Experiences on Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Rural Areas: a Case-Study in Sicily

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Barbagallo ◽  
Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli ◽  
Simona Consoli ◽  
Attilio Toscano ◽  
Santo Marcello Zimbone
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas

scholarly journals Constructed wetlands in Ireland

2011 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Fergus Mc Auliffe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Irish People ◽  
Typical Treatment

In comparison to other European countries, Ireland has a very large rural population. As of 2006, 42% of Irish people lived in rural areas. In cities and towns, wastewater is generally treated by centralised treatment plants. However in rural areas, wastewater from domestic treatment is typically decentralised, i.e., wastewater is treated on-site. The most common method of on-site wastewater treatment is private septic tanks and associated percolation areas. In all, there are 400,000 septic tanks in use around the country. These septic tanks and percolation areas are in various states of maintenance. Often, septic tanks are leaking or incorrectly constructed. Percolation areas are frequently clogged and do not treat the wastewater adequately. Typical treatment efficiencies of this system are of the order of 40% removal of organic matter, and 15% removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Faulty septic tanks and percolation areas are viewed as a major environmental concern by the ...

scholarly journals Potential Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Moroccan Context

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Meryem Hdidou ◽  
Mohamed Chaker Necibi ◽  
Jérôme Labille ◽  
Souad El Hajjaji ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Different Types

Located in a semi-arid to arid region, Morocco is confronting increasing water scarcity challenges. In the circular economy paradigm, the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is currently considered a possible solution to mitigate water shortage and pollution problems. In recent years, Morocco has made significative progress in urban wastewater treatment under the National Wastewater Program (PNA). However, rural sanitation has undergone significant delays. Therefore, an alternative technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in rural areas is investigated in this review, considering the region’s economic, social, and regulatory characteristics. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a simple, sustainable, and cost-effective technology that has yet to be fully explored in Morocco. CWs, indeed, appear to be suitable for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in remote rural areas if they can produce effluent that meets the standards of agricultural irrigation. In this review, 29 studies covering 16 countries and different types of wastewater were collected and studied to assess the treatment efficiency of different types of CWs under different design and operational parameters, as well as their potential application in agricultural reuse. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of conventional contamination such as organic matter and suspended solids is generally high. CWs also demonstrated a remarkable capacity to remove heavy metals and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, care products, etc. The removal of microbial contamination, on the other hand, is challenging, and does not satisfy the standards all the time. However, it can be improved using hybrid constructed wetlands or by adding polishing treatment. In addition, several studies reported that CWs managed to produce effluent that met the requirements of wastewater reuse in agriculture of different countries or organisations including Morocco.

scholarly journals Planning the optimal solution for wastewater management in rural areas - case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka ◽  
Iwona Klosok-Bazan ◽  
Andrea G. Capodaglio ◽  
Joanna Ploskonka
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Water management and associated wastewater management is an inseparable element of life and development of modern societies. Collection and treatment of wastewater has a significant impact on the environment and economy, both at the local and global level. It is therefore necessary to proceed to activities that ensure proper wastewater management, especially in rural and low-density areas, where it is necessary to search for optimal solutions with regard to sewage systems, including wastewater treatment plants. One of the solution for wastewater treatment from houses without access to sewerage collection system is the construction of on-site wastewater treatment plants. Construction of on-site wastewater treatment plant poses a number of challenges for municipalities and potential investors and has been discussed by many. Aim of this paper is to draw the current status and perspectives of on-site wastewater treatment systems in Poland, with focus on selected case study from rural areas. The paper presents a way to solve the problem of wastewater management in the municipality of Pietrowice Wielkie using local biological wastewater treatment plants. The article presents technological, technical and economical aspects of the above-mentioned solutions and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the system proposed by the municipality.

Sustainable sewage solutions for small agglomerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galvão ◽  
J. Matos ◽  
J. Rodrigues ◽  
P. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In a significant number of European countries, the need for providing appropriate treatment for the effluents of small rural communities is still especially relevant. In fact, in countries like Portugal, Spain, and many others, significant amounts of investment will be addressed in the next few years to the construction of small Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). The problems faced when constructing and operating WWTP serving small communities may be relevant when energy and labour costs are relatively high, or when the visual impact on the surrounding areas is especially negative. Sustainable treatment solutions require the selection of appropriate technologies using fewer resources. In this paper, information is presented about sustainability indicators of twenty-one small secondary wastewater treatment plants, including conventional (trickling filters and extended aeration plants) and non-conventional treatment systems (constructed wetlands). The data refer to allocated areas per inhabitant, amounts of concrete per inhabitant, power per inhabitant, and construction and installation costs per inhabitant. The data seem to show that for different reasons, constructed wetlands are promising treatment solutions for application to rural areas in particular because of the relatively low power requirements and relatively low construction costs for served populations below 500 inhabitants.

Life cycle assessment of integrated wastewater treatment systems with constructed wetlands in rural areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Lutterbeck ◽  
Lourdes T. Kist ◽  
Diosnel R. Lopez ◽  
Filipe V. Zerwes ◽  
Ênio L. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

scholarly journals Constructed wetlands and solar-driven disinfection technologies for sustainable wastewater treatment and reclamation in rural India: SWINGS project

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Álvarez ◽  
C. Ávila ◽  
P. Otter ◽  
R. Kilian ◽  
D. Istenič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Disinfection Unit

SWINGS was a cooperation project between the European Union and India, aiming at implementing state of the art low-cost technologies for the treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater in rural areas of India. The largest wastewater treatment plant consists of a high-rate anaerobic system, followed by vertical and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with a treatment area of around 1,900 m2 and a final step consisting of solar-driven anodic oxidation (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection units allowing direct reuse of the treated water. The implementation and operation of two pilot plants in north (Aligarh Muslim University, AMU) and central India (Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, IGNTU) are shown in this study. The overall performance of AMU pilot plant during the first 7 months of operation showed organic matter removal efficiencies of 87% total suspended solids, 95% 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and 90% chemical oxygen demand, while Kjeldahl nitrogen removal reached 89%. The UV disinfection unit produces water for irrigation and toilet flushing with pathogenic indicator bacteria well below WHO guidelines. On the other hand, the AO disinfection unit implemented at IGNTU and operated for almost a year has been shown to produce an effluent of sufficient quality to be reused by the local population for agriculture and irrigation.

Constructed wetlands: a solution to water quality issues in Mexico?

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. García-García ◽  
L. Ruelas-Monjardín ◽  
J. L. Marín-Muñíz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Historically, water sanitation has not been a priority for any sector of society in Mexico, and substantial technical and ecological problems exist in this country's wastewater treatment systems. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have proven to be an exceptional alternative, particularly for rural areas in developing countries. This paper identifies the status of research on CWs in Mexico, and discusses the possibilities for their use. Our review showed that interest in CWs in Mexico is growing exponentially, particularly in academic institutions. Consequently, published documents are mostly on experimental wetlands, although there are a few experienced groups devoted to producing technology and providing training needed to apply CWs. CWs are generally used for domestic wastewater treatment, disregarding other pollution sources such as agriculture and industry. Rural communities have the most potential to obtain and apply this technology, but unfortunately their degree of use of these systems is still very low. The current status of research and application of CWs leads to a few options discussed in this paper to promote their use in Mexico, taking into account that the success of these alternatives can only be achieved by partnering with governments, water treatment companies, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and rural communities.

Free water surface constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment: A tropical case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. S. N. Jinadasa ◽  
N. Tanaka ◽  
M. I. M. Mowjood ◽  
D. R. I. B. Werellagama
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Free Water Surface ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment
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