scholarly journals Constructed wetlands in Ireland

2011 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Fergus Mc Auliffe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Irish People ◽  
Typical Treatment

In comparison to other European countries, Ireland has a very large rural population. As of 2006, 42% of Irish people lived in rural areas. In cities and towns, wastewater is generally treated by centralised treatment plants. However in rural areas, wastewater from domestic treatment is typically decentralised, i.e., wastewater is treated on-site. The most common method of on-site wastewater treatment is private septic tanks and associated percolation areas. In all, there are 400,000 septic tanks in use around the country. These septic tanks and percolation areas are in various states of maintenance. Often, septic tanks are leaking or incorrectly constructed. Percolation areas are frequently clogged and do not treat the wastewater adequately. Typical treatment efficiencies of this system are of the order of 40% removal of organic matter, and 15% removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Faulty septic tanks and percolation areas are viewed as a major environmental concern by the ...

scholarly journals Effectiveness of wastewater treatment from the fruit and vegetable industry in the vertical flow-type constructed wetlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Puchlik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of wastewater treatment from the fruit and vegetable industry in constructed wetlands supported by a bio-preparation. An increase in the efficiency of organic substance purification expressed as BOD5 and COD by 8% in deposit with the addition of bio-preparation in relation to the control bed (without the addition of bio-preparation), was found. The efficiency of the total suspension, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased respectively by 19.5%, 10%, and 27% in relation to the bed without addition of bio-preparation. Constructed wetlands treatment plant ensures high removal of organic compounds expressed as BOD5 and COD, as well as guarantees reduction in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

scholarly journals Wyposażenie obszarów wiejskich w systemy odprowadzania ścieków na przykładzie gmin powiatu olsztyńskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Town

The purpose of the study was to evaluate, in a local approach, the state of supply of rural areas in a rural district with household wastewater management systems, with the focus on home wastewater treatment plants. The study covered the rural areas of the district of Olsztyn. The data, which were acquired from the Bank of Local Data, were processed through basic mathematical transformations and statistical measures. The structure and intensity indices were calculated per 1,000 residents. Large differences were found in the access to linear infrastructure and to individual systems of wastewater discharge. The results showed a constant increase in the number of home wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks due to the constant influx of people to villages lying around the town of Olsztyn. In contrast to studies conducted on a regional scale, no decrease in the number of septic tanks was observed correlated with the growing number of home wastewater treatment plants. A possible reason can be the specific environmental conditions and protection of inland waters, which limit possible locations of home wastewater treatment plants.

Experiences on Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Rural Areas: a Case-Study in Sicily

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Barbagallo ◽  
Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli ◽  
Simona Consoli ◽  
Attilio Toscano ◽  
Santo Marcello Zimbone
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas

Consumer managed co-operative - a solution for progressing wastewater management in rural areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
H. Mattila ◽  
E. Santala ◽  
J. Aho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Professional Assistance ◽  
The Moment

In Finland the question of appropriate wastewater treatment in rural areas has become very prominent during the last years. The new Environmental Protection Act stipulates that wastewaters must be treated to the extent that they cannot have a negative impact on nature. The Ministry of the Environment is currently preparing a decree specifying the requirements. The draft of the decree proposes that on-site treatment units should decrease the BOD load by 90, total phosphorus load by 85 and total nitrogen load by 40 per cent. To meet the new requirements, the old systems that include septic tanks only need more efficient wastewater treatment methods. Whatever technical solution is selected, the house owner must pay for it. At the moment, even the septic tanks are emptied and maintained irregularly. More sophisticated wastewater treatment methods definitely need more maintenance, which cannot be made the sole duty of the house owners. One potential organisational alternative for managing wastewater treatment in rural areas is the co-operative. Finland has one such pioneering co-operative formed for on-site sanitation. Varsinais-Suomi Water Services Co-operative provides the house owner with professional assistance in wastewater treatment at a reasonable cost. Suvisaari Water Services Co-operative is another new organisation selling sewerage services to its members. But its technology is different: this co-operative operates an LPS-sewerage system instead of on-site treatment.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Moroccan Context

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Meryem Hdidou ◽  
Mohamed Chaker Necibi ◽  
Jérôme Labille ◽  
Souad El Hajjaji ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Different Types

Located in a semi-arid to arid region, Morocco is confronting increasing water scarcity challenges. In the circular economy paradigm, the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is currently considered a possible solution to mitigate water shortage and pollution problems. In recent years, Morocco has made significative progress in urban wastewater treatment under the National Wastewater Program (PNA). However, rural sanitation has undergone significant delays. Therefore, an alternative technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in rural areas is investigated in this review, considering the region’s economic, social, and regulatory characteristics. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a simple, sustainable, and cost-effective technology that has yet to be fully explored in Morocco. CWs, indeed, appear to be suitable for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in remote rural areas if they can produce effluent that meets the standards of agricultural irrigation. In this review, 29 studies covering 16 countries and different types of wastewater were collected and studied to assess the treatment efficiency of different types of CWs under different design and operational parameters, as well as their potential application in agricultural reuse. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of conventional contamination such as organic matter and suspended solids is generally high. CWs also demonstrated a remarkable capacity to remove heavy metals and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, care products, etc. The removal of microbial contamination, on the other hand, is challenging, and does not satisfy the standards all the time. However, it can be improved using hybrid constructed wetlands or by adding polishing treatment. In addition, several studies reported that CWs managed to produce effluent that met the requirements of wastewater reuse in agriculture of different countries or organisations including Morocco.

Sustainable sewage solutions for small agglomerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galvão ◽  
J. Matos ◽  
J. Rodrigues ◽  
P. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In a significant number of European countries, the need for providing appropriate treatment for the effluents of small rural communities is still especially relevant. In fact, in countries like Portugal, Spain, and many others, significant amounts of investment will be addressed in the next few years to the construction of small Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). The problems faced when constructing and operating WWTP serving small communities may be relevant when energy and labour costs are relatively high, or when the visual impact on the surrounding areas is especially negative. Sustainable treatment solutions require the selection of appropriate technologies using fewer resources. In this paper, information is presented about sustainability indicators of twenty-one small secondary wastewater treatment plants, including conventional (trickling filters and extended aeration plants) and non-conventional treatment systems (constructed wetlands). The data refer to allocated areas per inhabitant, amounts of concrete per inhabitant, power per inhabitant, and construction and installation costs per inhabitant. The data seem to show that for different reasons, constructed wetlands are promising treatment solutions for application to rural areas in particular because of the relatively low power requirements and relatively low construction costs for served populations below 500 inhabitants.

Features and Performance of Biological and Ecological Treatment Combination Process for Rural Sanitary Sewage

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1773-1777
Author(s):  
Yue Feng Zhang ◽  
Guang Can Zhu ◽  
Xi Wu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Combination Process ◽  
Ecological Treatment ◽  
And Performance

Rural sanitary pollution has become the major source of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants flowing into China's Taihu Lake region. The treatment process of rural sanitary sewage should be consistent with the economic and social development in rural areas as well as the natural and geographical conditions. Biological and ecological treatment combination processes should include biological treatment unit and ecological processing unit. The biological treatment unit can achieve the degradation of organic matter and the inorganic treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus, while and ecological processing unit functions as the advanced treatment and resource utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. Demonstration projects demonstrate that the combination processes can effectively remove organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, performing with low processing costs, simple operation and maintenance and suitable for application and popularization in rural areas.

The role of plant uptake on the removal of organic matter and nutrients in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: a simulation study

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Langergraber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Plants in constructed wetlands have several functions related to the treatment processes. It is generally agreed that nutrient uptake is a minor factor in constructed wetlands treating wastewater compared to the loadings applied. For low loaded systems plant uptake can contribute a significant amount to nutrient removal. The contribution of plant uptake is simulated for different qualities of water to be treated using the multi-component reactive transport module CW2D. CW2D is able to describe the biochemical elimination and transformation processes for organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The model for plant uptake implemented describes nutrient uptake coupled to water uptake. Literature values are used to calculate potential water and nutrient uptake rates. For a constructed wetland treating municipal wastewater a potential nutrient uptake of about 1.9% of the influent nitrogen and phosphorus load can be expected. For lower loaded systems the potential uptake is significantly higher, e.g. 46% of the nitrogen load for treatment of greywater. The potential uptake rates could only be simulated for high loaded systems i.e. constructed wetlands treating wastewater. For low loaded systems the nutrient concentrations in the liquid phase were too low to simulate the potential uptake rates using the implemented model for plant uptake.

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