scholarly journals Að breyta Guði. Endursköpun guðsmyndar í ljósi reynslu kvenna af ofbeldi og kúgun

Author(s):  
Sólveig Anna Bóasdóttir

Í þessari grein er rýnt í texta eftir fjóra kvennaguðfræðinga sem allar hafa lagt fyrir sig nýsmíði guðsmynda í ljósi gagnrýni á vald Guðs. Fyrsti textinn um það efni kemur frá Mary Daly en hún er ein af mikilvægustu formæðrum kvennaguðfræðinnar og hóf guðsmynda-gagnrýni sína skömmu fyrir 1970. Daly sem aðhylltist róttækan femínisma beindi skrifum sínum að kaþólsku kirkjunni og kenningum hennar. Hún komst fljótlega að þeirri niður-stöðu að henni væri ekki vært innan kirkjunnar, kirkjan væri handan endurskoðunar og endurnýjunar. Þrátt fyrir það eru áhrif hennar á síðari tíma kvennaguðfræðinga óumdeild. Það sýna textar eftir Sallie McFague, Ivone Gebara og Wendy Farley, sem allar hafa ástundað guðsmyndargagnrýni og guðsmyndarnýsköpun og lagt sérstaka áherslu á vald Guðs í þeim efnum. McFague leggur áherslu á að allt tal um Guð sé líkingamál og réttir fram guðslíkingar eins og t.d. Guð sem vinkonuna, elskandann og móðurina en þannig vildi hún leggja áherslu á vægi hins líkamlega og nálæga Guðs. Svipað má segja um texta Ivone Gebara en reynsla og líf hinna fátæku er forsenda guðslíkinga hennar. Aðalatriði hjá henni er að allt líf sé samtengt og hvað öðru háð. Guð finnum við í tengslum og skyldleika alls sem lifir. Framlag Wendy Farley til endursköpunar guðsmynda felst í endurtúlkun á hugtakinu vald. Hún vill halda áfram að tala um vald Guðs en endurtúlkar hugtakið. Valdi Guðs verður, að hennar mati, best lýst sem líknsemi en það er eiginleiki sem aðeins Guð býr yfir. Líknsemi Guðs megnar að leysa manneskjunnar úr greipum ofbeldis og illsku. Vald Guðs umbreytir og frelsar á hátt sem enginn mannlegur máttur getur gert. Changing God. Reconstructing the image of God in the light of women’s experiences of violence and oppression This article examines texts by four women theologians who have all set out to reconstruct images of God in the face of criticism of God’s power. The first text comes from Mary Daly, one of the most important forerunners of women’s theology. She began her criticism of theology shortly before 1970. Daly, who embraced radical feminism, first focused her critique on the Catholic Church and its doctrines. However, she soon concluded that she was not valued within the Church, and indeed, that the Church was beyond re-evaluation and restoration. Nevertheless, her influence on later women theologians is undisputed. This is evidenced in texts by Sallie McFague, Ivone Gebara, and Wendy Farley, who have all engaged in critical and groundbreaking work regarding images of God, with particular emphasis on the meaning of the power of God. McFague highlights that all talk about God is metaphorical, presenting parables that depict God as friend, lover, and mother, which is how she emphasizes the importance of the physicality and immanence of God. Similar themes can be found within Ivone Gebara’s text, but the experiences of the poor are a prerequisite for her writings of God images. She writes that all life is interconnected and interdependent. According to her, we find God in the relatedness and kinship of all living creatures. Wendy Farley’s contribution to the critical discussion on the images of God is a reinterpretation of the concept of power. She wishes to keep talking about God’s power but reinterprets the concept. In her view, the power of God is best described as compassion, a quality, however, that only God can have. God’s compassion liberates human beings from violence and evil. God’s power transforms and liberates in a way that no human power ever can.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-280
Author(s):  
Rhoderick John Suarez Abellanosa

The declaration of enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) in various provinces and cities in the Philippines did not impede the Catholic Church from celebrating its sacraments and popular devotions. Mired with poverty and various forms of economic and social limitations, the presence of God for Filipinos is an essential element in moving forward and surviving in a time of pandemic. Predominantly Roman Catholic in religious affiliation, seeking the face of God has been part of Filipinos' lives whenever a serious disaster would strike. This essay presents how the clergy, religious and lay communities in the Philippines have innovatively and creatively sustained treasured religious celebrations as a sign of communion and an expression of faith. In addition to online Eucharistic celebrations that are more of a privilege for some, culturally contextualised efforts were made during the Lenten Season and even on Sundays after Easter. This endeavour ends with a reflection on the Church as the sacrament of God in a time of pandemic. Pushed back to their homes, deprived of life's basic necessities and facing threats of social instability, unemployment and hunger, Filipinos through their innovative celebrations find in their communion with their Church the very presence of God acting significantly in their lives.


2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Aguilar Fernández

AbstractEven though not all European churches can be ascribed a political profile, moral issues have unleashed the protest of some of them alongside Christian-inspired groups and advocacy coalitions. Mobilization against these issues is not surprising in democracy but the different role that churches might play is. Unlike other European churches, the Spanish Catholic Church has acted as a political contender under Zapatero's rule (2004–2011). The new Socialist agenda, with its emphasis on morally-liberal reforms, has triggered a protest in which the church has invested significant resources and helped mobilize the more Conservative quarters of the Catholic society. This adversarial role is distinctive but not unique: the Italian and Polish churches have also opted for confrontational strategies in the face of similar challenges. However, the Spanish case is most relevant because, unlike other predominantly Catholic societies (Italy, Portugal, Ireland, and Poland), it has experienced a most profound and fastest secularization process. Confrontation can then be explained by the supply (a well-endowed Church that enjoys a privileged relationship with a non-confessional state) and not by the demand.


1954 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Frank O'Malley

Among the preparatory prayers of the Mass, there are these words from Psalm 42: “Judge me, O God, and distinguish my cause from the nation that is not holy.” However inadequately accomplished, the purpose of this essay is to affirm and distinguish our cause as Catholic minds and human beings from the nation and from the world that are not holy—to affirm the strength and meaning of the world of the Church for our varied worlds of living and working. As Christopher Dawson points out in a remarkable essay, there is, even in the modern world, “a tradition of sacred culture which it has been the mission of the Church to nourish and preserve”—and to nourish and preserve it even in the nation that is not holy. “However secularized our modern civilization may become,” Dawson continues, “this sacred tradition [this sacred life] remains like a river in the desert, and a genuine religious education can still use it to irrigate the thirsty lands and to change the face of the world with the promise of a new life. The great obstacle is the failure of Christians themselves to understand the depth of that tradition and the inexhaustible possibilities of new life that it contains.”


2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellton Luis Sbardella ◽  
Clélia Peretti

O presente artigo apresenta reflexões bíblicas e do magistério da Igrejasobre o tema da misericórdia. A misericórdia é o fundamento para os desafios que a fé cristã enfrenta diante das diferentes manifestações de violência na nossa sociedade. O tema da misericórdia está presente na Sagrada Escritura e no Catecismo da Igreja Católica (CIC), o qual nos mostra a concretização da ação misericordiosa de Deus em Jesus para todo ser humano. A Bula Misericordiae Vultus, do Papa Francisco, na  proclamação do Jubileu Extraordinárioda Misericórdia, apresenta com clareza o rosto da misericórdia de Deus, sua presença e ações manifestas no caminhar e na história do povo. O desafio do cristão hoje é uma prática evangélica da misericórdia, que ofereça respostas de libertação àquilo que fere a dignidade do homem e da mulher.Palavras-chave: Misericordiae Vultus. Deus é misericórdia. Violência e misericórdia.Abstract: The present article presents biblical reflections and the magisterium of the Church on the subject of mercy. Mercy is the foundation for the challenges that the Christian faith faces in the face of the different manifestations of violence in our society. The theme of mercy is present in Sacred Scripture and in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) which shows us the concreteness of the merciful action of God in Jesus for every human being. The Bull Misericordiae Vultus of Pope Francis in the proclamation of the extraordinary jubilee of mercy clearly presents the face of the mercy of God, his presence and actions manifested in the way of the people and in his history. The challenge of the Christian today is an evangelical practice of mercy offering answers of deliverance to that which hurts the dignity of man and woman.Keywords: Misericordiae Vultus. God is mercy. Violence and mercy.


2020 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Anatolii Babynskyi

The article covers the development of the idea of ​​patriarchal status in 1945-1962 within the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the diaspora, focusing mainly on the third wave of Ukrainian emigration. After the Second World War, about 250,000 Ukrainian refugees found themselves in Western Europe (DP camps), from where in 1947-1955, they moved to the countries of North and South America, Western Europe and Australia. The growing role of the Church, which continued to play a significant role in their lives after their resettlement to the countries mentioned above, marked the experience of their stay in the DP camps. The DP camps became a place of a closer rapprochement between Ukrainian Greek Catholics and Orthodox Christians, one consequence of which was the appeals of a Ukrainian Greek Catholic bishops with a proposal to create a joint patriarchate with Ukrainian Orthodox, which would be in unity with Rome. On the other hand, the expansion of the geography of the presence of the UGCC and the founding of new metropolises in Canada and the United States brought to the fore the question of the unity of all structural units of this Church at the global level, which, as some believed, could have been secured by the patriarchal institution. Finally, the patriarchate was considered by the post-war Ukrainian emigration as a means of preserving the unity of the diaspora in the face of assimilation and disintegration. Furthermore, in the future, as an institution that could effectively help the Church revive at home after independence. The last aspect of the patriarchal idea had a significant impact on the emergence of the Ukrainian patriarchal movement, and its closeness to the goals set by the third wave of Ukrainian emigration provided that movement with a high level of massiveness and passionate vigorousness for the movement.


Author(s):  
Piotr Burgoński

This article shall analyse the attitude of the Catholic Church towards the process of Europeanization of Polish policy of equality and non-discrimination. It shall be an analysis of a single case, i.e. the debate around Poland’s adoption of the CAHVIO Convention of the Council of Europe. These analyses shall seek the answer to the question of how the Catholic Church sees the process of Europeanization of equality and anti-discrimination policy in Poland. Whether it supports it or opposes it. What role does it want to play in this process? How is the Church and its attitude towards Europeanization perceived by other participants of the public debate and how does this affect the ability of the Church to control the process of Europeanization? The theoretical approach used in the research shall be the paradigm of the public sphere and Europeanization. Methods and techniques of discourse analysis shall be applied as well.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
A. Szabaciuk

This essay evaluates the standpoint that the Roman Catholic Church has adopted regarding the European migrant crisis. Some countries feel a severe outfl ow of people due to mass labor migration; others must deal with the challenges as transit states, and others – enormous challenges generated by the infl ux of economic immigrants and refugees. The most popular theories of migration and public policies very often ignore the ethical component of migration. One of the entities that constantly emphasizes the humanitarian aspect of migration is the Holy See. Popes, beginning with Leo XIII, have repeatedly raised the issue of rights to a dignifi ed life and decent work, and if it is necessary also to migrate in search of a safe shelter and a better life. Pope Francis, like his predecessors, referring to the problem of migration, puts people fi rst. He emphasizes that all migration streams consist of individuals who deserve respect and care because we see in them the face of God. This paper concludes that the Church remains the signifi cant international body impartial amidst the growing European schism on the migrant issue.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
I Ketut Gegel

The Dayak community is known as a community that is close to nature, and even, can be said they unite themselves with nature. Nature is a "home" for shelter, a "pool" for fishing and Savannah for hunting wilds animals. Short words, nature is a treasure that is not counted in their lives. Therefore, when nature was damaged by investors for mining and coconut palm plantation businesses, the Dayak community was faced with great difficulties to maintain the sustainability for their own lives, because the nature that sustains their lives today has been damaged and destroyed. The critical question that arises: "How to deal with this challenge and who should help them fight for their rights in the face of greedy investors?” Fighting alone, should be difficult, because they should faced not only investors, but also by two other forces, namely: security authorities and local authorities. For this reason, other institutions are needed to help overcome this difficulty. The Catholic Church is an institution which present among Dayak community and together with them, fighting and protect their rights and lives. The Church's partisanship is a clear evidence of the embodyment of its main mission, that is, proclaiming the Goos News for the people. This noble task, merely, does not layed down in the act of liturgical cult, but also in real action, in concrete actions to fight for the rights, freedoms and the goodness of human life. Through these actions, the Church presents salvation to human being. Of course, the effort and commitment to ptotect local community and nature will produce more a good and better result when done together with other institutions. Therefore, Pope Francis through his Encyclical Letter Laudato Si, invites all parties who are well-wished to be jointly involved in seeking salvation for everyone through concrete efforts, that is, to protect the earth, our common home.


ADVOCATUS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander González García

This article studies the proposal of the Catholic Church towards a common base for interreligious dialogue. For the Church, dialogue with other religions can not be based on the commandments of love, as Muslim leaders suggest in their document "A Common Word" (2007), because it is an exclusive idea between Christians and Muslims; that is why the Church presents in several documents the idea of the natural law as a common pillar for all people, believers and non-believers, since God has provided humanity with reason, and this can guide human beings towards common benefit. This article analyzes the natural law as a valid means for interreligious relations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (276) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Ludovico Garmus

O estudo apresenta um apanhado das preocupações da Igreja Católica sobre a questão ambiental, colhidas nos vários documentos, desde o Vaticano II até a V Conferência Latino-Americana, de Aparecida. Torna-se bastante incisiva, sobretudo, nos pronunciamentos dos Papas Paulo VI e João Paulo II. Está bem presente na temática de várias Campanhas da Fraternidade promovidas pelo Episcopado do Brasil. Notáveis são também os posicionamentos sobre o ambiente nas Conferências Episcopais Latino-Americanas (CELAM), Medellín, Puebla, Santo Domingo e Aparecida. O estudo mostra que a Igreja, preocupada em orientar os fiéis e a sociedade na luta pela preservação de todas as formas de vida, tem acompanhado com atençãoproblemáticadaecologia.AIgrejatomaposiçãofrenteaosproblemas ambientais, recorrendo à Sagrada Escritura, à Teologia e ao Magistério.Abstract: This study presents a series of concerns of the Catholic Church about the environmental issue extracted from various documents from the Vatican II until the 5th Latin American Conference of Aparecida. The issue becomes quite sharply defined in the pronouncements of Popes Paul VI and John Paul II. It is also clearly present in the theme of the various Fraternity Campaigns promoted by the Brazilian Bishops. The stated opinions about the environment at the Latin American Episcopal Conferences of Medellin, Puebla, Santo Domingo and Aparecida are also remarkable. The study shows that the Church, being concerned with guiding the faithful and society in the struggle for the preservation of all forms of life, has followed the problems of the ecology with great care. It also takes a stand in the face of environmental problems by resorting to the Sacred Scripture, to Theology and to the Magisterium.


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