scholarly journals Gyðingurinn Páll. Nýjustu viðhorf í rannsóknum á postulanum og gyðinglegu samhengi hans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rúnar M. Þorsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
New Perspective On Paul ◽  
Jewish Christianity ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

This article presents new perspectives in research on the apostle Paul in his first-century Jewish context. The article provides a general overview of the history of research in this respect, especially in light of the antisemitic attitudes and perceptions that have played an important role in the formation of the traditional view of Paul and his message. The so-called “New Perspective on Paul“, which was prominent in the late 20th century, is briefly presented and discussed. But the main emphasis of the article is the presentation of a more recent view that is either called “The Radical New Perspective on Paul“ or (more appropri-ately) “Paul within Judaism“. This new approach is gaining more and more support in New Testament scholarship, particularly in the United States and in the Nordic countries. According to this perspective, Paul neither abandoned nor rejected Judaism, but remained a Jew, even as a believer in Christ, and he wrote his letters into a first-century Jewish context. In other words, the context of Paul’s message was not “Christian” in the sense that it was something else than Jewish — Christianity did not exist as such in Paul’s time

History of Research in Developmental Psychology

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
W. Andrew Collins ◽  
Willard W. Hartup
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

This chapter summarizes the emergence and prominent features of a science of psychological development. Pioneering researchers established laboratories in Europe in the mid-nineteenth century to examine the significance of successive changes in the organism with the passage of time. American psychologists, many of whom had studied in the European laboratories, subsequently inaugurated similar efforts in the United States. Scientific theories and methods in the fledgling field were fostered by developments in experimental psychology, but also in physiology, embryology, ethology, and sociology. Moreover, organized efforts to provide information about development to parents, educators, and public policy specialists further propagated support for developmental science. The evolution of the field in its first century has provided a substantial platform for future developmental research.

Introduction: Memorialization, Gay Assimilation, and American Religion

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Brett Krutzsch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
American Religion ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
American Citizenship ◽  
Aids Crisis ◽  
Gay Activism ◽  
History Of

The introduction addresses how gay activists memorialized select people as martyrs in order to influence national debates over LGBT rights. In particular, the chapter lays out how religion shaped both the process of gay political memorialization as well as gay assimilation in the United States more broadly. The introduction additionally covers the history of American gay activism, the rise of assimilatory tactics following the American AIDS crisis, and the promotion of gays as “normal” citizens. As became common at the turn of the twenty-first century, many gay activists argued that gays were just like straights and, therefore, deserving of equal rights. The chapter also details how Protestant sexual standards shaped the nation’s ideas about acceptable sexual citizens and, in turn, how gay activists promoted Protestant values as necessary for the rights of full American citizenship.

The Desert Fayum in the twenty-first century

Antiquity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (361) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Simon Holdaway ◽  
Rebecca Phillipps ◽  
Joshua Emmitt ◽  
Veerle Linseele ◽  
Willeke Wendrich
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Agricultural Origins ◽  
North Shore ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Academic Debate

From 1924–1928, Gertrude Caton-Thompson and Elinor Gardner surveyed and excavated Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic sites across the Fayum north shore in Egypt, publishing a volume entitled The Desert Fayum (1934). Since then, a number of researchers have worked in the Fayum (e.g. Wendorf & Schild 1976; Hassan 1986; Wenke et al. 1988; Kozłowski & Ginter 1989), and most recently the UCLA/RUG/UOA Fayum Project. The long history of research in the area means that the Fayum is a testament to changing archaeological approaches, particularly regarding the Neolithic. Caton-Thompson and Gardner's study is recognised as one of the most progressive works on Egyptian prehistory, and their research provided the foundation for many subsequent studies in the region (e.g. Wendrich & Cappers 2005; Holdaway et al. 2010, 2016; Shirai 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016a; Emmitt 2011; Emmitt et al. 2017; Holdaway & Wendrich 2017). A recent article in Antiquity, however, uses Caton-Thompson and Gardner's preliminary interpretations of their excavations at a stratified deposit in the Fayum, Kom W, to generate a series of speculative statements concerning agricultural origins in the region (Shirai 2016b). The majority of these statements are very similar to conclusions initially made by Caton-Thompson and Gardner in the first half of the twentieth century, and new data and theory needed to reassess earlier conclusions are not considered. Recently published studies concerning the Fayum north shore and adjacent regions provide a different view of the state of research in this region and the Egyptian Neolithic in general. Here we acquaint Antiquity readers with current archaeological approaches to the Fayum north shore Neolithic, with the intent of stimulating academic debate.

Terrorism and Hate Crime

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Mills ◽  
Joshua Freilich ◽  
Steven Chermak
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Hate Crime Legislation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crime Legislation ◽  
Political Objective

This article focuses on political crimes, specifically terrorism and hate crime. Both terrorism and hate crime are criminal activities that are often committed to further a political objective, as opposed to typical or regular crimes that are usually committed for personal reasons such as greed, revenge, or other personal motivations. Political motivations encompass ideological, social, and religious objectives. Several works (e.g., Bruce Hoffman’s Inside Terrorism; see Hoffman 2006, cited under Defining Terrorism and Hate Crime) examine the evolution of terrorism from ancient to modern times. While bias-motivated violence and hate crimes are just as old as terrorism, the United States did not formally adopt hate crime legislation, through the passage of a variety of substantive penalty enhancement and data collection laws, until the late 20th century. Making Hate a Crime (Jenness and Grattet 2004, cited under Defining Terrorism and Hate Crime) explores the history of hate crime legislation, highlighting how various civil rights and victims’ rights movements played a role in the passage of hate crime legislation. In the classic text Hate Crimes Revisited, Jack Levin and Jack McDevitt outline the history of hate crimes, explain why some persons are motivated to commit these crimes, and discuss efforts to combat them (Levin and McDevitt 2002, cited under Defining Terrorism and Hate Crime).

The Panama Canal: Waterway for the Twenty-First Century

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard E. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Ownership Transfer ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canal Operation ◽  
Current Operation ◽  
Future Plans

This paper describes what is happening in Panama with regard to the Canal's current operation and future plans. Beginning with a history of the Canal's recent ownership transfer from the United States back to Panama, the paper continues by describing changing trends in the use of the Canal. A brief discussion of laws in place that prevent interruption of Canal operation, such as provisions against strikes, is also included. Other interesting specifics, such as the fact that usage of the Canal is increasing and so are the sizes of the ships using the Canal, are incorporated throughout the discussion. Future renovations look promising, and there is no reason to fear for the future of the Canal and its increasingly important role in this ever-changing world.

The Acts of the Apostles and the Beginnings of Simonian Gnosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Lüdemann
Keyword(s):  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Origin

The person of Simon encountered in Acts 8 has been a controversial figure ever since the rise of historical criticism. The range of opinions in the history of research varies from denying his existence to regarding him as the instigator of the gnostic movement that threatened the nascent early church in the second century. These contradictory results reflect the particular difficulty of the Simon question, which consists not least in the span of time that lies between the two oldest sources (Acts and Justin). Furthermore, an orderly report of Simon's gnostic teaching is encountered first in Irenaeus. In modern research, Simon Magus has been treated more or less as a test case for the larger question about gnostic backgrounds of the NT or about the existence of a first century Gnosis. With conscious or unconscious reference to this first century Gnosis, the majority of investigators (especially of German origin) has affirmed the existence of a first-century Gnostic Simon, and has neglected the above mentioned chronological problem. Only recently has the following judgement begun to gain dominance: ‘All attempts so far made have failed to bridge the gap between the Simon of Acts and the Simon of the heresiologists.’ This statement points to the lack of Simon's companion Helen (= ἔννοια) in Acts 8 and to the fact that the expression ‘great power (of God)’ (Acts 8. 10b) is not gnostic as such.

scholarly journals Using the Educational Histories of Individuals to Complicate Standard Historical Narratives about Expanding Citizenship Rights and Opportunity

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Valinda W. Littlefield
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
First Century ◽  
Southern Studies ◽  
Education Department ◽  
History Of

My History of Southern African American Education, 1865–Present class, a mid-level survey course, examines the history of education for African Americans in the South from Reconstruction to the twenty-first century. It draws a variety of undergraduate students, as it is cross-listed with the College of Education, Department of History, African American Studies Program, and the Institute of Southern Studies. We examine issues of power and privilege, and the ways that race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status interact with educational opportunities and achievement. A major objective is to help students understand the ways in which public education in the United States was shaped by competing economic, political, and ideological interests; this focus includes learning the ways in which schools reinforced and reshaped the larger society. Another objective is to use local, state, and regional educational issues to provide a background for understanding the history of education as well as patterns, trends, and changes in the larger historical narrative.

Learning from the History of Integrative Preventive Medicine to Address Our Current Healthcare Challenges

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne B. Jonas ◽  
Edward Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Health Council ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Prevention ◽  
Evidence Based Healthcare

Integrative medicine (IM), defined as the appropriate use of all evidence-based healthcare practices and professions—complementary and conventional—is evolving as an important aspect of preventive medicine in the last twenty years to achieve population health. With the creation of the National Prevention, Health Promotion and Public Health Council in the United States, representing cabinet-level agencies, there was an opportunity to truly reform the basic approach to preventive medicine from an integrative perspective. Other advances in prevention show the steady global progress of integrative preventive medicine (IPM) in both concept and operations. As these developments evolve, what lessons can we learn from the last twenty years of IM to make a difference in establishing and maintaining a healthy and resilient population in the twenty-first century? This chapter summarizes some of those lessons and describes a vision for IPM in addressing the current health challenges faced by the world.

American Jewish History

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasia Diner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
First Century ◽  
American Jewish History ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Jewish ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

American Jewish history as a field of scholarly inquiry takes as its subject-matter the experience of Jews in the United States and places it within the context of both modern Jewish history and the history of the United States. Its practitioners see their intellectual project as inextricably connected to both histories. At the beginning of the twenty-first century the enterprise of American Jewish history enjoys a condition of robust health. By the 1990s American immigration history had generally declined in favour within the ranks of American historians. That Jews, outsiders to American culture upon their arrival in the United States, were able to penetrate barriers and enter the mainstream clashes with the way historians want to see the American past. As a group who craved both economic security and respectability, their story lacks the dramatic punch of resisters and rebels to the American ethos.

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