scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy and Central Corneal Thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Mean

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can lead to many ocular complications such as increased Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the CCT between subjects with type I and type II diabetes. Method: This was a retrospective study which included subjects with diabetes (with and without Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)) aged between 18 to 80 years old. The data collected were type and duration of diabetes mellitus, diabetes treatment, glycated hemoglobin level, visual acuity, CCT, and intra ocular pressure. Subjects were divided into subgroup (with and without DR). Statistical program (SPSS) was used to compare the central corneal thickness between the groups. Result: A total of 205 subjects with type I (n=100) and type II (n=105) diabetes were included in this study. In type 1 DM, the mean CCT was 547.06±27.3 microns in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 533.85±26.8 microns in patients without DR. In type 2 DM, the mean CCT was 542.85±39.3 microns in patients with DR and 532.44±27.4 microns in patients without DR. The CCT in type 1 diabetic patients was higher in both groups (with and without DR) than the CCT in type 2 diabetic patients in both groups (with and without DR). However, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The type of diabetes mellitus did not affect CCT. The presence of diabetic retinopathy in either type I or type II diabetes mellitus can affect the measurements of CCT.

scholarly journals Is the central corneal thickness of diabetic patients thicker than that of non-diabetics’ eyes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solani D. Mathebula ◽  
Tshegofatso M. Segoati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study was to evaluate central corneal thickness in diabetic patients and to compare the results with controls without diabetes mellitus. Sixty-five diabetic patients (65 eyes) constituted the study group, and 50 eyes were from the healthy control group (50 non-diabetic patients). The study group was subdivided into group 1 (no diabetic retinopathy, n = 35), group 2 (mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 20), and group 3 (proliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 10). Central corneal thickness measurements in microns were determined using ultrasound pachymetry. The mean central corneal thickness was significantly greater in the study group (567.14 μm ± 14.63 μm) than in the control group (531.14 μm ± 5 μm). In addition, the mean central corneal thickness was found to be greater in group 3 (577 μm ± 12 μm) than in groups 1 (562 μm ± 13 μm) and 2 (566.86 μm ± 15 μm), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. We found that the mean central corneal thickness for diabetic patients was thicker than that of the healthy controls. Thicker central corneas associated with diabetes mellitus should be taken into consideration when obtaining accurate intraocular pressure measurements in diabetics.

Relationship of Central Corneal Thickness with the Status of Diabetic Retinopathy and Level of HbA1C in Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3387-3389
Author(s):  
Iftikhar , Ahmad ◽  
Fatima Akbar Shah ◽  
Muhammad Abid Javed ◽  
Muhammad Ahsen ◽  
Hafiz Huzaifa Akhlaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Study Objectives: To determine the relationship of central corneal thickness with the status of diabetic retinopathy and level of HbA1c in diabetic patients. Study Design and Settings: Department of Ophthalmology, Allied Hospital/DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad Pakistan from Jan 2021 to June 2021. Patients and Methods: Out of the patients visiting OPD, 100 patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 DM which satisfied the range of selected standards and offered written informed agreement were involved in the research with the use of simple random sampling. Snellen’s visual acuity chart for distance vision and Jaeger’s chart for near vision were used to determine the best-corrected visual acuity. Wet Refraction and axial length was measured using A-scan. Goldmann applanation tonometry was used to measure the intraocular pressure. Results of the Study: In this research sixty two percent of the patients were men and thirty eight percent patients were women. Total 84 patients had type 2 DM of duration 5-10 years, and the remaining 16 patients had diabetes for over 10 years. Total 35 patients had HbA1c between 4-5.6%, 31 patients had HbA1c between 5.7- 6.5% and 34 patients had HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. From 100 patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, 21 patients had no diabetic retinopathy, 28 patients had very minor and minor NPDR, 25 patients had average NPDR, 19 patients had critical and very acute NPDR and 7 patients had PDR. The mean HbA1c in patients with no diabetic retinopathy was 5.05%. The mean HbA1c in patients having minor and very little NPDR remained 5.64%. The mean HbA1c in patients with moderate NPDR was 6.36%. The mean HbA1c in patients with critical and very acute NPDR was 8.26%. The mean HbA1c in patients with severe PDR was 9.86%. This was a statistically significant survey (P-value = 0.01). Conclusion: This study showed a strong correlation between the central corneal thickness to the severity of diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c levels emphasizes the importance of evaluation of corneal endothelial morphology in the early screening and diagnosis of microvascular complications of DM Keywords: Central Corneal Thickness, Diabetic Retinopathy, HbA1c

scholarly journals Central corneal thickness in type II diabetes mellitus: is it relatedto the severity of diabetic retinopathy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan TOYGAR ◽  
Selçuk SIZMAZ ◽  
Aysel PELİT ◽  
Baha TOYGAR ◽  
Özge YABAŞ KIZILOĞLU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dagogo-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Risk Of Death

The long-term complications of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy can result in loss of vision; nephropathy may lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); and neuropathy poses the risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, sexual dysfunction, and potentially disabling dysfunction of the stomach, bowel, and bladder. Hyperglycemia sufficient to cause pathologic and functional changes in target tissues may be present for some time before clinical symptoms lead to a diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients are also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease. These conditions may be related to hyperglycemia, as well as to the hypertension and abnormal lipoprotein profiles that are often found in diabetic patients. Prevention of these complications is a major goal of current therapeutic policy and recommendations for all but transient forms of diabetes. This chapter describes the pathogenesis, screening, prevention, and treatment of diabetic complications, as well as the management of hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient. Figures illustrate the pathways that link high blood glucose levels to microvascular and macrovascular complications; fundus abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy; the natural history of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes; cumulative incidence of first cardiovascular events, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes; the effect of intensive glycemic therapy on the risk of myocardial infarction, major cardiovascular event, or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes; and risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes who receive intensive therapy of multiple risk factors or conventional therapy. Tables describe screening schedules for diabetic complications in adults, foot care recommendations for patients with diabetes, and comparison of major trials of intensive glucose control. This chapter has 238 references.

A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Barnali Bhattacharyya Thakur ◽  
Keshab Bora ◽  
Sherin Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with signicant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus causing blindness. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin involved in maintenance of mineral homeostasis and bone remodelling. Vitamin D deciency is highly prevalent in type I and type II Diabetes. 38 diabetic without ocular disease a METHOD: nd 30 diabetic with retinopathy were taken as cases and 38 age sex matched healthy persons were taken as controls. Serum Vit D and glucose were estimated and retinopathy was diagnosed by fundus examination. The results were statistically analysed. Statistica RESULTS: l analysis of the results shows a negative correlation between FBS and HbA1C with Vitamin D level in diabetic retinopathy patients. Patients CONCLUSION: with Diabetic retinopathy has lower serum Vitamin D level than diabetic patients without retinopathy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Corneal Endothelium in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Urban ◽  
Dorota Raczyńska ◽  
Alina Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk ◽  
Krystyna Raczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Krętowska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate the systemic and local factors that contribute to the damage of endothelial cells in diabetic patients and to compare the endothelial structure of the cornea in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.Materials and Methods. The endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were investigated in 123 eyes of type 1 diabetic patients and in 124 eyes of nondiabetic patients. The mean diabetic patients age was 15.34 ± 3.06 years versus 14.58 ± 2.01 years in the control group. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.02 ± 3.9 years. The corneal endothelium was imaged by the Topcon SP-2000P.Results. The mean ECD in diabetic eyes was 2435.55 ± 443.43 cells/mm2and was significantly lower than in control group (2970.75 ± 270.1 cells/mm2). The mean CCT was 0.55 ± 0.03 mm in diabetic group versus 0.53 ± 0.033 mm in control group. ECD and CCT significantly correlated only with duration of diabetes. There was no correlation between ECD and CCT and patient age, sex, HbA1C level, and plasma creatinine level.Conclusions. ECD is decreased and CCT is increased in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. Duration of diabetes is the factor that affects ECD and CCT.

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus at Puducherry, India: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
K. Shaik Anwar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Background: There is a complex interrelationship in the co-existence of thyroid dysfunction among diabetic patients and may be related to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other complications of long term metabolic derangements. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction varies from 10 to 24% among diabetic patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the patients with diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital at Puducherry, India.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted during June 2018 analysing the records of diabetes patients attending to the diabetes OPD, Department of General Medicine in the past one year and their association with thyroid dysfunction was studied.Results: Among the study participants (n=200), 14.5% (n=29) were Type I diabetics and 85.5% (n=171) were type II Diabetes patients. The prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction (TD) among the study participants was 28.5% (n=57). The proportion of TD was higher among type 1 DM compared to type 2 (p<0.001).  The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was more (n=7, 24.1%) among type 1DM compared to type II DM patients (p=0.05).Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of TD among the diabetics. TD was more frequent among type 1 DM compared to Type 2 DM patients and the most frequent TD associated with diabetes was subclinical hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Estimation of Prevalence of Dry Eye, and Ocular Surface Changes, in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus, in Vijaypur District, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 2559-2564
Author(s):  
Anand Gurabasappa Gannur ◽  
Madhu Guranna Patil ◽  
Prabhugouda Basangouda Lingadalli ◽  
Zameer Hassan Golewale
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Surface Changes

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a number of ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, cataract, refractory deviations, oculomotor nerve palsy etc. Recently, problems involving the ocular surface, dryness in particular, have been reported with dry eye symptoms, indicating a clear role for tear film abnormalities. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of dry eye and dry eye related ocular surface changes in diabetic patients, and to study the association between diabetic dry eyes and its relation to age, sex, glycemic control, duration of disease and diabetic retinopathy METHODS A hospital based clinical study of 100 diabetic patients who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology, Al Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Vijayapur from November 2019 to November 2020 was conducted. Detailed history was recorded. Assessment of anterior segment via slit lamp biomicroscopy was done. The examinations for dry eyes included Schirmer's test, tear break-up time, fluorescein and rose bengal staining and a questionnaire. The retinopathy was examined by ophthalmoscopy and was recorded. RESULTS Of the 100 diabetic patients, 2 (2 %) were type I and 98 (98 %) were type II diabetes. The mean age of type I group was 30 ± 0 years and 57.55 ± 27.07 years in type II group. 50 % were males in type I group, and 51.47 % in type II. Fifty nine (59 %) patients had dry eye. The prevalence in type I was 100 % and in type II was 58.16 %. Dry eye prevalence was maximum in those between 51 to 60 years of age (55.77 %). A 2.65 fold increase was found in the odds for dry eye in those with > 5 years of diabetic duration. The association of dry eye among uncontrolled was statistically highly significant with P value less than 0.001. The tear break up time was found to be ≤ 10 sec in 26 % (26/100). Schirmers test was found to be ≤ 10 mm in 27 % (27/100). Stains (Rose Bengal and fluorescein stain) were found to be abnormal in 18 %. Retinopathy was seen in 100 % of type I and 9.18 % of type II group. Statistically highly significant association was found between retinopathy and dry eyes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and dry eye appears to have common association. Highly significant statistical correlation was found between retinopathy and dry eyes. Examination for dry eyes should be an integral part of the assessment of diabetic eye disease. KEY WORDS Diabetes, Dry Eye, Diabetic Retinopathy

scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Profile of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Patients with Diabetic Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Friday K Iweka ◽  
Godwin RA Okogun ◽  
Ebenezer O Dic-Ijiewere ◽  
Lawrence F Dada ◽  
Iredia K Akhuemokhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyroid Profile

This study was undertaken to assess the thyroid profile of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and patients with some associated complications in the Edo state, Nigeria. Blood samples from 267 subjects, consisting of 164 diabetic patients (24 type 1 DM and 140 type 2 DM) and 103 nondiabetic apparently healthy individuals (as controls), were analyzed. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were determined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). From the result obtained, the T3 level was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic-nephropathy (D-NEPHR) patients than the control subjects, while the TSH and T4 levels of D-NEPHR were insignificantly (p > 0.05) higher than those of the control group. The mean TSH level was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control group, while the plasma T3 level was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control group. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean value of T4 of diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control subjects. The mean plasma T3 and T4 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic neuropathy (D-NEUR) patients than those of control subjects. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the mean plasma TSH level of D-NEUR patients when compared with those of control subjects. The mean plasma T3and T4 levels of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (DM-CHD) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of control subjects while the mean plasma TSH level of DM-CHD was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control subjects. No significant (p > 0.05) difference in the mean plasma TSH, T4, and T3 levels of diabetic retinopathy subjects when compared with those of control subjects was obtained.

scholarly journals Assessment of plasma insulin, c-peptide, and blood pressure parameters of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1635-1638
Author(s):  
Friday K. Iweka ◽  
Godwin R.A. Okogun ◽  
Ebenezer O. Dic-Ijiewere ◽  
Lawrence F. Dada ◽  
Iredia K. Akhuemokhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Regardless of the type of diabetes mellitus, there is always a Beta-cell dysfunction leading to absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes mellitus or associated with insulin resistance in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total of 267 subjects consisting of 164 diabetic patients and 103 non-diabetic apparently healthy individuals were analysed. The plasma insulin and c-peptides levels were determined using enzyme link immunosorbent assay, while plasma glucose level was determined using standard spectrophotometric method. Results: The biochemical results showed that the mean plasma glucose of Type 1 diabetes (213.65±20.35) and Type 2 diabetes (218.78+7.85) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of non-diabetic control (81.88±17.22) mg/dl; the mean plasma glucose and the systolic reading of the Diabetes Mellitus with Nephropathy, hypertension, coronary artery disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy patients were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control subjects. Among diabetic hypertensive patients mean insulin and c-peptide levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower, while the mean insulin level was insignificantly (p>0.05) lower in diabetic patients with neuropathy or coronary artery disease. No significant (p>0.05) differences was observed in the mean plasma c-peptide level, and diastolic reading of diabetic patient with neuropathy. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the mean plasma c-peptide level, systolic and diastolic readings of Diabetic patients with coronary heart disease or retinopathy. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the blood pressure parameters in both the diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications in this study.  

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