scholarly journals Mass Media Exposure and its Impact on Fertility: Current Scenario of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Fazle Rabbi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Mass Media Exposure ◽  
The Impact

On the way to reduce fertility rate of Bangladesh, mass media plays significant role to raise consciousness about the family planning program on general peoples. In this study the impact of mass media has been measured by the pattern of watching television, listening radio and reading newspaper. Using the proportional hazards model, the mass media exposure found to be a significant differential of fertility even after controlling the effects of contraception, place of residence, and mother’s educational and employment status. This implies, by taking necessary steps, mass media can be used much more adequately to reduce fertility rate of Bangladesh. Keywords: Fertility; Mass media exposure; Hazards model. © 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.8917 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 383-395 (2012)

scholarly journals Stepfamily instability in Canada – The impact of family composition and union type

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-218
Author(s):  
Valerie Martin ◽  
Céline Le Bourdais ◽  
Évelyne Lapierre-Adamcyk
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Family Composition ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Union Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this paper is to analyze stepfamily instability in Canada by applying the proportional hazards model to the information collected in the 2001 General Social Survey on Family. More specifically, we examine the effect that the family composition and the type of conjugal union exert on the risk of separation, and test whether the impact of cohabiting union varies over time and between Quebec and the other provinces, depending of its stage of institutionalization. The analysis shows that stepmother families face a lower risk of separation than those formed around a stepfather, and that cohabiting stepfamily couples are more unstable than married ones. The risk of union dissolution among stepfamily couples has increased over time, for married as well as cohabiting partners, but the effect of cohabitation relative to marriage does not appear to significantly differ across periods or regions. Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die (In)stabilität von Stieffamilien in Kanada. Die Analysen wurden mit dem General Social Survey (GSS) 2001 unter Anwendung der Ereignisdatenanalyse durchgeführt. Von besonderem Interesse waren der Einfluss der Familienkonstellation und die Art der Partnerschaft auf das Trennungsrisiko. Ferner wurde untersucht, wie sich die (In)stabilität von Stieffamilien über die Zeit entwickelt hat. In der kanadischen Provinz Québec gelten nichteheliche Lebensgemeinschaften bereits als vollständig institutionalisiert. Ein weiterer Aspekt dieser Studie war der Vergleich der Entwicklung der québecer Stieffamilien mit denen im restlichen Kanada über die Zeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Stiefmutterfamilien ein geringeres Trennnungsrisiko haben als Stiefvaterfamilien und dass Ehen in Stieffamilien stabiler sind als in nichteheliche Lebensgemeinschaften. Ebenso konnte gezeigt werden, dass für beide Partnerschaftstypen das Trennungsrisiko über die Zeit hinweg stark zugenommen hat.

scholarly journals Influence of Tourism Seasonality and Financial Ratios on Hotels’ Exit Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110160
Author(s):  
Dengjun Zhang ◽  
Jinghua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Impact

Tourism seasonality negatively affects hotels’ operational and financial performance and then survival probabilities. Several studies have evaluated the impact of tourism seasonality on hotels’ exit risk. However, the empirical findings are ambiguous, probably due to the overall seasonality and different measures used in these studies. Against this background, this study explores the impact of tourism seasonality on hotel firms’ exit risk, using a proportional hazards model. We controlled for financial ratios, the main factors influencing the exit risk, and used two measures of tourism seasonality by market segment, namely, leisure, business, and conference tourism. The case study is the Norwegian hotel industry. The empirical results suggest that the different seasonal patterns of tourism demand in the market segments mitigate the impact of the overall seasonality on hotels’ exit risk, and that seasonality measures of various tourism segments affect the exit risk in different ways.

Between National Polarization and Local Ideology: The Impact of Partisan Competition on State Medicaid Expansion Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Meyer-Gutbrod
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Partisan Competition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision to grant states the authority to reject Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act without penalty threatened the implementation of this polarized health policy. While many Republican-controlled states followed their national allies and rejected Medicaid expansion, others engaged in bipartisan implementation. Why were some Republican states willing to reject the national partisan agenda and cooperate with Democrats in Washington? I focus on the role of electoral competition within states. I conclude that although electoral competition has been shown to encourage partisan polarization within the states, the combination of intergovernmental implementation and Medicaid expansion’s association with public welfare reverses this dynamic. I employ a Cox proportional-hazards model to examine the impact of state partisan ideology and competition on the likelihood of state Medicaid expansion. I find that strong inter-party competition mitigates the impact of more extreme partisan ideologies, encouraging potentially bipartisan negotiation with the federal administration.

scholarly journals Mass Media Exposure and Timing of Antenatal Care Initiation among Women in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Linet M. Mutisya ◽  
Milton W. Musaba
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Mass Media Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background : Early initiation of quality antenatal (ANC) in the first trimester and received quality care are highly emphasized by WHO in the new 2016 guidelines. Mass media have the potential to promote early initiation of ANC because they have been used successfully in several programmes. However, there is a paucity of literature on the impact of media exposure on the timing of ANC initiation in Uganda. Hence our study aimed at exploring associations between the different mass media exposure and timing of antenatal care initiation among women in Uganda.Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted using the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016 weighted data of 10,152 women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between mass media exposure and early initiation of antenatal care. All our analyses were done using SPSS version 25.Results : Almost a third of the women (2953/10,152, 29.1%, 95% CI: 27.9-29.6) initiated their first ANC contact in the first trimester. In the final multivariable analyses, exposure to television (TV) and radio, belonging to the Northern and Western regions, younger age and less household size each had a significant positive association with earlier ANC initiation while lower education attainment had an inverse association. Women who were exposed to TV (adjusted OR (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.38) and radio (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.29) were 19% and 14% more likely to initiate ANC earlier compared to those who were not exposed to TV and radio respectively.Conclusion : In Uganda, less than a third of women initiated ANC in the first trimester. Young women from a smaller household with access to either a radio or television, and residing in Northern and Western regions were more likely to initiate ANC early enough. In order to promote early initiation of ANC, the government needs to intensify mass media campaigns on local media houses that promote this practice.

scholarly journals Impact of Prior Cancer History on Outcomes in Thymoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilong Wu ◽  
Mengyang Liu ◽  
Weixue Cui ◽  
Guilin Peng ◽  
Jianxing He
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Thymoma is an uncommon intrathoracic malignant tumor and has a long natural history. It is uncertain whether the survival of thymoma patient is affected by prior cancer history. Finding out the impact of a prior cancer history on thymoma survival has important implications for both decision making and research. Method The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for thymoma patients diagnosed between 1975 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze overall survival across a variety of stages, age, and treatment methods with a prior cancer history or not. Results A total of 3604 patients with thymoma were identified including 507 (14.1%) with a prior cancer history. The 10-year survival rate of patients with a prior cancer history (53.8%) was worse than those without a prior cancer history (40.32%, 95%CI 35.24-45.33, P < 0.0001). However, adjusted analyses showed that the impact of a prior cancer history was heterogenous across age and treatment methods. In subset analyses, prior cancer history was associated with worse survival among patients who were treated with chemoradiotherapy (HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.51-5.20, P = 0.001) and age ≤ 65 years (HR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.73, P = 0.036). Conclusions Prior cancer history provides an inferior overall survival for patients with thymoma. But it does not worsen the survival in some subgroups and these thymoma patients should not be excluded from clinical trials.

scholarly journals Mass Media Exposure and use of family planning in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Alganeh ◽  
Berhanu Fikade Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Mass Media Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mass media is a significant force in the digital divide era in which communities and individuals are engaged constantly with messages from a crowd of information sources. As family planning is influenced by mass media, there is a need to study the impact of mass media exposure on family planning utilization.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to prognosticate overall survival (OS) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients (pts) treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 194-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wise ◽  
James Kelvin ◽  
Ryon Graf ◽  
Nicole A. Schreiber ◽  
Brigit McLaughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

194 Background: Upregulation of GR protein expression in metastatic biopsies from pts with CRPC has previously been shown to correlate with resistance to enzalutamide and has been validated as a therapeutic target in pre-clinical studies. We sought to determine whether upregulated GR protein expression in CTCs from pts with progressing mCRPC predicted clinical outcomes following treatment with enzalutamide (E) or abiraterone (A). Methods: Pre-therapy blood samples from 54 pts with progressing mCRPC were subjected to CTC analysis using the Epic Sciences platform. Samples were examined to identify CK+ (CK+, CD45- cells, with intact nuclei, morph distinct) CTCs for GR protein expression. GR+ CTCs were defined as having expression greater than the 95th percentile of GR expression in the GR negative LNCAP cell line. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to test the impact of GR+ CTCs on OS following treatment with A or E. A Cox proportional hazards model with CTC number and GR positivity was used in a multivariate analysis. Results: 37 out of 54 pts (69%) had detectable and viable CK+ CTCs. 28 out of 37 pts (76%) had CTCs with upregulated GR staining with a median of 6 GR+/CK+ cells/ml per patient (range 0.7 – 244 cells/ml). The OS of patients with GR+ CTCs treated with ARSi was significantly worse than that of patients without detectable GR+ CTCs (11.4 mo. vs NA, p < 0.01), an effect independent and additive to the presence of viable CTCs, a previously described prognostic biomarker (see Table). Conclusions: GR protein upregulation in CTCs can be detected in a significant percentage of pts with progressing mCRPC and the presence of GR+ CTCs predicts worse OS in response to ARSi. The data supports previously reported pre-clinical data proposing a pathogenic role for GR in mediating resistance to ARSi therapy. Detection of GR in patient CTCs may be a useful predictive biomarker to guide GR-directed therapies. [Table: see text]

Supportive care in cancer: Impact of marital status on outcome of end-stage head and neck cancer.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Matthew C Simpson ◽  
Aleksandr R Bukatko ◽  
Allison P Knewitz ◽  
Connor L Donovan ◽  
Eric Adjei Boakye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

18 Background: The impact of marital status on cancer survival, including head and neck cancer (HNC), has been previously described. However, no previous study has shown whether being married impacts head and neck cancer patients with end-stage disease. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of marital status on survival of patients with stage IVc HNC. Methods: Patients ≥18 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed with end-stage (AJCC stage IVc) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from 2007-2015 ( n=2,886) were included. Kaplan-Meier survival estimated crude survival differences stratified by marital status (married/partnered, never married, divorced/separated, widowed) using log-rank test, and in-between differences were determined using Bonferroni adjustments. Competing risks proportional hazards model determined the effect of marital status on death from HNC while controlling for covariates (age, year of diagnosis, county-level poverty percentage, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, anatomic subsite, and treatment modality). Results: Patients were predominantly male (81%) and white (65%), with mean age of 62 years. Median overall survival for the cohort was 11 months. The Kaplan-Meier curves indicated at the end of follow-up that divorced/separated (HNSCC-specific survival percentage=13%), never married (8%), and widowed patients (12%) had significantly lower survival than married/partnered patients (20%) (Bonferroni p<0.01). After adjusting for covariates, the proportional hazards model indicated that divorced/separated (aHR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.33), never married (aHR=1.20, 95% CI 1.07, 1.36), and widowed patients (aHR=1.23, 95% CI 1.02, 1.48) were significantly more likely to die from HNSCC than married/partnered patients. Conclusions: Married patients with HNC enjoy better survival outcomes than those unmarried, and those widowed and divorced have worse outcomes. This study illustrates that supportive care, in the form of being married, impacts patients, including those with end-stage disease.

scholarly journals Antibiotics modulate neoadjuvant therapy efficiency in patients with breast cancer: a pilot analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Long Yu ◽  
Jiajie Shi ◽  
Sainan Li ◽  
Shiwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that microbiota dysbiosis caused by antibiotic administration is a risk factor for cancer, but few research reports focus on the relationships between antibiotics and chemotherapy efficiency. We evaluated the influence of antibiotic administration on neoadjuvant therapy efficacy in patients with breast cancer (BC) in the present study. BC patients were stratified into two groups: antibiotic-treated and control based on antibiotic administration within 30 days after neoadjuvant therapy initiation. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analyses. The pathologic complete response rate of the control group was significantly higher than that of the antibiotic-treated group (29.09% vs. 10.20%, p = 0.017). Further univariate analysis with Kaplan–Meier calculations demonstrated that antibiotic administration was strongly linked with both reduced DFS (p = 0.04) at significant statistical levels and OS (p = 0.088) at borderline statistical levels. Antibiotic administration was identified as a significant independent prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio (HR) 3.026, 95%, confidence interval (CI) 1.314–6.969, p = 0.009] and OS (HR 2.836, 95% CI 1.016–7.858, p = 0.047) by Cox proportional hazards model analysis. Antibiotics that initiated reduced efficiency of chemotherapy were more noticeable in the HER2-positive subgroup for both DFS (HR 5.51, 95% CI 1.77–17.2, p = 0.003) and OS (HR 7.0395% CI 1.94–25.53, p = 0.003), as well as in the T3-4 subgroup for both DFS (HR 20.36, 95% CI 2.41–172.07, p = 0.006) and OS (HR 13.45, 95% CI 1.39–130.08, p = 0.025) by stratified analysis. Antibiotic administration might be associated with reduced efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy and poor prognosis in BC patients. As a preliminary study, our research made preparations for further understanding and large-scale analyses of the impact of antibiotics on the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy.

scholarly journals Integrating multi-omics data with deep learning for predicting cancer prognosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chai ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Zifeng Cui ◽  
Jiahua Rao ◽  
Zheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMotivationAccurately predicting cancer prognosis is necessary to choose precise strategies of treatment for patients. One of effective approaches in the prediction is the integration of multi-omics data, which reduces the impact of noise within single omics data. However, integrating multi-omics data brings large number of redundant variables and relative small sample sizes. In this study, we employed Autoencoder networks to extract important features that were then input to the proportional hazards model to predict the cancer prognosis.ResultsThe method was applied to 12 common cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas. The results show that the multi-omics averagely improves 4.1% C-index for prognosis prediction over single mRNA data, and our method outperforms previous approaches by at least 7.4%. A comparison of the contribution of single omics data show that mRNA contributes the most, followed by the DNA methylation, miRNA, and the copy number variation. In the case study for differential gene expression analysis, we identified 161 differentially expressed genes in the cervical cancer, among which 77 genes (65.8%) have been proven to be associated with cancer. In addition, we performed the cross-cancer test where the model trained on one cancer was used to predict the prognosis of another cancer, and found 23 pairs of cancers have a C-index larger than 0.5, with the largest value of 0.68. Thus, this study has provided a deep learning framework to effectively integrate multiple omics data to predict cancer prognosis.

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