density of aerobic pond and sedimentation pond were high while the maturation ponds were low. The composition of aquatic insects had high similarity in the same function ponds and low similarity in the different function ponds. The species composition diversity and abundance of aquatic insects were the highest in the sedimentation pond and lowest in the other ponds. In the rainy season, the species composition diversity of aquatic insects were higher than those in the dry season.

scholarly journals Repeated surveying over 6 years reveals that fine-scale habitat variables are key to tropical mountain ant assemblage composition and functional diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulalo M. Muluvhahothe ◽  
Grant S. Joseph ◽  
Colleen L. Seymour ◽  
Thinandavha C. Munyai ◽  
Stefan H. Foord
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Fine Scale

AbstractHigh-altitude-adapted ectotherms can escape competition from dominant species by tolerating low temperatures at cooler elevations, but climate change is eroding such advantages. Studies evaluating broad-scale impacts of global change for high-altitude organisms often overlook the mitigating role of biotic factors. Yet, at fine spatial-scales, vegetation-associated microclimates provide refuges from climatic extremes. Using one of the largest standardised data sets collected to date, we tested how ant species composition and functional diversity (i.e., the range and value of species traits found within assemblages) respond to large-scale abiotic factors (altitude, aspect), and fine-scale factors (vegetation, soil structure) along an elevational gradient in tropical Africa. Altitude emerged as the principal factor explaining species composition. Analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity indicated that ant assemblages are specific to each elevation, so species are not filtered out but replaced with new species as elevation increases. Similarity of assemblages over time (assessed using beta decay) did not change significantly at low and mid elevations but declined at the highest elevations. Assemblages also differed between northern and southern mountain aspects, although at highest elevations, composition was restricted to a set of species found on both aspects. Functional diversity was not explained by large scale variables like elevation, but by factors associated with elevation that operate at fine scales (i.e., temperature and habitat structure). Our findings highlight the significance of fine-scale variables in predicting organisms’ responses to changing temperature, offering management possibilities that might dilute climate change impacts, and caution when predicting assemblage responses using climate models, alone.

scholarly journals A new uncertainty estimation approach with multiple datasets and implementation for various precipitation products

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 2061-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Jan Polcher ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Ching-Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Variance Partitioning ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales

Abstract. Ensemble estimates based on multiple datasets are frequently applied once many datasets are available for the same climatic variable. An uncertainty estimate based on the difference between the ensemble datasets is always provided along with the ensemble mean estimate to show to what extent the ensemble members are consistent with each other. However, one fundamental flaw of classic uncertainty estimates is that only the uncertainty in one dimension (either the temporal variability or the spatial heterogeneity) can be considered, whereas the variation along the other dimension is dismissed due to limitations in algorithms for classic uncertainty estimates, resulting in an incomplete assessment of the uncertainties. This study introduces a three-dimensional variance partitioning approach and proposes a new uncertainty estimation (Ue) that includes the data uncertainties in both spatiotemporal scales. The new approach avoids pre-averaging in either of the spatiotemporal dimensions and, as a result, the Ue estimate is around 20 % higher than the classic uncertainty metrics. The deviation of Ue from the classic metrics is apparent for regions with strong spatial heterogeneity and where the variations significantly differ in temporal and spatial scales. This shows that classic metrics underestimate the uncertainty through averaging, which means a loss of information in the variations across spatiotemporal scales. Decomposing the formula for Ue shows that Ue has integrated four different variations across the ensemble dataset members, while only two of the components are represented in the classic uncertainty estimates. This analysis of the decomposition explains the correlation as well as the differences between the newly proposed Ue and the two classic uncertainty metrics. The new approach is implemented and analysed with multiple precipitation products of different types (e.g. gauge-based products, merged products and GCMs) which contain different sources of uncertainties with different magnitudes. Ue of the gauge-based precipitation products is the smallest, while Ue of the other products is generally larger because other uncertainty sources are included and the constraints of the observations are not as strong as in gauge-based products. This new three-dimensional approach is flexible in its structure and particularly suitable for a comprehensive assessment of multiple datasets over large regions within any given period.

In vitro measurements of the competitive interactions between two saprobic basidiomycetes on Typha latifolia

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1523-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Schulz ◽  
James F. Cahill, ◽  
Randolph S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Leaf Segments

Psathyrella typhae (Kalchbr.) Pearson & Dennis forms small basidiomata (mushrooms) and Sclerotium hydrophilum Saccardo in Rothert numerous minute sclerotia at the base of senescent shoots of Typha latifolia L. To assess how the two might compete in nature, isolates of these fungi were paired on autoclaved leaf segments of T. latifolia and incubated at 15 and 25 °C. The relative abundance of each species in the segments was determined by macerating the leaf tissues and then transferring fragments of macerate to microplates containing two types of media: one conclusively demonstrated the presence of P. typhae while the other demonstrated the presence of S. hydrophilum. Relative numbers of microplate wells showing positive reactions for each species on each medium indicated the proportion of the segment occupied following single and paired inoculations. These data demonstrated that competition was asymmetric, with P. typhae the stronger competitor at both temperatures, and uninhibited by the presence of S. hydrophilum. In contrast, S. hydrophilum was competitively excluded by P. typhae.

scholarly journals Genetic variation among pathogens causing "Helminthosporium" diseases of rice, maize and wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA C. B. WEIKERT-OLIVEIRA ◽  
M. APARECIDA DE RESENDE ◽  
HENRIQUE M. VALÉRIO ◽  
RACHEL B. CALIGIORNE ◽  
EDILSON PAIVA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Upgma Phenogram

Twenty isolates of four fungal species, agents of "Helminthosporium" diseases in cereals, were collected from different regions: nine Bipolarisoryzae isolated from rice (Oryza sativa), seven B.sorokiniana from wheat (Triticum aestivum), two B. maydis, and two Exserohilumturcicum from maize (Zea mays). The strains were compared by PCR-RFLP and RAPD analysis. Size polymorphism among the isolates in the ITS region comprising the 5.8 S rDNA indicated genetic differences among the isolates, while a UPGMA phenogram constructed after the digestion of this region with restriction enzymes showed inter- and intra-specific polymorphism. The RAPD profiles indicated an expressive level of polymorphism among different species, compared with a low level of polymorphism among isolates of the same species. A UPGMA phenogram grouped the isolates according to the species and their host plant. RAPD profiles did not reveal polymorphism that directly correlated climatic factors with geographic source of the isolates of B. sorokiniana, and B. oryzae. Teleomorphic species revealed high similarity with their correspondent anamorphs.

scholarly journals Ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis en Northern Venezuela: I. Description of the study area, catching methods and species composition

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dora Feliciangeli
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Catching Methods

A study on the ecology of phlebotomine sandfly fauna in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Venezuela was undertaken in order to investigate the species responsible for the transmission. The study area and catching methods for phlebotomine sandflies are described. A total of 9,061 females and 1,662 males were collected during a year-term study. 12 species of Lutzomya and 1 species of Brumptomya sp. were identified. Absolute and relative abundance and ocurrence for each species were determined. The rel ative occurrence allowed to distinguish the common species, viz. L. panamensis, L. ovallesi, L. gomezi, L. tinidadensis, L. atroclavata, L. cayennensis, L. shannoni and L. olmeca bicolor from the rare species vis., L. punctigeniculata, L. rangeliana, L. evansi and L. dubitans. General comments on the species composition of the sandfly fauna in this locality are made.

scholarly journals Factors affecting relative abundance of low-mobility fishing resources: spiny lobster in the Galapagos Marine Reserve

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Murillo-Posada ◽  
Silvia Salas ◽  
Iván Velázquez-Abunader
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Galapagos Marine Reserve

Management of low-mobility or benthic fisheries is a difficult task because variation in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of the resources make the monitoring and assessment of these fisheries challenging. We assumed that environmental, spatial, and temporal factors can contribute to the variability of the relative abundance of such species; we used Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to test this hypothesis using as a case study the lobster fishery (targeting two species) in the Galapagos Marine Reserve, Ecuador. We gathered data on each of the two species of lobster on a monthly basis over seven years, including: (a) onboard observers’ records of catch data, fishing effort, and ground location by trip, and (b) data from interviews undertaken with fishers at their arrival to port, recording the same type of information as obtained from onboard observers. We use this information to analyze the effect of the measured variables and to standardize the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) in each case, using the GAMLSS. For both species, the temperature, region, fishing schedule, month, distance, and the monitoring system were significant variables of the selected models associated with the variability of the catch rate. ForPanulirus penicillatus, CPUE was higher at night than during the day, and forPanulirus gracilisit was higher during the day. Increased temperature resulted in a decrease of CPUE values. It was evident that temporal, spatial scales and monitoring system can influence the variability of this indicator. We contend that the identification of drivers of change of relative abundance in low-mobility species can help to support the development of monitoring and assessment programs for this type of fisheries.

scholarly journals Adult caddisflies (Trichoptera) attracted to artificial lights in the middle reaches of the Shinano River from 2005 to 2007

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMIO HIRABAYASHI ◽  
GORO KIMURA ◽  
EISO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summer Flood

The species composition and abundance of adult caddisflies attracted to the illuminated showcase of a vending machine set along the middle reaches of the Shinano River were investigated every Sunday night from April to November in 2005 to 2007. A total of 1,405 adult caddisflies was collected during the investigation periods. We identified a total of 13 species belonging to 11 genera of 8 families. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis (Ulmer 1908) each year. Psychomyia acutipennis adults were collected from mid-May to the beginning of October (the range of mean air temperature was 13.8 to 27.7°C), with its seasonal abundance divided into several peaks, i.e., the end of May, the beginning of June, and the end of August to the beginning of September in both 2006 and 2007. On the other hand, in 2005 when there was no large-scale summer flood and there were no marked abundance peaks. The present study suggests that the mean air temperature and summer floods impacted the seasonal abundance of P. acutipennis adults.

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