scholarly journals More Than a Criminal Tool: The Hawala System’s Role As A Critical Remittance Channel for Low-Income Pakistani Migrants in Dubai

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-88
Author(s):  
Froilan Tuccat Malit Jr ◽  
Mouawiya Alawad ◽  
George Naufal
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Unique Product ◽  
Ongoing Effort

This paper examines how and why migrants remit through unauthorized remittance channels (namely the hawala or hundi) and investigates the hawala's developmental roles and effects on migrants’ socioeconomic status. Applying a qualitative case study of 30 low-income Pakistani migrants in Dubai, we argue that the thriving yet unauthorized status of the hawala system is a unique product of global migration process. In contrast to the dominant literature on the nexus between the hawala and terrorist and criminal-related financing, we assert that the sustainability of the hawala is the result of an ongoing effort of low-income migrants to increase their remitting power, providing money that is crucial to their families’ socioeconomic status within the con-text of rapidly globalizing forces. This study provides both important empirical and theoretical insights into the hawala's complex relevance for low-income migrants, governments, and international organizations in global migration context.

scholarly journals Factors that influence the scale up of new interventions in low-income settings: a qualitative case study of the introduction of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-451
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Callaghan-Koru ◽  
Munia Islam ◽  
Marufa Khan ◽  
Ardy Sowe ◽  
Jahrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Low Income Countries

Abstract There is a well-recognized need for empirical study of processes and factors that influence scale up of evidence-based interventions in low-income countries to address the ‘know-do’ gap. We undertook a qualitative case study of the scale up of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord (CHX) in Bangladesh to identify and compare facilitators and barriers for the institutionalization and expansion stages of scale up. Data collection and analysis for this case study were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the WHO/ExpandNet model of scale up. At the national level, we interviewed 20 stakeholders involved in CHX policy or implementation. At the district level, we conducted interviews with 31 facility-based healthcare providers in five districts and focus group discussions (FGDs) with eight community-based providers and eight programme managers. At the community level, we conducted 7 FGDs with 53 mothers who had a baby within the past year. Expanded interview notes were thematically coded and analysed following an adapted Framework approach. National stakeholders identified external policy and incentives, and the engagement of stakeholders in policy development through the National Technical Working Committee for Newborn Health, as key facilitators for policy and health systems changes. Stakeholders, providers and families perceived the intervention to be simple, safe and effective, and more consistent with family preferences than the prior policy of dry cord care. The major barriers that delayed or decreased the public health impact of the scale up of CHX in Bangladesh’s public health system related to commodity production, procurement and distribution. Bangladesh’s experience scaling up CHX suggests that scale up should involve early needs assessments and planning for institutionalizing new drugs and commodities into the supply chain. While the five CFIR domains were useful for categorizing barriers and facilitators, additional constructs are needed for common health systems barriers in low-income settings.

scholarly journals Potential for health economics to influence policies on tobacco use during pregnancy in low-income and middle-income countries: a qualitative case study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e045624
Author(s):  
Tuba Saygın Avşar ◽  
Louise Jackson ◽  
Hugh McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Specific

IntroductionTobacco control during pregnancy is a policy priority in high-income countries (HICs) because of the significant health and inequality consequences. However, little evidence exists on interventions to reduce tobacco use in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially for pregnant women. This study aimed to assess how health economics evidence, which is mainly produced in HICs, could be adopted for tobacco cessation policies for pregnant women in LMICs.MethodsA qualitative case study was conducted in an international public health organisation. The organisation was chosen due to its capacity to influence health policies around the world. Tobacco control experts working in the organisation were identified through purposeful sampling and snowballing. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 informants with relevant experience of countries from all of the regions covered by the organisation. Data were analysed using the framework method.ResultsIn practice, tobacco cessation during pregnancy was not viewed as a priority in LMICs despite international recognition of the issue. In LMICs, factors including the recorded country-specific prevalence of tobacco use during pregnancy, availability of healthcare resources and the characteristics of potential interventions all affected the use of health economics evidence for policy making.ConclusionThe scale of tobacco use among pregnant women might be greater than reported in LMICs. Health economics evidence produced in HICs has the potential to inform health policies in LMICs around tobacco cessation interventions if the country-specific circumstances are addressed. Economic evaluations of cessation interventions integrated into antenatal care with a household perspective would be especially relevant in LMICs.

scholarly journals ‘They need to ask me first’. Community engagement with low‐income citizens. A realist qualitative case‐study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther De Weger ◽  
Caroline Baan ◽  
Cheryl Bos ◽  
Katrien Luijkx ◽  
Hanneke Drewes
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study

Space transformation in a low-income housing community in Danukusuman, Surakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sunarti ◽  
Joesron Alie Syahbana ◽  
Asnawi Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Partial Transformation ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Space Transformation

PurposeWithin low-income communities in urban slums, access to housing is limited because individuals in these communities cannot afford to purchase homes. One area of Indonesia with these conditions is Kampung Kajen, Danukusuman, Surakarta, where, oftentimes, a single house is inhabited by several families and is passed down from generation to generation. This causes a change in space, a narrowing of that which is inhabited by the next generation. This paper aims to examine the transformation of space within low-income homes in Kampong Kajen.Design/methodology/approachThe research method was a qualitative case study approach, and data were collected through direct interviews and field observation. Informants in this study were classified into three groups: residents, non-residents and government agencies.FindingsThe space transformation that occurred in the studied samples was partial. The transformation continued to occur as the new families grew, and the area of space used by the new families experienced a narrowing for future generations.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research is in regard to the findings about the partial transformation of the house from generation to generation, which details changes in the layout and the extent of the house interior, the narrowing of the house, the change of owners and the changing behaviour of the house inhabitants. Partial transformation continues to occur in line with the addition of new families living in one house.

scholarly journals The Challenges and Strategies of Affordable Care Act Navigators and In-Person Assisters with Enrolling Uninsured, Violently Injured Young Black Men into Healthcare Insurance Coverage

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798832110055
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Richardson ◽  
William Wical ◽  
Nipun Kottage ◽  
Mihir Chaudhary ◽  
Nicholas Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Violent Injury ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Healthcare Insurance ◽  
Insurance Enrollment

Low-income young Black men experience a disproportionate burden of violent injury in the United States. These men face significant disparities in healthcare insurance coverage and access to care. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) created a new healthcare workforce, Navigators and In-Person Assisters (IPAs), to support low-income minority populations with insurance enrollment. Using a longitudinal qualitative case study approach with Navigators and IPAs at the two busiest urban trauma centers in Maryland, this study identifies the culturally and structurally responsive enrollment strategies used by three Navigators/IPAs as they enrolled violently injured young Black men in healthcare insurance coverage. These approaches included gaining their trust and building rapport and engaging female caregivers during enrollment. Navigators and IPAs faced significant barriers, including identity verification, health literacy, privacy and confidentiality, and technological issues. These findings offer novel insight into the vital work performed by Navigators and IPAs, as they attempt to decrease health disparities for young Black male survivors of violence. Despite high rates of victimization due to violent firearm injury, little is known about how this population gains access to healthcare insurance. Although the generalizability of this research may be limited due to the small sample size of participants, the qualitative case study approach offers critical exploratory data suggesting the importance of trauma-informed care in insurance enrollment by Navigators and IPAs. They also emphasize the need to further address structural issues, which affect insurance enrollment and thus undermine the well-being of young Black men who have survived violent injury.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators of adherence for cervical cancer prevention in low-income women in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaramillo PC Bermúdez ◽  
M Arrivillaga Quintero ◽  
K J Torres Poveda ◽  
D M Castrillón Libreros ◽  
D Neira Acevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Primary Health

Abstract Introduction In Colombian women, cervical cancer screening coverage in 2017, 48.2 % of women were able to pay and 34.3% were not able to. Objective To determine the barriers and facilitators of screening adherence to preventive program for cervical cancer prevention, in women were not able to pay affiliated to a public network of primary health care in Cali, Colombia, during the years 2014-2018. Methods Sequential mixed study, quantitative initial phase and second qualitative phase. We analyzed information from 32,001 insured women and 7,691 users of the program. The quantitative design was cross-cutting, observational and analytical; we also incorporate a qualitative case study; we conduct focus groups, in-depth interviews with users, health care services and administrative staff. Results 47.5% of women were adherents to the program; women over 50 (OR = 0,82; 95% CI = 0,73-0,92), who lived further away from the health care site, (OR = 0,78; 95% CI = 0,62-0,97), had worse adherence to the program; women most often from medical consultations had increased adherence (OR = 3; 95% CI = 2,66-3,42). The qualitative case study showed similar barriers to other populations, living conditions, shame and fears of the procedure itself. We found as facilitators, agile attention, the ease of consulting services, and having some social support. Conclusions Despite the efforts of the public network of primary health care, the personnel staff consider a great barrier, the lack of updated information of women, which prevents recruitment and monitoring. Key messages In low-income women, it is necessary to generate interventions in groups of poor non-adherent women, as well as women with low adherence. Adherence depends on women’s beliefs and knowledge. Lack of interaction with a healthcare provider, increasing age and living far away from the health care site continue to be barriers.

Generation of national political priority for surgery: a qualitative case study of three low-income and middle-income countries

The Lancet ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. S54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J Dare ◽  
Josh Bleicher ◽  
Katherine C Lee ◽  
Alex E Elobu ◽  
Thaim B Kamara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Political Priority

Qualitative Case Study Research Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Tetnowski
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Study Research

Qualitative case study research can be a valuable tool for answering complex, real-world questions. This method is often misunderstood or neglected due to a lack of understanding by researchers and reviewers. This tutorial defines the characteristics of qualitative case study research and its application to a broader understanding of stuttering that cannot be defined through other methodologies. This article will describe ways that data can be collected and analyzed.

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