scholarly journals Effects of deep diving on the trachea of the leatherback turtle

2010 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Colm Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Leatherback Turtles ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Term Objective

This work is concerned with the effects of deep sea diving on the trachea (airway passage) of the leatherback turtle. Leatherback turtles are capable of diving to depths greater than 1,200 meters. Humans, in comparison, may only reach depths of around 30 meters unaided. It is believed that the response of the trachea along with its material properties plays a leading role in determining the depth that can be attained during a dive. The long term objective of this research is to investigate the response of the trachea of the leatherback turtle during deep dives (300-1250m). Questions remain as to the material properties from which the trachea is composed of and how exactly does the trachea respond as it undergoes a deep dive. Answering these questions will help not only to build a complete understanding of the leatherback’s ability to dive to depths greater than 1,000m, but will also inform ...

scholarly journals Breath-Hold Diving – The Physiology of Diving Deep and Returning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Patrician ◽  
Željko Dujić ◽  
Boris Spajić ◽  
Ivan Drviš ◽  
Philip N. Ainslie
Keyword(s):  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Pulmonary Barotrauma ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Integrative Physiology ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Extreme Responses

Breath-hold diving involves highly integrative physiology and extreme responses to both exercise and asphyxia during progressive elevations in hydrostatic pressure. With astonishing depth records exceeding 100 m, and up to 214 m on a single breath, the human capacity for deep breath-hold diving continues to refute expectations. The physiological challenges and responses occurring during a deep dive highlight the coordinated interplay of oxygen conservation, exercise economy, and hyperbaric management. In this review, the physiology of deep diving is portrayed as it occurs across the phases of a dive: the first 20 m; passive descent; maximal depth; ascent; last 10 m, and surfacing. The acute risks of diving (i.e., pulmonary barotrauma, nitrogen narcosis, and decompression sickness) and the potential long-term medical consequences to breath-hold diving are summarized, and an emphasis on future areas of research of this unique field of physiological adaptation are provided.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

scholarly journals Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

scholarly journals Long term monitoring of the optical background in the Capo Passero deep-sea site with the NEMO tower prototype

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adrián-Martínez ◽  
S. Aiello ◽  
F. Ameli ◽  
M. Anghinolfi ◽  
M. Ardid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Optical Background ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

AVALIAÇÃO DA RELAÇÃO DO NÚMERO DE SINTOMÁTICOS RESPIRATÓRIOS E OS CASOS CONFIRMADOS DE TUBERCULOSE EM PALMAS-TO NO PERÍODO DE 2015-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Robson de Sousa ◽  
Maria do Socorro Rocha Sarmento Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Activity ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Keywords Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Term Objective

RESUMO Estratégia usada internacionalmente a busca ativa de sintomáticos respiratórios permite identificar precocemente pessoas com tosse por tempo igual ou superior a três semanas consideradas com suspeita de tuberculose pulmonar visando à descoberta dos casos bacilíferos. É uma atividade de saúde pública e deve ser realizada por todos os serviços de saúde de forma permanente. Com o objetivo de identificar os casos, interromper a cadeia de transmissão e reduzir a incidência da doença a longo prazo.  Objetivo: Conhecer os números de casos notificados de tuberculose e realizar um comparativo com os indicadores de sintomático respiratório no município de Palmas/TO entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Método: O estudo é do tipo descritivo, de corte transversal e documental direta. Conclusão: Verifica-se que o número confirmado de TB da pesquisa do SR tanto para o ano de 2015 quanto para o ano de 2016 está muito aquém dos casos novos notificados, foi possível perceber a descontinuidade dos pacientes que são encaminhados para avaliação e que não há segmentos principalmente em relação ao resultado dos exames.   Palavras-chave: Tuberculose. Vigilância Epidemiológica. Organização Mundial da Saúde. ABSTRACT A strategy used internationally for the active search of respiratory symptomatic patients allows early identification of people with cough for a time equal to or greater than three weeks considered with suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis in order to discover the bacilliferous cases. It is a public health activity and must be performed by all health services on an ongoing basis. In order to identify the cases, interrupt the transmission chain and reduce the incidence of the disease in the long term. Objective: To know the numbers of reported cases of tuberculosis and to carry out a comparison with the indicators of respiratory symptomatology in the municipality of Palmas / TO between the years 2015 and 2016. Method: The study is descriptive, cross-sectional and direct documentary. Conclusion: It is verified that the confirmed number of TB of the RS research for both the year 2015 and the year 2016 is well below the new cases reported, it was possible to perceive the discontinuity of the patients that are referred for evaluation and which are not mainly related to the results of the exams. Keywords: Tuberculosis. Epidemiological surveillance. World Health Organization.

Assessment as Learning in Medical Education: Feasibility and perceived impact of student-generated formative assessments (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITU LAKHTAKIA ◽  
Farah Otaki ◽  
Laila Alsuwaidi ◽  
Nabil Zary
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Peer Collaboration ◽  
Formative Assessments ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Assessment As Learning

BACKGROUND Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a vital competency, desirable to sustain lifelong learning in health professions education. Contemporary education practices emphasize this aspect of undergraduate medical education through innovative designs of teaching and learning like the flipped classroom and team-based learning. Assessment as learning (AaL) can be a unique way to inculcate SRL through active learning habits. It charges the student to create formative assessments reinforcing student-centered deep learning, and critical thinking. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore, from the learners’ perspective, the feasibility and perceived learning impact of student generated formative assessments. METHODS The study relied on a convergent mixed methods approach to research. An educational intervention was deployed on a cohort of students in the second year of a six-year undergraduate medical program as part of a single course curriculum delivery. This AaL intervention engaged students in generating assessments using peer-collaboration, tutor facilitation, and feedback. Quantitative and qualitative data of student perceptions were collected through a survey. Quantitative survey data was analysed using SPSS. Qualitative inputs underwent thematic analysis. RESULTS Students’ overall score of satisfaction with the AaL educational intervention was 84%. On quantitative analysis, this was strongly correlated with scores for ease and impact on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis, included: prominent characteristics, immediate gains, and expected long-term benefits of their engagement. The prominent characteristics included individuals’ engagement, effective interdependencies, novelty, and time requirement. The identified immediate gains highlighted increased motivation, and acquisition of knowledge and skills. The expected long-term benefits, included critical thinking and problem solving, and clinical reasoning. CONCLUSIONS As a form of AaL, student-generated assessments were perceived as viable, constructive, and a stimulating educational exercise by the student-authors. In the short term, the activity provided students a fun, challenging opportunity to deep dive into the content, be creative in designing questions, and improve exam-taking skills. In the long-term students expected an enhancement of critical thinking, and inculcation of student-centred attributes of self-regulated lifelong learning and peer collaboration, vital to the practice of medicine.

Rational Design of Organic Electro-Optic Materials

2001 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Jen ◽  
Robert Neilsen ◽  
Bruce Robinson ◽  
William H. Steier ◽  
Larry Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Optical Loss ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Lattice Hardening

ABSTRACTA number of material properties must be optimized before organic electro-optic materials can be used for practical device applications. These include electro-optic activity, optical transparency, and stability including both thermal and photochemical stability. Exploiting an improved understanding of the structure/function relationships, we have recently prepared materials exhibiting electro-optic coefficients of greater than 50 pm/V and optical loss values of less than 0.7 dB/cm at the telecommunication wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 microns. When oxygen is excluded to a reasonable extent, long-term photostability to optical power levels of 20 mW has been observed. Photostability is further improved by addition of scavengers and by lattice hardening. Long-term (greater than 1000 hours) thermal stability of poling-induced electro-optic activity is also observed at elevated temperatures (greater than 80°C) when appropriate lattice hardening is used. The successful improvement of organic electro-optic materials rests upon (1) attention to the design of chromophore structure including design to inhibit unwanted intermolecular electrostatic interactions and to improve chromophore instability and (2) attention to processing conditions including those involved in spin casting, electric field poling, and lattice hardening. A particularly attractive new direction has been the exploitation of dendrimer structures and particularly of multi-chromophore containing dendrimer structures. This approach has permitted the simultaneous improvement of all material properties. Development of new materials has facilitated the fabrication of a number of prototype devices and most recently has permitted investigation of the incorporation of electro-optic materials into photonic bandgap and microresonator structures. The latter are relevant to active wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Significant quality factors (greater than 10,000) have been realized for such devices permitting wavelength discrimination at telecommunication wavelengths of 0.01 nm.

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