scholarly journals Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study on the Leaves of Bauhinia Purpurea L. for Antilithiatic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Bauhinia Purpurea ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ethanolic concentrate of Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves on lithiatic action in rat. Twenty four rats were divided into 6 groups comprising four animals per groups. The blood was collected from the retro-orbital sinus; serum was separated by centrifugation and analyzed for creatinine and uric acid. Both kidneys from each animal were removed and sectioned for histopathological examination. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error mean (SEM) and the statistical significance was assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s comparison test and p<0.05 was considered significant. In the present in-vivo study, renal stone inciting treatment to rodents came about in hyper-oxaluria. Ethanolic concentrate of B. purpurea L. was exposed to antilithiatic action in rodents where ethylene glycol 0.75% (v/v) utilized as the causing lithiasis specialist. Ethanolic concentrate of B. purpurea (at 100 and 200 mg/kg) showed a portion subordinate noteworthy enemy of lithiatic action on treatment. The concentrate portion of 100 mg/kg likewise caused decrease of Ca, oxalates, P and creatinine in blood serum level the outcomes were found factually noteworthy. The impact of ethanol concentrate of this movement was discovered critical than the reference standard. By and large investigation uncovers that the ethanolic concentrate of B. purpurea L. demonstrates the mellow to direct antilithiatic movement with correlation with cystone.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and Rigor in Animal-Based Research

ILAR Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Macleod ◽  
Swapna Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasing focus on issues of research reproducibility affords us the opportunity to review some of the key issues related in vivo research. First, we set out some key definitions, to guide the reader through the rest of the paper. Next we consider issues of epistemology, of how animal experiments lead to changes in our understanding of biomedicine and, potentially, to the development of new therapeutics. Here we consider the meaning of statistical significance; the importance of understanding whether findings have general truth; and the advances in knowledge which can result from ‘failed’ replication. Then, we consider weaknesses in the design, conduct and reporting of experiments, and review evidence for this from systematic reviews and from experimental studies addressing these issues. We consider the impact that these weaknesses have on the development of new treatments for human disease, and reflect on the response to these issues from the biomedical research community. Finally, we consider strategies for improvement including increased use of brief, pre-registered study protocols; pre-registration, open publication and open data; and the central importance of education in improving research performance.

scholarly journals Respiratory and Systemic Toxicity of Inhaled Artificial Asian Sand Dust in Pigs

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Keon Kim ◽  
Seon-Deuk Kim ◽  
Tae-Hoon Shin ◽  
Chun-Sik Bae ◽  
Taeho Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Asian Sand Dust ◽  
Sand Dust

Air pollution, particularly caused by Asian sand dust (ASD) and particulate matter (PM), has become one of the leading threats to public health. However, the majority of studies have primarily focused on epidemiological assessment, and in vivo toxicities of certain air pollutants have been poorly elucidated in medium/large-size laboratory animals. To investigate the impact of ASD in domestic animals, 16 Landrace pigs were exposed to an artificial ASD sandstorm for 6 h. All animals were divided in four cages, and a commercial yellow soil was used for generating artificial mineralogical particles. Blood samples were collected, and necropsies were performed before exposure and 6, 12, 24, and 72 h after exposure. Complete blood cell count and the levels of serum biochemical enzymes, blood gas, electrolytes, and a variety of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. In addition, histopathological examination was conducted. Various test results proved acute lower airway disorders with systemic inflammation in pigs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe experimental research in domestic animals concerning the damage caused by artificial ASD exposure. The results of this study suggest that ASD has importance in terms of not only public health but also of ultimate economic losses in the pork industry.

Effects of leptin replacement on hypothalamic-pituitary growth hormone axis function and circulating ghrelin levels in ob/ob mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. E891-E899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul M. Luque ◽  
Zhi H. Huang ◽  
Bhumik Shah ◽  
Theodore Mazzone ◽  
Rhonda D. Kineman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
The Impact

Leptin-deficient obese mice ( ob/ob) have decreased circulating growth hormone (GH) and pituitary GH and ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) mRNA levels, whereas hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SST) expression do not differ from lean controls. Given the fact that GH is suppressed in diet-induced obesity (a state of hyperleptinemia), it remains to be determined whether the absence of leptin contributes to changes in the GH axis of ob/ob mice. Therefore, to study the impact of leptin replacement on the hypothalamic-pituitary GH axis of ob/ob mice, leptin was infused for 7 days (sc), resulting in circulating leptin levels that were similar to wild-type controls (∼1 ng/ml). Leptin treatment reduced food intake, body weight, and circulating insulin while elevating circulating n-octanoyl ghrelin concentrations. Leptin treatment did not alter hypothalamic GHRH, SST, or GHS-R mRNA levels compared with vehicle-treated controls. However, leptin significantly increased pituitary GH and GHRH-R expression and tended to enhance circulating GH levels, but this latter effect did not reach statistical significance. In vitro, leptin (1 ng/ml, 24 h) did not affect pituitary GH, GHRH-R, or GHS-R mRNA but did enhance GH release. The in vivo effects of leptin on circulating hormone and pituitary mRNA levels were not replicated by pair feeding ob/ob mice to match the food intake of leptin-treated mice. However, leptin did prevent the fall in hypothalamic GHRH mRNA and circulating IGF-I levels observed in pair-fed mice. These results demonstrate that leptin replacement has positive effects on multiple levels of GH axis function in ob/ob mice.

scholarly journals miRNA-101 Regulates Filamentogenesis During Migration and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Muli Wudu ◽  
Zi-Qi Huang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Abuliaizezi Erken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nude Mouse Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: miRNAs play critical roles in cervical cancer (CC) progression. miRNA-101 is a tumour suppressor in several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effect of miRNA-101 on the biological behaviour of CC cells by analysing the formation of filamentous pseudopodia.Methods: Quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyse miRNA-101 expression in CC cells before and after its transfection. Cell counting kit-8, transwell migration, and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the effect of miRNA-101 on the malignant behaviour of CC cells in vitro. The impact of miRNA-101 on filopodia initiation in CC cells was investigated via scanning electron microscopy and TRITC-labelled phalloidin staining evaluation. In vivo analysis was performed using a nude mouse model of CC, established via subcutaneous tumour transplantation, to validate the role of miRNA-101 on CC malignant behaviour. One-way ANOVA with Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc test and t-test were used to evaluate statistical significance of differences between groups.Results: miRNA-101 was significantly downregulated in CC cell lines. Overexpression of miRNA-101 inhibited the malignant behaviours of CC cells in vitro, while it inhibited the formation of filopodia in CC cells. Similar results were observed using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.Conclusions: These results indicate that miRNA-101 inhibits CC migration and invasion. The present findings, combined with future research, will help provide a theoretical basis and novel insight for the clinical management of CC.

scholarly journals In vivo determination of renal stone composition with dual-energy computed tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Henry Corbett ◽  
Werner S. Harmse
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography

Background: Composition of renal stones influences management of patients with renal stone disease. Currently stone composition can only be analysed ex vivo after stone extraction or passage, but recent introduction of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) to clinical practice has raised interest in the ability of this technology to determine composition of renal stones in vivo.Objectives: To determine renal stone composition in patients using single-source dual-energy rapid-peak kilovolt (kVp) switching CT.Method: Nineteen patients with renal stones for percutaneous nephrolithotomy were evaluated with single-source dual-energy computed tomography on a Discovery CT 750HD. The Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) effective atomic number (Zeff) and attenuation at 70 keV monochromatic energy were used to predict the stone composition. Infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of stones after extraction served as the reference standard.Results: Two (10.5%) of the 19 stones had uric acid as major component. The other 17 (89.5%) were calcium-based stones. No statistically significant difference between the GSI Zeff and calculated effective atomic number (Z) for stone compounds was found. The GSI Zeff and attenuation could differentiate between uric acid and non-uric acid stones. No differentiation between different calcium stones could be made.Conclusion: Uric acid and non-uric acid renal stones can be differentiated with single-source dual-energy in vivo. The GSI Zeff reflects the dominant material in polycrystalline stones.

scholarly journals The impact of Ki-67 index, squamous differentiation and several clinicopathologic parameters on the recurrence of low and intermediate-risk endometrial cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birol Ocak ◽  
Fatma Öz Atalay ◽  
Ahmet Bilgehan Sahin ◽  
Mine Ozsen ◽  
Bahar Dakiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) represents approximately 75–80% of endometrial carcinoma cases. Three hundred thirty-six patients with EEC followed-up in the authors’ medical center between and 2010–2018 were included in our study. Two hundred seventy-two low- and intermediate- EEC patients were identified using the European Society for Medical Oncology criteria and confirmed by histopathological examination. Recurrence was reported in 17 of these patients. The study group consisted of patients with relapse. A control group of 51 patients was formed at a ratio of 3:1 according to age, stage, and grade, similar to that in the study group. Of the 17 patients with recurrent disease, 13 patients (76.5%) were stage 1A, and 4 patients (23.5%) were stage 1B. No significant difference was found in age, stage, and grade between the case and control groups (p>0.05). Body mass index, parity, tumor size, lower uterine segment involvement, SqD, and Ki-67 index with p<0.25 in the univariate logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Ki-67 was statistically significant in multivariate analysis (p=0.018); however, there was no statistical significance in SqD and other parameters. Our data suggest that the Ki-67 index rather than SqD needs to be assessed for recurrence in patients with low- and intermediate-risk EEC.

scholarly journals β-Carotene-Induced Alterations in Haemoglobin Affinity to O2

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Joanna Fiedor ◽  
Mateusz Przetocki ◽  
Aleksander Siniarski ◽  
Grzegorz Gajos ◽  
Nika Spiridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Membrane Skeleton ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

β-Carotene (β-Crt) can be dispersed in hydrophobic regions of the membrane of red blood cells (RBC). Its location, orientation and distribution strongly depend on carotenoid concentration. In the present pilot trial (six human subjects involved), it is demonstrated that incubation of RBCs with β-Crt (1.8 × 107 β-Crt molecules per RBC, 50 μmol/L) results in expansion of the membrane of RBCs and slight elongation of the cell. The changes are of statistical significance, as verified by the Wilcoxon test at p < 0.05. They indicate (i) a highly random orientation and location of β-Crt inside the membrane and (ii) a tendency for its interaction with membrane skeleton proteins. The accompanying effect of decreased RBC resistance to lysis is possibly a result of the incorrect functioning of ion channels due to their modification/disruption. At higher β-Crt concentrations, its clustering inside membranes may occur, leading to further alterations in the shape and size of RBCs, with the most pronounced changes observed at 1.8 × 108 β-Crt molecules per RBC (500 μmol/L). Due to the reduced permeability of ions, such membranes exhibit increased resistance to haemolysis. Finally, we show that interactions of β-Crt with the membrane of RBCs lead to an alteration in haemoglobin-oxygen affinity, shifting the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve toward higher oxygen partial pressures. If the impact of β-Crt on a curve course is confirmed in vivo, one may consider its role in the fine tuning of O2 transportation to tissues. Hence, at low concentrations, providing unchanged elastic and functional properties of RBCs, it could serve as a beneficial agent in optimising heart performance and cardiovascular load.

Experimental Study of the Impact of Alisma plantago-aquatica Secretions on Pathogenic Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyy ◽  
O. Hulay
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Popula Tions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To estimate the impact of in vivo secretions of water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) on the popula- tions of pathogenic bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Methods. The plants were isolated from their natural conditions, the roots were washed from the substrate residues and cultivated in laboratory conditions for 10 days to heal the damage. Then the water was changed; seven days later the selected samples were sterilized using fi lters with 0.2 μm pore diameter. The dilution of water plantain root diffusates in the experimental samples was 1:10–1:10,000. The initial density of E. rhusiopathiae bacteria populations was the same for both experimental and control samples. The estimation of the results was conducted 48 hours later. Results. When the dilution of root diffusates was 1:10, the density of erysipelothrixes in the experimental samples was 11.26 times higher than that of the control, on average, the dilution of 1:100 − 6.16 times higher, 1:1000 – 3.22 times higher, 1:10,000 – 1.81 times higher, respectively. Conclusions. The plants of A. plantago-aquatica species are capable of affecting the populations of E. rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria via the secretion of biologically active substances into the environment. The consequences of this interaction are positive for the abovementioned bacteria, which is demon- strated by the increase in the density of their populations in the experiment compared to the control. The intensity of the stimulating effect on the populations of E. rhusiopathiae in the root diffusates of A. plantago-aquatica is re- ciprocally dependent on the degree of their dilution. The investigated impact of water plantain on erysipelothrixes should be related to the topical type of biocenotic connections, the formation of which between the test species in the ecosystems might promote maintaining the potential of natural focus of rabies. Keywords: Alisma plantago-aquatica, in vivo secretions, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, population density, topical type of connections.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Diabetes and Multivessel or Left Main Disease – a Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Donald E Cutlip ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bare Metal Stents ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes is frequently a diffuse process with multivessel involvement and is associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction and death. The role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with diabetes and multivessel disease who require revascularisation has been debated and remains uncertain. The debate has been continued mainly because of the question to what degree an increased risk for in-stent restenosis among patients with diabetes contributes to other late adverse outcomes. This article reviews outcomes from early trials of balloon angioplasty versus CABG through later trials of bare-metal stents versus CABG and more recent data with drug-eluting stents as the comparator. Although not all studies have been powered to show statistical significance, the results have been generally consistent with a mortality benefit for CABG versus PCI, despite differential risks for restenosis with the various PCI approaches. The review also considers the impact of mammary artery grafting of the left anterior descending artery and individual case selection on these results, and proposes an algorithm for selection of patients in whom PCI remains a reasonable strategy.

Study Upon the Serum Level of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066
Author(s):  
Maria Rada ◽  
Delia Berceanu-Vaduva ◽  
Milan Velimirovici ◽  
Simona Dragan ◽  
Daniel Duda-Seiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

The serum level of uric acid (UA) appears to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, direct association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum levels of UA and the components that define MetS, differentiated by gender. 262 patients were enrolled (132 women and 130 men); mean value of the age: 58.7�16 year. Hyperuricemia was considered when the level of serum UA �7mg/dL in men, and � 6mg/dL in women; MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS in the studied group was 35.11% and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.79%. Men with hyperuricemia had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.5% vs. 66.32%, p [0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (65.62% vs. 45.91%, p [ 0.001) versus men with normal level of serum UA. Women with hyperuricemia also had a significantly higher incidence of abdominal obesity (75% vs. 57.51%, p [0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (58.33% vs. 38.33%, p [0.001), decreased HDL (50% vs. 33.33%, p [0.001) and hyperglycemia (66.66% versus 50%, p [0.001) compared to those with normal levels of serum UA. The majority of men with hyperuricemia have more than 4 of the MetS components. Hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence in patients with MetS, it may be considered as a causal factor of MetS. Elevated levels of serum uric acid were significantly more associated with the increasing number of MetS components. Early detection and treatment of hyperuricemia is essential for preventing the metabolic syndrome and its complications.

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