scholarly journals Estimation of Prevalence of Dry Eye, and Ocular Surface Changes, in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus, in Vijaypur District, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 2559-2564
Author(s):  
Anand Gurabasappa Gannur ◽  
Madhu Guranna Patil ◽  
Prabhugouda Basangouda Lingadalli ◽  
Zameer Hassan Golewale
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Surface Changes

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a number of ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, cataract, refractory deviations, oculomotor nerve palsy etc. Recently, problems involving the ocular surface, dryness in particular, have been reported with dry eye symptoms, indicating a clear role for tear film abnormalities. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of dry eye and dry eye related ocular surface changes in diabetic patients, and to study the association between diabetic dry eyes and its relation to age, sex, glycemic control, duration of disease and diabetic retinopathy METHODS A hospital based clinical study of 100 diabetic patients who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology, Al Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Vijayapur from November 2019 to November 2020 was conducted. Detailed history was recorded. Assessment of anterior segment via slit lamp biomicroscopy was done. The examinations for dry eyes included Schirmer's test, tear break-up time, fluorescein and rose bengal staining and a questionnaire. The retinopathy was examined by ophthalmoscopy and was recorded. RESULTS Of the 100 diabetic patients, 2 (2 %) were type I and 98 (98 %) were type II diabetes. The mean age of type I group was 30 ± 0 years and 57.55 ± 27.07 years in type II group. 50 % were males in type I group, and 51.47 % in type II. Fifty nine (59 %) patients had dry eye. The prevalence in type I was 100 % and in type II was 58.16 %. Dry eye prevalence was maximum in those between 51 to 60 years of age (55.77 %). A 2.65 fold increase was found in the odds for dry eye in those with > 5 years of diabetic duration. The association of dry eye among uncontrolled was statistically highly significant with P value less than 0.001. The tear break up time was found to be ≤ 10 sec in 26 % (26/100). Schirmers test was found to be ≤ 10 mm in 27 % (27/100). Stains (Rose Bengal and fluorescein stain) were found to be abnormal in 18 %. Retinopathy was seen in 100 % of type I and 9.18 % of type II group. Statistically highly significant association was found between retinopathy and dry eyes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and dry eye appears to have common association. Highly significant statistical correlation was found between retinopathy and dry eyes. Examination for dry eyes should be an integral part of the assessment of diabetic eye disease. KEY WORDS Diabetes, Dry Eye, Diabetic Retinopathy

A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Barnali Bhattacharyya Thakur ◽  
Keshab Bora ◽  
Sherin Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with signicant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus causing blindness. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin involved in maintenance of mineral homeostasis and bone remodelling. Vitamin D deciency is highly prevalent in type I and type II Diabetes. 38 diabetic without ocular disease a METHOD: nd 30 diabetic with retinopathy were taken as cases and 38 age sex matched healthy persons were taken as controls. Serum Vit D and glucose were estimated and retinopathy was diagnosed by fundus examination. The results were statistically analysed. Statistica RESULTS: l analysis of the results shows a negative correlation between FBS and HbA1C with Vitamin D level in diabetic retinopathy patients. Patients CONCLUSION: with Diabetic retinopathy has lower serum Vitamin D level than diabetic patients without retinopathy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in type-2 diabetic patients in tertiary care hospital kurnool

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 955-958
Author(s):  
Pushpa Latha M ◽  
◽  
Radhika R ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Type Ii

Introduction: The examination of dry eyes should be an integral part of the assessment of diabetic eye disease. So, this study is undertaken to study the prevalence of dry eye syndrome in type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This hospital based Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with 100 patients with type II diabetes and 100 matched controls patients who were attending the Ophthalmology Department in Viswabharthi medical college Kurnool by Simple random sampling method. The data collected and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 version software for analysis. Results: The mean age of diabetics with dry eye was 56.49±9.32 years. As the age increased, the occurrence of dry eye also increased significantly. 30-40yrs age group are having 2 (33.33%) patients, 41-50 yrs age group are having 16 (59.26%) patients, 51-60 yrs age group are having 19 (57.58%) and above 60 years age group are having 20 (58.83%) patients are having dry eye, out of this 64.7% also had retinopathy of some degree. With increasing age, the number of patients with diabetic retinopathy also increased significantly. Conclusion: The dry eye is a significant factor responsible for ocular surface disease in diabetics, these complications high in advanced diabetic retinopathy. High prevalence could be attributed to reduced tear secretion in DM patients caused by autonomic dysfunction in these patients. Hence our study insists that clinical evaluation of dry eye should be an integral part of ocular examination in diabetic patients. KEY WORDS: Dry eye, ocular surface disease index, Retinopathy, Schirmer, Tearfilm breakup time.

scholarly journals Tear Film Changes in Type II Diabetes Mellitus with and without Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Sethia ◽  
Jeet Patel ◽  
Nirathya Anisha Pothuri ◽  
Shail Shah ◽  
Jay Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology

Introduction: With the substantial progress in understanding of the ocular surface system in the past decade, Dry Eye Disease (DED) is the more commonly encountered condition in diabetes. Diabetes and DED have a common association. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of dry eye in diabetic patient and tear film changes with Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Materials and Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study, in which 103 type II diabetic patients attending the Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Hospital were enrolled, out of which 43 patients had DR and 60 patients had no DR. Dry eye evaluation was done using Ocular Surface Disease Indexing (OSDI) questionnaire and was confirmed objectively using Schirmer’s I and II test and Tear film Break Up Time (TBUT). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for statistical analysis of this study data. All quantitative data were analysed by using parametric test whereas all qualitative data were analysed by using non-parametric test to find significance level and the p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In present study, 68 among 103 diabetics patients had DED with the prevalence of 66% based on OSDI scoring. Out of the 43 patients with DR and 60 without DR, DED was encountered in 38 and 30 patients, respectively. DED status was not influenced by gender, age and duration of diabetes. An increase in DED was seen with higher HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin) values but was not significant. DED in DR group yielded a significant association with OSDI (p=0.002), Schirmer’s I and II (p=0.001) and TBUT (p=0.046). Conclusion: On the basis of present study, it can be stated that the prevalence of dry eye was more in DR patients in comparison to those without retinopathy. Therefore, all diabetic patients should be screened for dry eye, in order to diagnose and treat it at the earliest.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy and Central Corneal Thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Mean

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can lead to many ocular complications such as increased Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the CCT between subjects with type I and type II diabetes. Method: This was a retrospective study which included subjects with diabetes (with and without Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)) aged between 18 to 80 years old. The data collected were type and duration of diabetes mellitus, diabetes treatment, glycated hemoglobin level, visual acuity, CCT, and intra ocular pressure. Subjects were divided into subgroup (with and without DR). Statistical program (SPSS) was used to compare the central corneal thickness between the groups. Result: A total of 205 subjects with type I (n=100) and type II (n=105) diabetes were included in this study. In type 1 DM, the mean CCT was 547.06±27.3 microns in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 533.85±26.8 microns in patients without DR. In type 2 DM, the mean CCT was 542.85±39.3 microns in patients with DR and 532.44±27.4 microns in patients without DR. The CCT in type 1 diabetic patients was higher in both groups (with and without DR) than the CCT in type 2 diabetic patients in both groups (with and without DR). However, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The type of diabetes mellitus did not affect CCT. The presence of diabetic retinopathy in either type I or type II diabetes mellitus can affect the measurements of CCT.

scholarly journals Association of MnSOD-47C/TGENE Polymorphism (Rs 4880-47C/T) in Sudanese Patient with Diabetic Retinopathy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser M. Naser ◽  
Saife. El. Babeker ◽  
Mayada Abdo ◽  
Amar M. Ismail ◽  
Sawsan Altoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Manganese Superoxide

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the common micro-vascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is the main cause of blindness among young adults worldwide. Poor glycemic control in addition to longer diabetic duration is the main risk factors for diabetic retinopathy. Many genes have been postulated as candidates for diabetic retinopathy. Little is known about anti-oxidative enzyme gene polymorphism and its association with diabetic retinopathy, mainly for catalase enzyme and manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione genes. The study aims to assess the role of manganese superoxide dismutase MnSOD (rs4880) gene polymorphism in diabetic retinopathy Sudanese patients and its relation with MnSOD level. In addition to determine the association of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS), HbA1c and Lipid in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Methodology: The number of subject involved were 130 which, were classified into (n 60) clinically diagnosed as diabetic retinopathy and (n 70) diabetes mellitus without retinopathy as control group, age ranged from (22 – 80) years old, from Makkah Eye Complex. DNA was extracted and PCR product for MnSOD, gene segment was digested by NgoM enzymes, moreover gene polymorphisms were determined. Serum MnSOD, activity and FBS, TG, CHOL and HbA1c level were analyzed using Cobas Int 400 using absorption photometer and immunoassay methods respectively. Results: The results revealed that retinopathy is more common in female than male by approximately 2 fold =1.9:1. Type II is more common in our population that type 1. The majority of the patients had type II diabetes (128, 98.5%) and only 2(1.5%) patients were type I diabetes mellitus. The activity of MnSOD, was significantly higher in DNR when compared with DR (p= 0.003). Mean HbA1c and FBG concentration were significantly higher among DR than DNR p=0.001 and p=0.001 respectively. In contrast, mean serum CHOL and TG level revealed insignificant differences when compared DR with Diabetic without retinopathy (DNR).The genotyping for MnSOD-47C/T showed that the frequency of genotype CC was significantly lower in cases compared with control. Theses Associations for SNPs CCs, MnSOD-47C/T SNP rs4880, decreased risk after correction for multiple testing (OR = 0.088, 95% CI = 0.034-0.224 p= 0.001), While the frequency of the CT heterozygote genotype was significantly higher in cases group compare with control, the OR= 3.76(1.41-10.5), P=0.006. While frequency of the TT genotype was significantly higher in cases than controls. Theses Associations for MnSOD 47C/T SNP rs4880, increased risk after correction for multiple testing (OR = 5.31, 95% CI = 1.91-14.75, p= 0.001). The C allele is observed in 47% of the cases while the T allele – risky allele- observed in 73% of the cases, OR= 0.150(0.079-0.285), P=0.001 (Table 6). Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a significant association between MnSOD-47C/T        (rs 4880) gene polymorphism and the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in Sudanese population. There is a significant decrease in MnSOD levels and glycemic control in patients with the mutant allele T.

Evaluating the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Teaching Center

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-494
Author(s):  
N.M. Pharmakakis ◽  
I.K. Petropoulos ◽  
P.A. Peristeropoulos ◽  
C.V. Vantzou ◽  
J.X. Koliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Teaching Center

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the teaching center of the University Eye Clinic of Patras in Greece. Methods From 1989 to 1999, 302 patients with type I (5.3%) and type II (94.7%) diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined. Standard examination and treatment protocols were employed. Examinations and laser treatment were done by trainee specialists, under the supervision of the head physician (N.Ph), during their rotation in the retina and vitreous disorders outpatient department. Results At baseline examination, 17.9% of the eyes had no DR, 71.7% had nonproliferative DR, and 10.4% had proliferative DR. In 34.4%, no laser treatment followed. The other 65.6% underwent focal and/or grid laser and/or panretinal photocoagulation and/or vitrectomy. At the final examination, DR was still the same in 63.1% of the eyes, progression had occurred in 34.1%, and regression in 2.8%. Type I DM patients' eyes had a higher prevalence of proliferative DR at the final examination than type II DM eyes. There was also a significant correlation between progression of DR and duration of DM, insulin treatment for DM, and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Conclusions Having applied standard examination and treatment protocols, the efficacy of the management of our diabetic patients was consistent with international standards, even though patients were treated mostly by doctors in training.

scholarly journals The role of inflammatory cytokines in dry eye in type 2 diabetic patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Cui ◽  
Zheng-ri Li ◽  
Ning Ren ◽  
Li-xia Sun ◽  
Ying-jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the ocular surface characteristics and the levels of tear and conjunctiva inflammatory cytokines. Methods This study enrolled 102 diabetes patients with dry eye (DE) and 117 volunteers. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence: Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was self-answered and ocular surface characteristics including Schirmer I test (SIt), tear-film breakup time (BUT), and corneal fluorecein staining (CFS) were evaluated. Levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were measured in the conjunctiva using a multiplex immunobead assay. Periodicacid-Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry were also performed. Spearman correlations between cytokines and ocular surface parameters were calculate. Results The ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-lβ and TNF-α in the DE patients with diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.023). The immunohistochemical staining results and western-blot results showed that the expression levels of TGF-β1 and NF-κB in the conjunctiva in the diabetes mellitus group were significantly increased compared to those in the normal group. The flow cytometric results showed that the expression levels of CCR6 and IL-17 were significantly increased in diabetes mellitus group compared to the normal group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Conclusions Inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in the conjunctiva and tears of diabetic patients with dry eye. The mechanism for this might be related to hyperglycemia-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, which increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, chemokines might also play a role in the pathogenesis of dry eye in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Laser Therapy Indication

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Barbara de Araujo Lima Dutra ◽  
Carolina Lyra Barreira Carneiro ◽  
Mariana Studart Mendonça Gomes ◽  
Rodrigo Dantas Nagashima ◽  
Andre Juca Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Time ◽  
Schirmer I Test

Background: Studies have shown a higher incidence of dry eye among patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. However, information regarding dry eye in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication is not sufficient. Objective: To estimate the clinical manifestation of dry eye syndrome in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed during a local evaluation campaign of diabetic patients with vision disabilities at the Instituto Cearense de Oftalmologia in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication were included in the study. An anamnesis directly to dry eye complaints was performed, and eligible participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The slit lamp examination was performed with fluorescein staining; the tear break-up time (TBUT) was measured, and conjunctiva and corneal was evaluated using Rose Bengal (RB) staining. Finally, the Schirmer I test was performed. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in the study with a diagnostic time of Diabetes Mellitus ranged from 1 to 35 years, with an average of 17.2 ± 8.7 years. In our sample, 14 patients (56%) reported glycemic control with insulin, while 11 patients (44%) had oral hypoglycemic agents. The most prevalent complaint was blurred vision (96% of patients) followed by low visual acuity (92%). A less prevalent complaint was pain (44%). The mean OSDI score was 49.4 ± 24.2. TBUT was less than 10 seconds in 21 patients (84%), and RB staining grade was more than 3 in 13 patients (52%). The results of the Schirmer I test ranged from 2 to 35 mm, with a mean of 13.57 ± 9.78 mm. It was smaller than 10 mm in 15 patients (60%). Conclusion: The frequency of manifestation of dry eye syndrome was very common in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication. Ocular surface care should be provided for those patients with significant ocular morbidity.

Haemostasis Disturbances in Type I and II Diabetes Mellitus.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4032-4032
Author(s):  
Patrick Van Dreden ◽  
Aurelie Rousseau ◽  
Thomas Exner ◽  
Marc Vasse ◽  
Geneviéve Ozenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Small Pilot Study

Abstract Diabetes is associated with disturbances in haemostasis that are thought to result in an increased incidence of thrombotic complications and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this pilot study was to monitor activation of haemostasis using specific markers for platelet activation and coagulation. Plasma samples (all blood collected and plasma prepared in the same hospital under the same conditions) were obtained from twenty diabetic patients (8 with type I and 12 with type II) and twenty one normal control volunteers. To monitor coagulation these samples were evaluated with the partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and D-dimer (D-Di) - all reagents from Diagnostica Stago, Asniéres, France. Platelet activation was monitored with a novel method for monitoring procoagulant phospholipids microparticles (PPM) using a factor Xa-based coagulation assay. In this assay shortened clotting times are associated with increased levels of PPM and thus platelet activation. APTT Sec. PT % PPM Sec. D-Di μg/l Controls 34.6 (29.4–39.6) 93.1 (79–109) 57.5 (51.1–74.9) 0.22 (0.22–0.45) Type I Diabetes 34.5 (33.1–36.7) 96.9 (92–102.5) 33.8 (19.1–44.2) 1.6 (0.22–3.6) Type II Diabetes 36.8 (33.2–40.4) 96 (59.4–112.5) 48.3 (44.2–51.2) 0.7 (0.22–1.7) Significantly higher levels of both PPM and DD were found in Type I diabetes patients compared with controls (both P&lt;0.001). In type II diabetes the levels of both were lower than those found in Type I diabetes but both were still higher than the controls (PPM and DDi at p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.01 level respectively), only the differences in levels of PPM reaching significance between type I and type II diabetes (p&lt;0.01). The more severe the diabetes (type I &gt; type II) the greater the level activation of haemostasis that is observed. The increases in PPM could account in part for the development or progression of arthrosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. The increased level of D-Di confirms the increased hypercoagulability of these patients. Although this was a small pilot study and further studies are needed to confirm these findings it is interesting to speculate on the usefulness of both the PPM assay and D-Di assays in monitoring the development/severity of diabetes and its complications. The PPM assay may prove to be especially useful in monitoring progression of the disease.

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCAEMIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 64-869
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
Darshan Kumar ◽  
Adil Faraz ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Hala Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Study Results

Objectives: Find out the hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetic nephropathicpatients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: National Institute of Diabetes &Endocrinology at Dow University Hospital, Ojha Campus, Karachi. Duration of Study: For theperiod of one year, from October 2014 to November 2015. Methodology: Known “diabeticpatients” with nephropathy which were present at National Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology,Dow University Hospital, Ojha Campus, Karachi Patients presenting with signs and symptomsof hypoglycemia are diagnosed cases of “diabetes mellitus with nephropathy”, age 30 andabove, Type-I and type-Il diabetes mellitus, on oral hypoglycemic agents I insulin were includedin this study. Questions regarding the time period for which patient has been using these drugsand if the patient is suffering from illness which may be acute or chronic, should be askedregarding the relevant disease & its association with hypoglycaemia be mentioned, & patientsurine D/R & Serum Creatinine & Urea are measured by sending to the appropriate laboratory.Patients with severe malnutrition and starvation, chronic liver disease, alcoholics, chronicdisease as tuberculosis, patients with renal diseases without diabetes, any other malignancypatients were excluded from this study. Results: Depending upon the selection of 200 patients,the result concluded in our study consisted of 54% male patients and 46% were females, out ofwhich 11% had type I and diabetes and type II diabetics constituted 89%. Most of the patientsage between 60 to 75 years of age. The average duration of diabetes was 12.20 + 6.14 years.Out of 24 hypoglycaemic patients, 6 (25%) had type-I diabetes in which 4 were male and 2 wasfemale while 18 (75%) had type-II diabetes in which 10 were male and 8 were female patients.Conclusion: Observed that hypoglycaemia was common in diabetic patients, who developedrenal failure due to diabetic nephropathy.

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