scholarly journals Próby modernizacji pozycji i funkcjonowania parlamentów w warunkach kryzysowych

2012 ◽  
pp. 43-72
Author(s):  
Joachim Osiński
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Industrial Services ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The 2007+ financial crisis, which also had an impact on real economy, paradoxically resulted in an increase of states’ activity in economy and in the growth of expectations of citizens towards states. The crisis makes them see the state as the only institution able to guarantee financial and social safety as well as orderly development of global economy in future. The article tries to answer the following question: is the state able to secure that feeling of safety and society’s ability to develop, and will the incoming crises influence the modification of horizontal and vertical extent of functions of the modern state? The question whether modern states modernize or not, disregarding economic, social, cultural and military crises, is also a subject of preliminary analysis. The 2007+ economic crisis caused an increase in state activities in fields both related to economic problems and providing social and financial safety for citizens. The modernization of state institutions (the state considered as ontological being, i.e. is not identified with any present day state) is not related to crises. The internal institutions of state, as parliaments and executive are also modernized to a certain extent. The analyses of Scandinavian, US and Canadian parliaments included in the article prove that the parliaments use the legislative possibilities and increase the scope of control activities performed during crisis. Occasionally this leads to constitution infringement (US Congress). On other occasions special parliamentary commissions and direct democracy institutions are used (Iceland). During a crisis a phenomenon of „financial world imperialism” emerges. It is something more than financialization of real economy (industrial, services and agriculture). It is a trend leading to the  subordination of all the other spheres of activity of states and societies, including politics, law and culture. It is observed in contemporary highly developed societies as well as in some countries of „peripheral capitalism”. This trend is visible when democracy is used, including parliamentary procedures and decision-making processes in executive, to advance special interests of the financial world, its continuity and its profits.

World 2021: Pandemic and economic problems remain acute

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
M. V. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
The Stability

The global economy continues to grow, albeit mainly due to large-scale support measures from governments and regulators. Moreover, the latter are not sure about the prospects for such development, since the economies do not demonstrate the potential for independent growth. As a result, in order to stimulate it, regulators are forced to expand the range of their tools, mechanisms, approaches, otherwise the risks to the stability of the global financial and economic system increase. All this is happening against the background of negative rates, which have become virtually ubiquitous and persist for a long time. New growth records are being set in the stock markets, and their gap from the real economy is growing. A number of sectors are beginning to dominate, forming distortions and bubbles in the markets. In such conditions, the importance of digital money, ecosystems, etc. increases. Moreover, the faster and more efficiently regulators can integrate into these formats, the more successful business, the population, and the economy as a whole will be.

scholarly journals Mencitrakan Sang Kandidat: Si “Tukang Foto” Iklan Politik

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dewi Sartika Bukit
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Political Advertisements ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Political Ads ◽  
State Bureaucracy ◽  
Commercial Photography

Abstrak Perkembangan fotografi komersial di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini telah memasuki ranah politik, terutama sejak diberlakukannya sistem demokrasi langsung. Masyarakat menentukan pilihan mereka melalui pendekatan para kandidat dan calon, baik berupa kampanye maupun melalui iklan-iklan politik yang hadir di media massa, maupun berupa cetak billboard dan selebaran. Dalam iklan-iklan politik, terutama ikan luar ruang, kandidat yang dianalogikan sebagai produk, dipotret dan dikemas dalam sebuah desain iklan yang membawa pesan-pesan penting berupa pencitaan dan direduksi dalam sebuah gambar. Dengan demikian, fungsi fotografer iklan baik secara teknis maupun ide memberi pengaruh yang besar terhadap pencitraan kandidat, yang secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap jalannya negara selanjutnya setelah kandidat tersebut melaju ke urusan birokrasi negara. Di samping itu, permasalahan ekonomi yang berbanding lurus dengan pencitraan kandidat dalam iklan-iklan politik, ternyata menyimpan kemelut yang kompleks. AbstractImaging the Candidate : the “Photographer” of Politic Ads. Lately, the development of commercial photography in Indonesia has entered the realm of politics, especially since the system of direct democracy has been enacted. Communities determine their choice through the candidates and prospective nominees, either through campaigns or political advertisements presented in mass media, as well as on billboards and flyers printed form. In political ads, especially the outdoor ads, the candidate analogized as product, were photographed and packaged in advertisement design carrying important messages in the form of imagery and reduced in an image. Thus, the function of advertising photographers, both technically and in ideas, giving major influences on imaging the candidate, which indirectly affect the course of the country once the candidate proceeds to the affairs of the state bureaucracy. In addition, the economic problems which unfortunately are in direct proportion to the imaging candidate in the politics ads, turn out keeping a complex crisis.

The Politics of Direct Democracy: Referendums in Global Perspective.

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-504
Author(s):  
Leonard Preyra
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right

The Politics of Direct Democracy: Referendums in Global Perspective., Lawrence LeDuc., Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview. 2003, pp. 214.The 1980s marked a watershed in the evolution of liberal democracy. On the global front the principles of liberal democracy were successfully used as battering rams to demolish the walls erected by its powerful Cold War rival—socialism. Our side declared victory and the end of ideological conflict. And yet in its struggle with socialism liberal democracy planted the seeds for its own transformation—it was hoist with its own petard. A new consensus emerged. Our elections were also a sham, parties provided little or no meaningful choice, and legislators were unrepresentative, unresponsive and unaccountable. On major constitutional and moral issues there was gridlock. From the left came calls for “people power” and more inclusive and empowering institutions. From the right came calls for privatizing the State and reducing the autonomy of elected officials and the “special interests” who controlled it. Enter the referendum as a way of addressing this “democratic deficit.” Why not let the people decide?

scholarly journals The way of perceiving ecological problems by citizens of Vojvodina: Presentation of empirical research

Sociologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Ljubinko Pusic ◽  
Ana Pajvancic-Cizelj
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Environmental Discourse ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The paper presents selected results of an empirical research about the attitudes of Vojvodinian citizens towards ecological problems. Its starting hypothesis is that the sensibility of citizens? attitudes towards ecological problems is the crucial key to create participative model of decision-making processes regarding environment. Research goals are descriptive and exploratory: evaluating the general attitude towards ecological problems, and checking their links with socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and with the globalization of the consciousness about the environment. The results of research show that respondents first recognize directly observable ecological problems (pollution). The rest of respondents recognized ecological problems which are necessarily mediated by global ecological consciousness and by ideas that put mainly human beings in the center of ecological issues (the lack of ecological consciousness). The respondents are divided in determining the state/civil society as the possible source of ecological problems, where most of them recognized the state institutions (ecological legislation) as such. The respondents expressed a significant level of non-anthropocentric values towards nature. The assumed link between socio-demographic characteristics and reception of ecological problems was not confirmed. It is shown that the attitude of Vojvodinian citizens towards ecological problems is highly diversified. On one hand, this attitude reflects an ecological consciousness, formed by the direct experience in the local context; while, on the other hand, it reflects a consciousness formed in the framework of globalized environmental discourse in ?networked society?.

Bosnian Serbs are closest yet to seceding

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Member State ◽  
The State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Republika Srpska

Subject Dodik’s latest threat to break up Bosnia. Significance Bosnian Serb politicians are blocking the work of state institutions, threatening to take back powers transferred to the state and mulling a secession referendum for the Serb-dominated Republika Srpska (RS) entity. Their demands are so radical as to preclude negotiations, let alone compromise. Impacts The secession issue will dominate all parties’ electioneering. Nationalism will distract from Bosnia’s socio-economic problems, which are not being addressed. Emigration, which has reduced the population by an estimated one-fifth since 1991, will continue. New EU foreign policy chief Josep Borell wants a “more decisive” foreign policy but will be held back by member state divisions.

The elimination of violence and terrorism in Iraq strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Mona Ali Duaij ◽  
Ahlam Ahmed Issa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
The Media ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Religious Aspect

All the Iraqi state institutions and civil society organizations should develop a deliberate systematic policy to eliminate terrorism contracted with all parts of the economic, social, civil and political institutions and important question how to eliminate Daash to a terrorist organization hostile and if he country to eliminate the causes of crime and punish criminals and not to justify any type of crime of any kind, because if we stayed in the curriculum of justifying legitimate crime will deepen our continued terrorism, but give it legitimacy formula must also dry up the sources of terrorism media and private channels and newspapers that have abused the Holy Prophet Muhammad (p) and all kinds of any of their source (a sheei or a Sunni or Christians or Sabians) as well as from the religious aspect is not only the media but a meeting there must be cooperation of both parts of the state facilities and most importantly limiting arms possession only state you can not eliminate terrorism and violence, and we see people carrying arms without the name of the state and remains somewhat carefree is sincerity honesty and patriotism the most important motivation for the elimination of violence and terrorism and cooperation between parts of the Iraqi people and not be driven by a regional or global international schemes want to kill nations and kill our bodies of Sunnis, sheei , Christians, Sabean and Yazidi and others.

PANCASILA DAN IDENTITAS KE-INDONESIA-AN: Sebuah Catatan Krisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Muchid Albintani
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Electoral Regime ◽  
National Consensus

The term there is no legislation under development of Pancasila as the basis of the state, but theposition of Pancasila is unshakeable. The anti-Pancasila attitude must also be anti-diversity that can live as a nation and a state [national crises]. Without affirmation or not in the legislation, Pancasila is the ‘foundation and ideology of the state’. Based on the fact that there is irrelevant when the question arises, whether Pancasila is still needed as the basis of state and nation, or is Pancasila still needed as a source of national law that explicitly needs to be affirmed into the1945 Constitution and the sanctions of Pancasila tabulatively? This paper is an assertion of [reinforcement] of the Pencasila as an ideology into the 1945 Constitution or not, highly dependent on the winning electoral regime and the ‘election-winning political party’. Pancasila as ‘the foundation and ideology of the state’ becomes the determinant of ‘as close as the regime of the results of the practice of direct democracy’. Therefore, the affirmation of the essentials in building a lasting and harmonious life of fellow children of the nation in the future. Recognizing the reintroduction of the Indonesia’s identity of essence of Pancasila as the ideology of nation and state is based on ‘national consensus’. This awareness is resilient, so that a country that has been established for more than 73 years does not experience an identity crisis. 

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aled Davies
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary System ◽  
The State ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

The aim of this book has been to evaluate the relationship between Britain’s financial sector, based in the City of London, and the social democratic economic strategy of post-war Britain. The central argument presented in the book was that changes to the City during the 1960s and 1970s undermined a number of the key post-war social democratic techniques designed to sustain and develop a modern industrial economy. Financial institutionalization weakened the state’s ability to influence investment, and the labour movement was unable successfully to integrate the institutionalized funds within a renewed social democratic economic agenda. The post-war settlement in banking came under strain in the 1960s as new banking and credit institutions developed that the state struggled to manage. This was exacerbated by the decision to introduce competition among the clearing banks in 1971, which further weakened the state’s capacity to control the provision and allocation of credit to the real economy. The resurrection of an unregulated global capital market, centred on London, overwhelmed the capacity of the state to pursue domestic-focused macroeconomic policies—a problem worsened by the concurrent collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system. Against this background, the fundamental social democratic assumption that national prosperity could be achieved only through industry-led growth and modernization was undermined by an effective campaign to reconceptualize Britain as a fundamentally financial and commercial nation with the City of London at its heart....

The Power of Public Positions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Kantian account of political authority holds that the state is a necessary and sufficient condition of our freedom. We cannot be free outside the state, Kantians argue, because any attempt to have the “acquired rights” necessary for our freedom implicates us in objectionable relations of dependence on private judgment. Only in the state can this problem be overcome. But it is not clear how mere institutions could make the necessary difference, and contemporary Kantians have not offered compelling explanations. A detailed analysis is presented of the problems Kantians identify with the state of nature and the objections they face in claiming that the state overcomes them. A response is sketched on behalf of Kantians. The key idea is that under state institutions, a person can make claims of acquired right without presupposing that she is by nature exceptional in her capacity to bind others.

New Folk Music as Attempted Repatriation in Romania

2018 ◽  
pp. 436-452
Author(s):  
Maurice Mengel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socialist State ◽  
New Form

This chapter looks at cultural policy toward folk music (muzică populară) in socialist Romania (1948–1989), covering three areas: first, the state including its intentions and actions; second, ethnomusicologists as researchers of rural peasant music and employees of the state, and, third, the public as reached by state institutions. The article argues that Soviet-induced socialist cultural policy effectively constituted a repatriation of peasant music that was systematically collected; documented and researched; intentionally transformed into new products, such as folk orchestras, to facilitate the construction of communism; and then distributed in its new form through a network of state institutions like the mass media. Sources indicate that the socialist state was partially successful in convincing its citizens about the authenticity of the new product (that new folklore was real folklore) while the original peasant music was to a large extent inaccessible to nonspecialist audiences.

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